Windows Server 2025
Monthly
Remote code execution in Windows LSASS (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service) on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 stems from a use-after-free memory vulnerability exploitable by authenticated attackers over the network. An attacker with valid credentials can trigger the flaw to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges, achieving complete system compromise. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems vulnerable until Microsoft releases a security update.
Windows Hello privilege escalation on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2019 allows local attackers without credentials to tamper with system integrity through incorrect privilege assignment. The vulnerability requires local access but no user interaction, enabling unauthorized modifications to protected resources. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue affecting multiple Windows versions.
Windows Kerberos authentication in multiple Windows versions accepts untrusted input during security decisions, enabling authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges without user interaction. The vulnerability affects Windows 10 (versions 1607 and 1809), Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2025, with no patch currently available. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this to gain elevated system access across the network.
Privilege escalation via race condition in Windows SMB Server affects Windows 10 21h2, Windows 11 25h2, and Windows Server 2022 23h2, allowing authenticated attackers to gain elevated privileges over the network. The vulnerability stems from improper synchronization when handling concurrent access to shared resources, and no patch is currently available. With a CVSS score of 7.5, this poses a significant risk to organizations using affected Windows versions.
Windows Clipboard Server contains a use-after-free vulnerability affecting Windows 10 (versions 21H2 and 1809) and Windows Server 2022 (23H2) that enables local privilege escalation without requiring user interaction. An attacker with local access can exploit this memory safety flaw to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Local privilege escalation in Windows RRAS affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022, allowing authenticated users to gain system-level access through improper access control mechanisms. An attacker with local user credentials can exploit this vulnerability to obtain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk until Microsoft releases a security update.
Use after free in Windows DWM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. [CVSS 7.0 HIGH]
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Local code execution in Windows Media affects Windows 11 25h2, Windows Server 2019, and Windows Server 2025 through a heap buffer overflow that requires user interaction to trigger. An attacker with local access can exploit this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution with full system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel on Windows 11 and Linux systems results from improper synchronization of concurrent access to shared resources, allowing authenticated local attackers to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires specific timing conditions to exploit but impacts multiple Windows versions and Linux distributions. No patch is currently available for this race condition vulnerability.
Privileged local attackers can exploit a use-after-free vulnerability in the Windows RPC IDL subsystem to gain system-level code execution on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2022 systems. The vulnerability requires local access and valid credentials but allows complete compromise of the target system with no user interaction required. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (afd.sys) lets an authorized low-privileged user win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use race to elevate to SYSTEM across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025). Exploitation requires local code execution and reliably winning a narrow timing window, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile) and the CVE is not in CISA KEV, indicating no evidence of active exploitation.
Privilege escalation in Windows Server 2025 Capability Access Management Service stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, enabling authenticated local users to gain elevated privileges. The race condition requires specific timing conditions but no patch is currently available, leaving affected systems vulnerable to privilege escalation attacks by authorized local users.
Local privilege escalation in the Tablet Windows User Interface (TWINUI) subsystem of Microsoft Windows lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user win a race condition (CWE-362) to gain higher privileges. The flaw spans a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Windows Server 2016 through 2025) and, per its high-integrity/high-confidentiality/high-availability impact, can yield full SYSTEM-level control on a compromised host. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS rates near-term mass exploitation as very low (0.03%).
Privilege escalation in Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 11 25h2 and Windows Server 2019 exploits a use-after-free condition, enabling authenticated local attackers to gain elevated system privileges. The vulnerability requires moderate complexity to exploit and affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. No patch is currently available.
Heap buffer overflow in Windows Common Log File System Driver (affecting Windows 10 1607, Server 2016, and Server 2022 23h2) enables authenticated local users to achieve complete system compromise through privilege escalation. The vulnerability requires valid credentials but no user interaction, making it a direct path to administrative control for insiders or attackers with initial access. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems at elevated risk pending remediation.
Windows Error Reporting on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 fails to properly validate user privileges, enabling local authenticated users to escalate to system-level access. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this permission handling flaw to gain full control over the affected system. Currently no patch is available for this high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 7.8).
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Installer (msiexec/Windows Installer service) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race and gain SYSTEM-level privileges across supported Windows client and server releases. Exploitation requires local access and winning a narrow timing window, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile), reflecting the high attack complexity and lack of observed exploitation.
Privilege escalation in Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 Capability Access Management Service stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, enabling a local authenticated attacker to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability exploits a race condition that can be triggered without user interaction, though successful exploitation requires specific timing and system conditions. No patch is currently available for this high-severity issue.
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel affects Linux, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 10 1607 through a race condition in shared resource synchronization. A local authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K (ICOMP) via type confusion allows authenticated users to gain system-level access on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability affects multiple recent Windows versions with no available patch, requiring immediate mitigation strategies for at-risk environments. Exploitation requires local access but no user interaction, making it a significant risk for multi-user systems.
Privilege escalation in Windows Kernel Memory affects Windows 10 21h2 and Windows Server 2022 23h2, exploitable by local authenticated users through a race condition between permission checks and memory access. An attacker with local access can leverage this window to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available.
Privilege escalation in Windows Printer Association Object affects Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022/2025 through a race condition in shared resource access. An authenticated local attacker can exploit improper synchronization to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Desktop Windows Manager on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 leaks sensitive information to local authenticated users, enabling disclosure of confidential data without modifying or disrupting system functionality. This vulnerability is confirmed actively exploited and affects multiple Windows versions with no patch currently available. An authorized attacker can exploit this with minimal complexity to extract sensitive information from the system.
Windows Hello privilege elevation flaw in Windows 10 21h2, Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2022 23h2 enables local attackers to modify system data without authorization. The vulnerability stems from improper privilege assignment that bypasses access controls, allowing an unauthenticated attacker with local access to tamper with protected resources. Currently no patch is available and exploitation requires only local access with no special conditions or user interaction.
