Windows 10 21h2
Monthly
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (udfs.sys) enables local privilege escalation to SYSTEM across a broad sweep of Windows client and server versions. An authenticated low-privileged local attacker can trigger the overflow through UDFS volume parsing, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the target system (CVSS 7.8, C:H/I:H/A:H). Microsoft has released corrective security updates across all affected product lines; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows TCP/IP kernel stack lets an authenticated attacker who already holds low privileges on a reachable host corrupt kernel memory over the network and escalate to SYSTEM, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity and availability. Exploitation hinges on winning a use-after-free race in tcpip.sys, which is why the vector carries AC:H and CISA SSVC rates the issue as not automatable with no observed exploitation; EPSS is 0.65 percent (49th percentile), and no public exploit was identified at time of analysis. All in-support Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2019, 2022 and 2025 builds below the vendor's fixed revisions are affected, and Microsoft has released patches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Biometric Service (WbioSrvc) allows a low-privileged authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level control via a heap-based buffer overflow triggered by an integer overflow or wraparound. The flaw affects a wide sweep of Windows releases - from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 - making the attack surface nearly universal across modern Windows deployments. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but vendor patch is available and should be prioritized given the full C:H/I:H/A:H impact after a successful escalation.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Broadcast DVR User Service allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to gain full system control via a use-after-free memory corruption bug. The vulnerability affects a wide swath of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016/2019 builds, with Microsoft releasing patches across all affected branches. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but local LPE vulnerabilities of this class are routinely incorporated into post-exploitation toolchains following initial access.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Link Layer Topology Discovery Protocol (LLTD) implementation enables unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected Windows systems via crafted network-layer frames. The flaw (CWE-122) spans nearly the entire supported Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 through Windows 11 and from Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches across all affected product lines; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows HID (Human Interface Device) class kernel driver enables local privilege escalation from a standard user account to SYSTEM-level code execution. All supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 builds are affected, giving this vulnerability an exceptionally broad surface across virtually every enterprise Windows fleet. Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Biometric Service (WbioSrvc) enables a network-based privilege escalation by an authenticated low-privilege attacker who can trigger user interaction. The vulnerability (CWE-122) spans a broad swath of Microsoft's supported Windows ecosystem, from Windows 10 version 1607 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Exploitation results in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the target system. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Hello across multiple Windows 10 and 11 versions allows an authorized low-privileged local attacker to gain full system control via a double-free memory corruption vulnerability (CWE-415). Affected builds span Windows 10 21H2/22H2 through Windows 11 26H1. Microsoft has released patched builds via the standard update channel. No public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified at time of analysis.
Elevation of privilege in Windows Group Policy allows an attacker who already holds valid low-privilege credentials on a network-reachable machine to run code at high integrity/SYSTEM level by inducing an untrusted pointer dereference in the policy-processing component. Unpatched Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (including Server Core installations) builds are affected, with builds below the fixed revision for each product line remaining exposed. Exploitation is unconfirmed: no public exploit code and no KEV listing exist, SSVC records Exploitation: none and Automatable: no, and EPSS is only 0.70% (51st percentile) - this is a genuinely serious but not top-tier-urgent issue, with the low-privilege authentication prerequisite (PR:L, AV:N) as the principal limiting factor.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DirectShow media framework arises from an out-of-bounds memory condition (classed as heap overflow, CWE-122) that lets a remote attacker run arbitrary code when a victim system processes maliciously crafted media. It affects the DirectShow component across nearly all supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10/11, Server 2012 through Server 2025). Microsoft self-reported and has shipped patches; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Privilege elevation on unpatched Windows hosts is achievable by a network-positioned attacker who already holds low-privilege credentials, exploiting a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the Windows Device Association Service; with CVSS 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) the primitive yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact with no user interaction, though it is a post-foothold escalation rather than a remote entry point. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, CISA SSVC records Exploitation='none' and Automatable='no', and EPSS is modest at 0.85% (56th percentile), so this is a genuine patch-priority item rather than an emergency. Microsoft has published vendor patches for every affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server build, making remediation a straightforward monthly-update action.
Use-after-free in the Windows Device Association Service enables a local low-privileged attacker to escalate to full system-level privileges across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The vulnerability stems from improper memory management in the service responsible for pairing devices, where a freed memory region can be reused to redirect execution. Microsoft has released patches addressing all affected builds; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing is recorded at time of analysis, though the high-complexity (AC:H) requirement means reliable exploitation demands careful timing or race-condition abuse.