Windows Deployment Services contains improper access control that enables unauthenticated attackers on an adjacent network to execute arbitrary code with high privileges on affected Windows and Windows Server systems. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Server 2012, 2019, and 2022 variants, with no patch currently available. An adjacent network attacker requires only network proximity to exploit this vulnerability, making lateral movement within networked environments a significant risk.
Windows Kernel contains a race condition vulnerability enabling local privilege escalation through concurrent resource access with improper synchronization.
Windows SMB contains an improper access control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33073, CVSS 8.8) enabling authenticated attackers to escalate privileges over the network. KEV-listed with EPSS 57.6% and public PoC, this vulnerability in the core Windows file sharing protocol affects every Windows system on the network, enabling lateral movement from any compromised domain account to SYSTEM-level access on SMB-accessible systems.
Windows Internet Shortcut Files (.url) contain an external control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33053, CVSS 8.8) that enables remote code execution over a network. KEV-listed with EPSS 48.5% and public PoC, this vulnerability allows attackers to craft malicious .url files that execute arbitrary code when opened, bypassing the security restrictions normally applied to internet-sourced shortcut files.
In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation through a null pointer dereference, exploited in May 2025.
Windows CLFS Driver contains an input validation flaw enabling local privilege escalation, yet another CLFS kernel vulnerability in the May 2025 Patch Tuesday.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains another use-after-free for local privilege escalation, the latest in a series of CLFS kernel vulnerabilities exploited throughout 2023-2025.
Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM) contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation, exploited in the wild in May 2025 as another DWM zero-day.
Microsoft Scripting Engine contains a type confusion vulnerability allowing unauthorized remote code execution over the network through crafted content processed by the scripting engine.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation, exploited in the wild in April 2025. CLFS driver vulnerabilities have become a recurring Windows kernel exploit target.
A security feature bypass in Microsoft Management Console (MMC) allows attackers to evade security warnings and execute malicious code locally. KEV-listed and tracked as CVE-2025-26633, this vulnerability has been actively exploited by the Water Gamayun threat group (also tracked as EncryptHub) using crafted .msc files to deploy info-stealing malware. Public PoC is available and EPSS is 7.1%.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a heap-based buffer overflow enabling local privilege escalation to SYSTEM, exploited in the wild in February 2025.
Windows Storage contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability through symlink following that allows authorized attackers to delete targeted files, enabling privilege escalation.
Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a use-after-free vulnerability for local privilege escalation, the third of three Hyper-V zero-days exploited in January 2025.
Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a use-after-free vulnerability allowing local privilege escalation, the second of three Hyper-V zero-days in January 2025.
Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a heap-based buffer overflow allowing authorized local attackers to escalate privileges, one of three Hyper-V zero-days exploited in January 2025 Patch Tuesday.
Active Directory Domain Services contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability that allows authenticated domain users to escalate to domain administrator. The vulnerability enables lateral movement and complete domain compromise from any authenticated position within the Active Directory environment.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Task Scheduler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Authentication vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access.
NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Local tampering of the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver (CldFlt.sys) is possible because the driver exposes a critical function without adequate authentication checks, allowing a low-privileged local attacker to modify protected data or state that would normally require higher authorization. Affecting Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Windows Server 2019 through 2025 across a wide range of builds, the flaw yields a high integrity impact with no confidentiality or availability consequence. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing were identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches covering all affected versions.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave allows a locally authorized attacker to disclose protected enclave memory contents. Affected systems span Windows 11 versions 23H2 through 26H1 and Windows Server 2025; Microsoft has issued patched builds addressing the flaw. SSVC assessment places current exploitation at none with partial technical impact, consistent with the strictly local, non-automatable attack surface.
Buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the Windows Storage component exposes adjacent memory contents to a physically-present attacker across virtually the entire supported Windows product line, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2 and Server 2025. The CVSS vector (AV:P/UI:R) confirms exploitation requires both physical access to the target machine and user interaction to trigger the vulnerable code path, sharply constraining real-world attack surface. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows CD-ROM kernel-mode driver exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker with physical access across virtually every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 Version 26H1. The flaw (CWE-125) allows kernel memory disclosure - potentially including credentials or cryptographic material - when a crafted disc interaction or malformed IOCTL triggers a read beyond the intended buffer boundary. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Integer underflow (CWE-191) in the Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File enables remote unauthenticated attackers to disclose kernel-level information when a user interacts with a crafted resource, affecting all major Windows desktop and server releases from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The out-of-bounds read condition triggered by the wraparound arithmetic can expose high-confidentiality memory contents (C:H) with no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the CISA SSVC framework rates exploitation status as none and technical impact as partial, consistent with a disclosure-only profile.
Out-of-bounds read in the Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File driver (CWE-125) exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker with physical access to the target machine. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases, from build 10.0.17763 through current 25H2 and Server 2025 lines. No active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified; vendor-released patches are available via the July 2026 Microsoft Security Update.
Privilege escalation via untrusted pointer dereference in the Windows SCSI Class System File affects a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server releases, requiring physical access to trigger. An attacker with physical access to a target machine can connect a malicious SCSI device, causing the kernel-mode SCSI class driver to dereference an attacker-controlled pointer and elevate from unprivileged to full system (kernel) control. No public exploit and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; exploitation is constrained to physical proximity.
Use-after-free in Windows Distributed File System (DFS) enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the DFS service, resulting in denial of file-sharing access across affected Windows client and server versions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L) confirms network reachability but constrains exploitation to low-privilege authenticated accounts under high-complexity conditions. Microsoft has released patches covering the full affected range from Windows 10 1607 through Windows Server 2025; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows Boot Manager allows an unauthorized attacker with physical access to achieve full pre-OS system compromise, yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact across a sweeping range of Windows desktop and server editions. The root cause is a protection mechanism failure (CWE-693) in the boot-time security stack - consistent with a Secure Boot or early-launch integrity bypass - that an adversary can exploit without any prior authentication or system privileges once physical access is obtained. Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Local code execution in Windows DHCP Server affects all major Windows Server versions from 2012 through 2025, exploitable by an authorized attacker with high-level local privileges. The vulnerability stems from an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the DHCP Server role that, despite its read-class root cause, is confirmed by Microsoft to enable code execution - suggesting the OOB read yields a usable memory corruption primitive. Exploitation is substantially constrained by requiring local access, high attack complexity, and high privileges (PR:H/AC:H/AV:L), and no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified.
Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the Windows DHCP Server service permits a locally present, highly privileged attacker to achieve code execution on the host system. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:H) confirms this is not a remote or unauthenticated threat - exploitation requires an authorized administrator already present on the system with the DHCP Server role installed and under specific attack conditions. Microsoft has released patches covering Windows Server 2012 through 2025; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows GDI (Graphics Device Interface) exposes sensitive memory contents to local attackers across a wide range of Microsoft Windows desktop and server releases. When a user opens or previews a specially crafted file, the GDI subsystem reads beyond its intended buffer boundary (CWE-125), potentially leaking heap data or kernel address space layout pointers that can serve as ASLR-bypass primitives in chained exploit scenarios. No public exploit code has been identified and no CISA KEV listing exists; Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected versions.
Security feature bypass in Windows URL Moniker enables a remote, unauthenticated attacker to circumvent URL-based security controls across virtually all supported Windows versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. Rooted in improper resolution of path equivalence (CWE-41), the flaw allows crafted URL representations to evade security filters that would otherwise block access to restricted resources. Exploitation requires user interaction per the CVSS vector (UI:R) and yields only limited confidentiality impact (C:L) with no integrity or availability effects; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in the Windows Biometric Service exposes private personal information to locally authenticated, low-privilege attackers without requiring user interaction. The flaw, rooted in CWE-359, affects a broad swath of Windows versions from Server 2016 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, giving an authenticated local user unauthorized read access to biometric-related PII managed by the service. Microsoft has released patches across all affected version lines. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Storage Spaces kernel driver (Spaceport.sys) enables kernel-mode code execution through a physical attack, affecting nearly every supported Windows desktop and server release. The flaw carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 6.8 with a physical attack vector, meaning an adversary must have hands-on access to the target hardware to trigger the overflow. Microsoft has issued patches covering Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H2; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Partition Management Driver exposes sensitive kernel memory to locally authenticated low-privileged users across a wide swath of Windows client and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Exploitation is strictly local and requires an authorized user account, limiting blast radius to post-compromise or insider-threat scenarios. No public exploit code exists and SSVC classifies exploitation status as none, making this a lower operational priority despite the formally high confidentiality impact rating.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Installer (msiexec) enables local privilege escalation across a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases. An attacker with high-privileged local access can exploit this CWE-122 flaw to achieve full system-level code execution - compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability - making it a post-exploitation escalation primitive. Vendor-released patches are available; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via a double-free memory corruption bug in Windows Failover Cluster affects multiple Windows Server editions from Server 2012 through Server 2025, as well as Windows 10 versions 1607 and 1809. An authorized local attacker already holding high privileges can exploit heap corruption triggered by the double-free condition to achieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected system. No public exploit code has been identified and no CISA KEV listing exists; a vendor-released patch is available through the Microsoft Security Response Center.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS kernel driver allows an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to execute arbitrary code at kernel privilege on affected systems. The vulnerability spans nearly every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, and is triggered when the NTFS driver processes a specially crafted volume attached by an adversary. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches through its standard update channel.
Uninitialized kernel memory exposure in the Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem allows a local low-privileged attacker to read sensitive memory contents from the kernel address space. Exploitation requires only a valid local account and no user interaction, making it accessible to any authenticated user on affected Windows endpoints and servers. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft Windows releases - from Windows 10 version 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through the latest Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 builds - and is remediated via the July 2026 Microsoft security update cycle. No public exploit or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Search Component allows a local low-privileged authenticated user to disclose sensitive memory contents on the affected host. The flaw (CWE-125) spans an exceptionally broad Windows footprint, covering every major release from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches; no active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis.
Denial-of-service in Windows DNS Server allows unauthenticated network attackers to crash or hang the DNS service via a race condition in concurrent request handling. The vulnerability spans a broad range of Windows Server versions from Server 2012 through Server 2025, making it relevant across many enterprise environments. No public exploit exists and SSVC rates exploitation as none with non-automatable attack path, but successful exploitation would disrupt name resolution for all clients depending on the affected server.
Windows Compressed Folder's built-in ZIP handler on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 allows a network-adjacent attacker to craft a malicious archive exploiting NTFS hard link abuse (CWE-65) to read sensitive files outside the intended extraction path, resulting in high-confidentiality information disclosure. Exploitation requires victim interaction - the user must open or expand the crafted compressed archive in Windows Explorer - but no attacker authentication or special privileges are needed. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and a vendor-released patch is available via MSRC.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Spaceport.sys (the kernel-mode port driver for the Windows Storage Spaces subsystem) allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to disclose kernel memory contents under high-complexity conditions. The vulnerability spans virtually all supported Windows releases - from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - making the patch surface extremely wide. Microsoft has released fixes for all affected versions; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the Windows DHCP Server service enables an authorized local attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary code on affected Windows Server systems. The vulnerability spans Windows Server 2012 through 2025 as well as Windows 10 versions 1607 and 1809, and requires that the DHCP Server role be installed and running. Microsoft has released patches via the standard Windows Update channel; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) allows an attacker already holding high administrative privileges to further escalate to kernel-level or system-level access via untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822). The vulnerability affects a wide sweep of Windows releases - from Windows 10 version 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019 through Server 2025 - and is confirmed patched by Microsoft. The CVSS scope-change flag (S:C) indicates the exploit crosses privilege boundaries beyond the initially compromised component, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on subordinate system resources. No public exploit or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis.
Memory exhaustion via crafted DHCP packets in Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 allows an unauthenticated adjacent-network attacker to crash or degrade the DHCP client service. The root cause is CWE-401 (missing memory release after effective lifetime), meaning the DHCP client allocates memory when processing incoming DHCP messages but fails to free it, making the system vulnerable to progressive memory exhaustion. Impact is availability-only; no confidentiality or integrity breach is claimed. No public exploit or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Windows Kernel information disclosure affects virtually the entire active Windows ecosystem - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - enabling a low-privileged network attacker to obtain sensitive system-level information when a target user is induced to take a specific action. The flaw (CWE-497) involves the kernel exposing restricted internal data to an unauthorized control sphere over the network, producing high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability effect. Microsoft has released patches across all affected versions; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows DHCP Server enables an adjacent-network attacker with low privileges to crash the DHCP service, denying network address configuration to clients on the affected subnet. The flaw spans Windows Server 2012 through 2025, plus select Windows 10 builds, and carries a CVSS 5.7 Medium rating reflecting its adjacency constraint and authentication requirement. Microsoft has issued patches; no public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified.
Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the Windows DHCP Server service allows an authorized adjacent-network attacker to crash the DHCP service, causing a denial of service that disrupts IP address assignment for all clients depending on that server. The vulnerability affects a broad swath of Windows Server releases from 2012 through 2025 with the DHCP Server role installed. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches addressing all affected build lines.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Remote Desktop Licensing Service enables a locally authenticated user to disclose sensitive memory contents on affected systems. The vulnerability spans a broad range of Windows versions from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 client builds, all covered under Microsoft's patch release. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; with a CVSS of 5.5 and local-only attack vector, this is a moderate-severity information disclosure without integrity or availability impact.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Windows Remote Desktop Services (CWE-125) exposes arbitrary memory contents to a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker across virtually all supported Windows client and server releases. Affected versions span from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, making this one of Microsoft's broadest-surface patch-cycle disclosures. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches for all affected version branches.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver allows a low-privilege authenticated attacker to disclose sensitive memory contents over a network. Affected across a broad swath of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases from 2019 through 2025, this vulnerability requires victim user interaction (UI:R) to trigger, likely via a specially crafted NTFS volume or file accessed over a network path such as an SMB share. Impact is limited to confidentiality (C:H, I:N, A:N); no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches addressing all listed affected versions.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS kernel driver enables an unauthenticated attacker with physical device access to execute arbitrary code at kernel privilege level. Affected products span virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem from Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1. Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected versions; no active exploitation has been identified (not in CISA KEV) and no public proof-of-concept exploit is known at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows RNDIS (Remote Network Driver Interface Specification) driver allows a physically present, unauthenticated attacker to disclose heap memory contents. Exploitation requires direct physical access to the target device, as the attacker must connect a malicious USB RNDIS device to trigger the overflow. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, making real-world risk low outside of targeted physical attacks.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows USB Mass Storage Class Driver exposes kernel memory to locally authenticated attackers across a broad swath of Windows releases, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. The CWE-125 flaw allows an authorized low-privilege user to read beyond an allocated buffer in the driver, potentially leaking sensitive memory contents including kernel addresses or credentials cached in driver memory. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though Microsoft has released patches across all affected build trains.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (ntfs.sys) exposes kernel or process memory to a locally authenticated low-privilege attacker across a wide range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability (CWE-125) is triggered locally without requiring user interaction, and the CVSS vector confirms confidentiality impact is high while integrity and availability are unaffected. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds via its cumulative update channel.
Memory exhaustion in the Windows DHCP Server role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 allows a low-privileged network-authenticated attacker to crash or render the DHCP service unresponsive, denying IP address assignment to all network clients. The root cause (CWE-401) is a failure to release allocated memory after its effective lifetime during DHCP request processing, enabling gradual heap exhaustion. Microsoft has released patches for all affected builds; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via out-of-bounds read in the Windows USB Mass Storage Class Driver affects virtually every supported Windows release, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. An attacker with physical access to the target machine can connect a specially crafted USB storage device to trigger the kernel-mode memory flaw, potentially achieving complete system compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H per CVSS). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches covering all affected version branches.
Privilege escalation to SYSTEM in the Windows USB Audio Class driver (usbaudio.sys) is achievable by an attacker with physical device access who connects a specially crafted USB audio device. The integer overflow in the driver's input-handling logic produces an undersized heap allocation, enabling a subsequent heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that corrupts kernel memory and permits arbitrary code execution at elevated privilege. The vulnerability spans a wide swath of supported Windows releases - from Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 - making the patch surface broad. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows kernel-mode USB driver stack allows a locally authenticated low-privilege attacker to disclose arbitrary kernel memory contents on virtually every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The CVSS 5.5 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) reflects straightforward local exploitation with high confidentiality impact but no integrity or availability loss. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available from Microsoft.
Privilege escalation in Windows DHCP Server allows an already-authorized (high-privilege) network attacker to gain further elevated privileges by exploiting a missing authentication check on a critical server function (CWE-306). The vulnerability spans nearly every supported Windows Server release from 2012 through 2025, as well as Windows 10 1607/1809. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has issued patches across all affected builds.
Sensitive kernel-level system information is exposed to an unauthorized control sphere in the Windows Kernel, enabling any low-privileged local user to read data they should not have access to - a classic KASLR-defeating information disclosure. The flaw (CWE-497) spans an exceptionally wide range of affected platforms, from Windows 10 Version 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry exists at time of analysis, but this class of kernel information disclosure is routinely chained with privilege-escalation exploits to defeat kernel address randomization.
Memory exhaustion in Windows DHCP Server enables an authorized attacker on the adjacent network to crash or degrade the DHCP service via repeated triggering of a CWE-401 memory leak. The vulnerability affects the Windows Server DHCP Server role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations. Exploitation requires low-privilege adjacency and results exclusively in availability loss - no confidentiality or integrity impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available.