Privilege escalation in Windows Hello on Windows 10 and 11 allows an authorized local attacker to elevate privileges beyond their current security boundary by exploiting a race condition in a shared resource. The vulnerability requires high initial privileges and high attack complexity due to race timing constraints, but successful exploitation yields scope-changed full C:H/I:H/A:H impact - consistent with SYSTEM-level compromise. Microsoft has released cumulative updates for all affected Windows 10 and Windows 11 builds; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code, most likely escalating to SYSTEM-level privileges. The vulnerability (CWE-122) affects an extraordinarily wide range of Microsoft Windows releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all current feature releases, making the aggregate exposed population very large. No public exploit code or CISA KEV active-exploitation listing has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch is available via Microsoft MSRC.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free (CWE-416) in the Windows Web Platform Storage component affects Windows 10, 11, and multiple Windows Server releases. An authenticated local user with standard (low) privileges can exploit a race condition in memory management to achieve full local system compromise - gaining high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows versions across the enterprise install base makes patch prioritization essential.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows USB Audio Class driver (usbaudio.sys) allows a low-privileged authenticated user to gain full system control via an integer overflow. The flaw affects an exceptionally broad range of Windows releases, spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) and breadth of affected systems make this a meaningful enterprise patching priority.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel component allows an attacker who already holds low-privileged execution on a target host (PR:L) to corrupt kernel memory and escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges. Microsoft rates the flaw CVSS 7.5 (HIGH) with vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, although our assessment reads the practical attack vector as local (AV:L); in either reading the precondition is existing code execution on the box, making this a post-compromise escalation primitive rather than a remotely reachable entry point, and the high attack complexity means a race condition or specific heap/object state must be won reliably. Affected are unpatched Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2 through 26H1) and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 builds below the fixed build numbers published by Microsoft; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, no CISA KEV listing, and EPSS is low at 0.44% (37th percentile), so near-term exploitation risk is driven by targeted, post-access actors rather than mass scanning.
Privilege escalation in Windows IP Address Management (IPAM) allows an authenticated local user on any of a broad range of unpatched Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server releases to obtain full system-level control by supplying a crafted serialized payload to the IPAM service. The vulnerability is rooted in CWE-502 (Deserialization of Untrusted Data) and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.0 under a local, high-complexity attack vector with full C:H/I:H/A:H impact. No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV and no public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis, but the complete impact triad makes successful exploitation severely damaging on any affected host.
Use-after-free (UAF) in the Windows Device Association Broker service enables a local, low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM or higher on a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The vulnerability (CWE-416) is consistent with a race condition in the Broker's memory management, as reflected by the AC:H metric, and exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches across all affected build streams.
Use-after-free memory corruption in Windows Audio Service enables local privilege escalation across the full Windows ecosystem, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and all supported Windows Server releases from 2012 through 2025. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) confirms a locally authenticated attacker must navigate high-complexity exploit conditions - likely a race or timing attack on the audio service's memory lifecycle - before achieving full C:H/I:H/A:H impact, including arbitrary code execution at elevated privilege. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches for all listed affected builds.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Spaceport.sys, the Windows kernel driver for the Storage Spaces subsystem, allows a low-privileged authenticated local user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on affected Windows hosts. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft Windows releases, from Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 Version 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches across all affected build tracks; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Memory-safety corruption in the Windows Win32K kernel-mode component lets an attacker who already holds low-privileged code execution on a target host escalate to full kernel/SYSTEM privileges, with the vendor rating it CVSS 8.8 on a C:H/I:H/A:H impact profile. All supported Windows 10 builds (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 builds (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2019, 2022 and 2025 (including Server Core) below Microsoft's patched revisions are affected, since Win32K is present in every default installation. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, the issue is not listed in CISA KEV (SSVC: Exploitation none, Automatable no, Technical Impact total), and EPSS is 0.77% (53rd percentile), so risk is currently driven by the severity of the primitive rather than observed activity.
Privilege escalation on unpatched Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server systems is possible through a heap-based buffer overflow in the Encrypting File System (EFS), which a low-privileged authenticated account can reach over the network to gain SYSTEM-level code execution. Exploitation is constrained by high attack complexity (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), implying a race condition or precise heap grooming rather than a deterministic one-shot trigger, and no user interaction is required. There is no evidence of active exploitation and no public exploit identified at time of analysis; CISA SSVC records Exploitation as 'none' and Automatable as 'no', and EPSS is a low 0.57% (45th percentile) despite the total technical impact score. Microsoft has released fixes, so the residual risk is concentrated on systems that remain unpatched.