Remote code execution in Windows LSASS (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service) on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 stems from a use-after-free memory vulnerability exploitable by authenticated attackers over the network. An attacker with valid credentials can trigger the flaw to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges, achieving complete system compromise. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems vulnerable until Microsoft releases a security update.
Windows Hello privilege escalation on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2019 allows local attackers without credentials to tamper with system integrity through incorrect privilege assignment. The vulnerability requires local access but no user interaction, enabling unauthorized modifications to protected resources. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue affecting multiple Windows versions.
Windows Kerberos authentication in multiple Windows versions accepts untrusted input during security decisions, enabling authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges without user interaction. The vulnerability affects Windows 10 (versions 1607 and 1809), Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2025, with no patch currently available. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this to gain elevated system access across the network.
Privilege escalation via race condition in Windows SMB Server affects Windows 10 21h2, Windows 11 25h2, and Windows Server 2022 23h2, allowing authenticated attackers to gain elevated privileges over the network. The vulnerability stems from improper synchronization when handling concurrent access to shared resources, and no patch is currently available. With a CVSS score of 7.5, this poses a significant risk to organizations using affected Windows versions.
Windows Clipboard Server contains a use-after-free vulnerability affecting Windows 10 (versions 21H2 and 1809) and Windows Server 2022 (23H2) that enables local privilege escalation without requiring user interaction. An attacker with local access can exploit this memory safety flaw to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Local privilege escalation in Windows RRAS affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022, allowing authenticated users to gain system-level access through improper access control mechanisms. An attacker with local user credentials can exploit this vulnerability to obtain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk until Microsoft releases a security update.
Use after free in Windows DWM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. [CVSS 7.0 HIGH]
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Local code execution in Windows Media affects Windows 11 25h2, Windows Server 2019, and Windows Server 2025 through a heap buffer overflow that requires user interaction to trigger. An attacker with local access can exploit this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution with full system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel on Windows 11 and Linux systems results from improper synchronization of concurrent access to shared resources, allowing authenticated local attackers to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires specific timing conditions to exploit but impacts multiple Windows versions and Linux distributions. No patch is currently available for this race condition vulnerability.
Privileged local attackers can exploit a use-after-free vulnerability in the Windows RPC IDL subsystem to gain system-level code execution on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2022 systems. The vulnerability requires local access and valid credentials but allows complete compromise of the target system with no user interaction required. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (afd.sys) lets an authorized low-privileged user win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use race to elevate to SYSTEM across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025). Exploitation requires local code execution and reliably winning a narrow timing window, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile) and the CVE is not in CISA KEV, indicating no evidence of active exploitation.
Privilege escalation in Windows Server 2025 Capability Access Management Service stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, enabling authenticated local users to gain elevated privileges. The race condition requires specific timing conditions but no patch is currently available, leaving affected systems vulnerable to privilege escalation attacks by authorized local users.
Local privilege escalation in the Tablet Windows User Interface (TWINUI) subsystem of Microsoft Windows lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user win a race condition (CWE-362) to gain higher privileges. The flaw spans a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Windows Server 2016 through 2025) and, per its high-integrity/high-confidentiality/high-availability impact, can yield full SYSTEM-level control on a compromised host. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS rates near-term mass exploitation as very low (0.03%).
Privilege escalation in Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 11 25h2 and Windows Server 2019 exploits a use-after-free condition, enabling authenticated local attackers to gain elevated system privileges. The vulnerability requires moderate complexity to exploit and affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. No patch is currently available.
Heap buffer overflow in Windows Common Log File System Driver (affecting Windows 10 1607, Server 2016, and Server 2022 23h2) enables authenticated local users to achieve complete system compromise through privilege escalation. The vulnerability requires valid credentials but no user interaction, making it a direct path to administrative control for insiders or attackers with initial access. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems at elevated risk pending remediation.
Windows Error Reporting on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 fails to properly validate user privileges, enabling local authenticated users to escalate to system-level access. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this permission handling flaw to gain full control over the affected system. Currently no patch is available for this high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 7.8).
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Installer (msiexec/Windows Installer service) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race and gain SYSTEM-level privileges across supported Windows client and server releases. Exploitation requires local access and winning a narrow timing window, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile), reflecting the high attack complexity and lack of observed exploitation.
Privilege escalation in Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 Capability Access Management Service stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, enabling a local authenticated attacker to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability exploits a race condition that can be triggered without user interaction, though successful exploitation requires specific timing and system conditions. No patch is currently available for this high-severity issue.
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel affects Linux, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 10 1607 through a race condition in shared resource synchronization. A local authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K (ICOMP) via type confusion allows authenticated users to gain system-level access on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability affects multiple recent Windows versions with no available patch, requiring immediate mitigation strategies for at-risk environments. Exploitation requires local access but no user interaction, making it a significant risk for multi-user systems.
Privilege escalation in Windows Kernel Memory affects Windows 10 21h2 and Windows Server 2022 23h2, exploitable by local authenticated users through a race condition between permission checks and memory access. An attacker with local access can leverage this window to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available.
Privilege escalation in Windows Printer Association Object affects Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022/2025 through a race condition in shared resource access. An authenticated local attacker can exploit improper synchronization to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Desktop Windows Manager on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 leaks sensitive information to local authenticated users, enabling disclosure of confidential data without modifying or disrupting system functionality. This vulnerability is confirmed actively exploited and affects multiple Windows versions with no patch currently available. An authorized attacker can exploit this with minimal complexity to extract sensitive information from the system.
Windows Hello privilege elevation flaw in Windows 10 21h2, Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2022 23h2 enables local attackers to modify system data without authorization. The vulnerability stems from improper privilege assignment that bypasses access controls, allowing an unauthenticated attacker with local access to tamper with protected resources. Currently no patch is available and exploitation requires only local access with no special conditions or user interaction.
Windows Deployment Services contains improper access control that enables unauthenticated attackers on an adjacent network to execute arbitrary code with high privileges on affected Windows and Windows Server systems. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Server 2012, 2019, and 2022 variants, with no patch currently available. An adjacent network attacker requires only network proximity to exploit this vulnerability, making lateral movement within networked environments a significant risk.
Windows Kernel contains a race condition vulnerability enabling local privilege escalation through concurrent resource access with improper synchronization.
Windows SMB contains an improper access control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33073, CVSS 8.8) enabling authenticated attackers to escalate privileges over the network. KEV-listed with EPSS 57.6% and public PoC, this vulnerability in the core Windows file sharing protocol affects every Windows system on the network, enabling lateral movement from any compromised domain account to SYSTEM-level access on SMB-accessible systems.
Windows Internet Shortcut Files (.url) contain an external control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33053, CVSS 8.8) that enables remote code execution over a network. KEV-listed with EPSS 48.5% and public PoC, this vulnerability allows attackers to craft malicious .url files that execute arbitrary code when opened, bypassing the security restrictions normally applied to internet-sourced shortcut files.
In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation through a null pointer dereference, exploited in May 2025.
Windows CLFS Driver contains an input validation flaw enabling local privilege escalation, yet another CLFS kernel vulnerability in the May 2025 Patch Tuesday.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains another use-after-free for local privilege escalation, the latest in a series of CLFS kernel vulnerabilities exploited throughout 2023-2025.
Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM) contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation, exploited in the wild in May 2025 as another DWM zero-day.
Microsoft Scripting Engine contains a type confusion vulnerability allowing unauthorized remote code execution over the network through crafted content processed by the scripting engine.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation, exploited in the wild in April 2025. CLFS driver vulnerabilities have become a recurring Windows kernel exploit target.
A security feature bypass in Microsoft Management Console (MMC) allows attackers to evade security warnings and execute malicious code locally. KEV-listed and tracked as CVE-2025-26633, this vulnerability has been actively exploited by the Water Gamayun threat group (also tracked as EncryptHub) using crafted .msc files to deploy info-stealing malware. Public PoC is available and EPSS is 7.1%.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a heap-based buffer overflow enabling local privilege escalation to SYSTEM, exploited in the wild in February 2025.
Windows Storage contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability through symlink following that allows authorized attackers to delete targeted files, enabling privilege escalation.
Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a use-after-free vulnerability for local privilege escalation, the third of three Hyper-V zero-days exploited in January 2025.
Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a use-after-free vulnerability allowing local privilege escalation, the second of three Hyper-V zero-days in January 2025.
Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a heap-based buffer overflow allowing authorized local attackers to escalate privileges, one of three Hyper-V zero-days exploited in January 2025 Patch Tuesday.
Active Directory Domain Services contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability that allows authenticated domain users to escalate to domain administrator. The vulnerability enables lateral movement and complete domain compromise from any authenticated position within the Active Directory environment.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Task Scheduler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Authentication vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access.
NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Local tampering of the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver (CldFlt.sys) is possible because the driver exposes a critical function without adequate authentication checks, allowing a low-privileged local attacker to modify protected data or state that would normally require higher authorization. Affecting Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Windows Server 2019 through 2025 across a wide range of builds, the flaw yields a high integrity impact with no confidentiality or availability consequence. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing were identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches covering all affected versions.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave allows a locally authorized attacker to disclose protected enclave memory contents. Affected systems span Windows 11 versions 23H2 through 26H1 and Windows Server 2025; Microsoft has issued patched builds addressing the flaw. SSVC assessment places current exploitation at none with partial technical impact, consistent with the strictly local, non-automatable attack surface.
Buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the Windows Storage component exposes adjacent memory contents to a physically-present attacker across virtually the entire supported Windows product line, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2 and Server 2025. The CVSS vector (AV:P/UI:R) confirms exploitation requires both physical access to the target machine and user interaction to trigger the vulnerable code path, sharply constraining real-world attack surface. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows CD-ROM kernel-mode driver exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker with physical access across virtually every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 Version 26H1. The flaw (CWE-125) allows kernel memory disclosure - potentially including credentials or cryptographic material - when a crafted disc interaction or malformed IOCTL triggers a read beyond the intended buffer boundary. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Integer underflow (CWE-191) in the Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File enables remote unauthenticated attackers to disclose kernel-level information when a user interacts with a crafted resource, affecting all major Windows desktop and server releases from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The out-of-bounds read condition triggered by the wraparound arithmetic can expose high-confidentiality memory contents (C:H) with no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the CISA SSVC framework rates exploitation status as none and technical impact as partial, consistent with a disclosure-only profile.
Out-of-bounds read in the Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File driver (CWE-125) exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker with physical access to the target machine. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases, from build 10.0.17763 through current 25H2 and Server 2025 lines. No active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified; vendor-released patches are available via the July 2026 Microsoft Security Update.
Privilege escalation via untrusted pointer dereference in the Windows SCSI Class System File affects a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server releases, requiring physical access to trigger. An attacker with physical access to a target machine can connect a malicious SCSI device, causing the kernel-mode SCSI class driver to dereference an attacker-controlled pointer and elevate from unprivileged to full system (kernel) control. No public exploit and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; exploitation is constrained to physical proximity.
Use-after-free in Windows Distributed File System (DFS) enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the DFS service, resulting in denial of file-sharing access across affected Windows client and server versions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L) confirms network reachability but constrains exploitation to low-privilege authenticated accounts under high-complexity conditions. Microsoft has released patches covering the full affected range from Windows 10 1607 through Windows Server 2025; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows Boot Manager allows an unauthorized attacker with physical access to achieve full pre-OS system compromise, yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact across a sweeping range of Windows desktop and server editions. The root cause is a protection mechanism failure (CWE-693) in the boot-time security stack - consistent with a Secure Boot or early-launch integrity bypass - that an adversary can exploit without any prior authentication or system privileges once physical access is obtained. Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Local code execution in Windows DHCP Server affects all major Windows Server versions from 2012 through 2025, exploitable by an authorized attacker with high-level local privileges. The vulnerability stems from an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the DHCP Server role that, despite its read-class root cause, is confirmed by Microsoft to enable code execution - suggesting the OOB read yields a usable memory corruption primitive. Exploitation is substantially constrained by requiring local access, high attack complexity, and high privileges (PR:H/AC:H/AV:L), and no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified.
Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the Windows DHCP Server service permits a locally present, highly privileged attacker to achieve code execution on the host system. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:H) confirms this is not a remote or unauthenticated threat - exploitation requires an authorized administrator already present on the system with the DHCP Server role installed and under specific attack conditions. Microsoft has released patches covering Windows Server 2012 through 2025; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows GDI (Graphics Device Interface) exposes sensitive memory contents to local attackers across a wide range of Microsoft Windows desktop and server releases. When a user opens or previews a specially crafted file, the GDI subsystem reads beyond its intended buffer boundary (CWE-125), potentially leaking heap data or kernel address space layout pointers that can serve as ASLR-bypass primitives in chained exploit scenarios. No public exploit code has been identified and no CISA KEV listing exists; Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected versions.
Security feature bypass in Windows URL Moniker enables a remote, unauthenticated attacker to circumvent URL-based security controls across virtually all supported Windows versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. Rooted in improper resolution of path equivalence (CWE-41), the flaw allows crafted URL representations to evade security filters that would otherwise block access to restricted resources. Exploitation requires user interaction per the CVSS vector (UI:R) and yields only limited confidentiality impact (C:L) with no integrity or availability effects; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in the Windows Biometric Service exposes private personal information to locally authenticated, low-privilege attackers without requiring user interaction. The flaw, rooted in CWE-359, affects a broad swath of Windows versions from Server 2016 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, giving an authenticated local user unauthorized read access to biometric-related PII managed by the service. Microsoft has released patches across all affected version lines. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Storage Spaces kernel driver (Spaceport.sys) enables kernel-mode code execution through a physical attack, affecting nearly every supported Windows desktop and server release. The flaw carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 6.8 with a physical attack vector, meaning an adversary must have hands-on access to the target hardware to trigger the overflow. Microsoft has issued patches covering Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H2; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Partition Management Driver exposes sensitive kernel memory to locally authenticated low-privileged users across a wide swath of Windows client and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Exploitation is strictly local and requires an authorized user account, limiting blast radius to post-compromise or insider-threat scenarios. No public exploit code exists and SSVC classifies exploitation status as none, making this a lower operational priority despite the formally high confidentiality impact rating.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Installer (msiexec) enables local privilege escalation across a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases. An attacker with high-privileged local access can exploit this CWE-122 flaw to achieve full system-level code execution - compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability - making it a post-exploitation escalation primitive. Vendor-released patches are available; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via a double-free memory corruption bug in Windows Failover Cluster affects multiple Windows Server editions from Server 2012 through Server 2025, as well as Windows 10 versions 1607 and 1809. An authorized local attacker already holding high privileges can exploit heap corruption triggered by the double-free condition to achieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected system. No public exploit code has been identified and no CISA KEV listing exists; a vendor-released patch is available through the Microsoft Security Response Center.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS kernel driver allows an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to execute arbitrary code at kernel privilege on affected systems. The vulnerability spans nearly every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, and is triggered when the NTFS driver processes a specially crafted volume attached by an adversary. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches through its standard update channel.
Uninitialized kernel memory exposure in the Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem allows a local low-privileged attacker to read sensitive memory contents from the kernel address space. Exploitation requires only a valid local account and no user interaction, making it accessible to any authenticated user on affected Windows endpoints and servers. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft Windows releases - from Windows 10 version 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through the latest Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 builds - and is remediated via the July 2026 Microsoft security update cycle. No public exploit or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Search Component allows a local low-privileged authenticated user to disclose sensitive memory contents on the affected host. The flaw (CWE-125) spans an exceptionally broad Windows footprint, covering every major release from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches; no active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis.
Denial-of-service in Windows DNS Server allows unauthenticated network attackers to crash or hang the DNS service via a race condition in concurrent request handling. The vulnerability spans a broad range of Windows Server versions from Server 2012 through Server 2025, making it relevant across many enterprise environments. No public exploit exists and SSVC rates exploitation as none with non-automatable attack path, but successful exploitation would disrupt name resolution for all clients depending on the affected server.
Windows Compressed Folder's built-in ZIP handler on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 allows a network-adjacent attacker to craft a malicious archive exploiting NTFS hard link abuse (CWE-65) to read sensitive files outside the intended extraction path, resulting in high-confidentiality information disclosure. Exploitation requires victim interaction - the user must open or expand the crafted compressed archive in Windows Explorer - but no attacker authentication or special privileges are needed. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and a vendor-released patch is available via MSRC.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Spaceport.sys (the kernel-mode port driver for the Windows Storage Spaces subsystem) allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to disclose kernel memory contents under high-complexity conditions. The vulnerability spans virtually all supported Windows releases - from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - making the patch surface extremely wide. Microsoft has released fixes for all affected versions; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the Windows DHCP Server service enables an authorized local attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary code on affected Windows Server systems. The vulnerability spans Windows Server 2012 through 2025 as well as Windows 10 versions 1607 and 1809, and requires that the DHCP Server role be installed and running. Microsoft has released patches via the standard Windows Update channel; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) allows an attacker already holding high administrative privileges to further escalate to kernel-level or system-level access via untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822). The vulnerability affects a wide sweep of Windows releases - from Windows 10 version 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019 through Server 2025 - and is confirmed patched by Microsoft. The CVSS scope-change flag (S:C) indicates the exploit crosses privilege boundaries beyond the initially compromised component, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on subordinate system resources. No public exploit or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis.
Memory exhaustion via crafted DHCP packets in Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 allows an unauthenticated adjacent-network attacker to crash or degrade the DHCP client service. The root cause is CWE-401 (missing memory release after effective lifetime), meaning the DHCP client allocates memory when processing incoming DHCP messages but fails to free it, making the system vulnerable to progressive memory exhaustion. Impact is availability-only; no confidentiality or integrity breach is claimed. No public exploit or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Windows Kernel information disclosure affects virtually the entire active Windows ecosystem - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - enabling a low-privileged network attacker to obtain sensitive system-level information when a target user is induced to take a specific action. The flaw (CWE-497) involves the kernel exposing restricted internal data to an unauthorized control sphere over the network, producing high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability effect. Microsoft has released patches across all affected versions; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows DHCP Server enables an adjacent-network attacker with low privileges to crash the DHCP service, denying network address configuration to clients on the affected subnet. The flaw spans Windows Server 2012 through 2025, plus select Windows 10 builds, and carries a CVSS 5.7 Medium rating reflecting its adjacency constraint and authentication requirement. Microsoft has issued patches; no public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified.
Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the Windows DHCP Server service allows an authorized adjacent-network attacker to crash the DHCP service, causing a denial of service that disrupts IP address assignment for all clients depending on that server. The vulnerability affects a broad swath of Windows Server releases from 2012 through 2025 with the DHCP Server role installed. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches addressing all affected build lines.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Remote Desktop Licensing Service enables a locally authenticated user to disclose sensitive memory contents on affected systems. The vulnerability spans a broad range of Windows versions from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 client builds, all covered under Microsoft's patch release. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; with a CVSS of 5.5 and local-only attack vector, this is a moderate-severity information disclosure without integrity or availability impact.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Windows Remote Desktop Services (CWE-125) exposes arbitrary memory contents to a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker across virtually all supported Windows client and server releases. Affected versions span from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, making this one of Microsoft's broadest-surface patch-cycle disclosures. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches for all affected version branches.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver allows a low-privilege authenticated attacker to disclose sensitive memory contents over a network. Affected across a broad swath of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases from 2019 through 2025, this vulnerability requires victim user interaction (UI:R) to trigger, likely via a specially crafted NTFS volume or file accessed over a network path such as an SMB share. Impact is limited to confidentiality (C:H, I:N, A:N); no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches addressing all listed affected versions.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS kernel driver enables an unauthenticated attacker with physical device access to execute arbitrary code at kernel privilege level. Affected products span virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem from Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1. Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected versions; no active exploitation has been identified (not in CISA KEV) and no public proof-of-concept exploit is known at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows RNDIS (Remote Network Driver Interface Specification) driver allows a physically present, unauthenticated attacker to disclose heap memory contents. Exploitation requires direct physical access to the target device, as the attacker must connect a malicious USB RNDIS device to trigger the overflow. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, making real-world risk low outside of targeted physical attacks.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows USB Mass Storage Class Driver exposes kernel memory to locally authenticated attackers across a broad swath of Windows releases, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. The CWE-125 flaw allows an authorized low-privilege user to read beyond an allocated buffer in the driver, potentially leaking sensitive memory contents including kernel addresses or credentials cached in driver memory. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though Microsoft has released patches across all affected build trains.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (ntfs.sys) exposes kernel or process memory to a locally authenticated low-privilege attacker across a wide range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability (CWE-125) is triggered locally without requiring user interaction, and the CVSS vector confirms confidentiality impact is high while integrity and availability are unaffected. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds via its cumulative update channel.
Memory exhaustion in the Windows DHCP Server role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 allows a low-privileged network-authenticated attacker to crash or render the DHCP service unresponsive, denying IP address assignment to all network clients. The root cause (CWE-401) is a failure to release allocated memory after its effective lifetime during DHCP request processing, enabling gradual heap exhaustion. Microsoft has released patches for all affected builds; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via out-of-bounds read in the Windows USB Mass Storage Class Driver affects virtually every supported Windows release, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. An attacker with physical access to the target machine can connect a specially crafted USB storage device to trigger the kernel-mode memory flaw, potentially achieving complete system compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H per CVSS). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches covering all affected version branches.
Privilege escalation to SYSTEM in the Windows USB Audio Class driver (usbaudio.sys) is achievable by an attacker with physical device access who connects a specially crafted USB audio device. The integer overflow in the driver's input-handling logic produces an undersized heap allocation, enabling a subsequent heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that corrupts kernel memory and permits arbitrary code execution at elevated privilege. The vulnerability spans a wide swath of supported Windows releases - from Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 - making the patch surface broad. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows kernel-mode USB driver stack allows a locally authenticated low-privilege attacker to disclose arbitrary kernel memory contents on virtually every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The CVSS 5.5 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) reflects straightforward local exploitation with high confidentiality impact but no integrity or availability loss. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available from Microsoft.
Privilege escalation in Windows DHCP Server allows an already-authorized (high-privilege) network attacker to gain further elevated privileges by exploiting a missing authentication check on a critical server function (CWE-306). The vulnerability spans nearly every supported Windows Server release from 2012 through 2025, as well as Windows 10 1607/1809. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has issued patches across all affected builds.
Sensitive kernel-level system information is exposed to an unauthorized control sphere in the Windows Kernel, enabling any low-privileged local user to read data they should not have access to - a classic KASLR-defeating information disclosure. The flaw (CWE-497) spans an exceptionally wide range of affected platforms, from Windows 10 Version 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry exists at time of analysis, but this class of kernel information disclosure is routinely chained with privilege-escalation exploits to defeat kernel address randomization.
Memory exhaustion in Windows DHCP Server enables an authorized attacker on the adjacent network to crash or degrade the DHCP service via repeated triggering of a CWE-401 memory leak. The vulnerability affects the Windows Server DHCP Server role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations. Exploitation requires low-privilege adjacency and results exclusively in availability loss - no confidentiality or integrity impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available.