Privilege escalation via integer underflow in Windows USB Audio Class driver (usbaudio.sys) allows a local low-privileged user to gain SYSTEM-level access across virtually the entire Windows ecosystem. The flaw spans Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, making it a broad-surface local elevation-of-privilege issue. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Kerberos implementation enables a local low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM-level, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected host. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Windows versions - from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1 - making the exposure surface very broad. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows Host Guardian Service (HGS) allows a low-privileged local attacker to gain SYSTEM-level access through a use-after-free memory corruption triggered by a race condition. Affected products span Windows 10 and 11 client editions alongside Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2025, covering a broad enterprise and consumer Windows footprint across multiple build lines. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver permits an attacker who already holds low-privilege authenticated access (PR:L) to send a crafted request over the network (AV:N, no user interaction) and gain elevated privileges, with total confidentiality, integrity and availability impact per the CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). All supported Windows client and server branches are in scope - Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 - so unpatched pre-fix builds represent the realistic exposure window. Risk is tempered by the requirement for a valid foothold/credentials and by CISA SSVC rating the issue non-automatable with no observed exploitation; EPSS is a modest 0.77% (53rd percentile) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, though vendor patches are available and should be applied on a normal priority cycle.
Capture-replay exploitation of Windows Kerberos authentication enables an attacker with network access and initial credentials to bypass authentication controls and achieve remote code execution. Affected products span virtually every supported Windows client and server release from Windows Server 2012 to Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected platforms and Microsoft's direct disclosure make this a high-priority patching target.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Kernel enables network-reachable remote code execution across virtually every supported Microsoft Windows release, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability requires no privileges from the attacker but does require user interaction (CVSS UI:R), meaning a victim must interact with attacker-controlled content before kernel-level exploitation can proceed, yielding full compromise with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis, but the extraordinary breadth of affected OS versions and the kernel-level impact class make timely patching critical.
Privilege escalation in Windows Accounts Control allows an authorized local attacker to gain elevated system access by exploiting a use-after-free memory corruption flaw (CWE-416). The vulnerability spans a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server editions from build 14393 through build 28000, making the exposure surface wide across enterprise and consumer deployments. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, though the AC:H vector indicates a race-condition-dependent trigger consistent with timing-sensitive UAF exploitation.
Privilege escalation through a use-after-free condition in the Windows Win32K kernel subsystem allows a low-privileged local attacker to achieve SYSTEM-level access across a wide range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. The flaw resides in win32k.sys, the kernel-mode driver implementing the Windows graphical subsystem (GDI/USER32), and requires high attack complexity to trigger reliably - consistent with race-condition or heap-grooming exploitation techniques. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available from Microsoft MSRC.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Notification subsystem (CWE-416 use-after-free) affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022/2025 across a broad range of release builds. An authenticated low-privilege attacker who successfully exploits the race-condition-dependent memory corruption can achieve full SYSTEM-level control (C:H/I:H/A:H) without user interaction. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Use-after-free (CWE-416) in Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to a higher integrity level on affected Windows systems. The vulnerability spans a wide range of Windows releases from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1, and Microsoft has released patches across all affected build lines. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Spaceport.sys - the kernel-mode driver backing Microsoft Storage Spaces - permits an authenticated low-privileged network attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM-level on affected Windows hosts. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire modern Windows ecosystem, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature-update channels. Microsoft has released patched builds via the standard Windows Update channel; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (ntfs.sys) allows an unprivileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code at kernel privilege level, achieving full system compromise. Nineteen distinct Windows version/build combinations are confirmed affected, spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available via MSRC.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K allows a low-privileged authenticated user to gain SYSTEM-level access via an out-of-bounds read in the kernel graphics subsystem. The flaw spans a remarkably wide surface - Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and every current Windows 10/11 feature release - making it broadly relevant across enterprise patch cycles. Microsoft has released per-version updates; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows iSCSI service allows an authenticated, network-accessible attacker with low-level privileges to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally broad set of Windows releases - from Server 2012 and Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - making patch surface management a significant operational challenge for enterprise environments. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis, but the network vector and full CIA impact yield a CVSS score of 8.8.
Elevation of privilege in Windows DiagTrack (Connected User Experiences and Telemetry) allows an authenticated low-privileged attacker with network access to trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and potentially gain elevated privileges, including SYSTEM-level access. The vulnerability affects default installations of Windows 10 (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 builds below the fixed versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is 0.74% (52nd percentile) and CISA SSVC reports exploitation: none. Vendor patches are available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows HTTP Print Provider component enables an authorized low-privilege network attacker to achieve remote code execution with full C/I/A impact on affected Windows systems. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft operating systems from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2/26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though the breadth of affected versions and high CVSS score of 8.0 make this a significant patching priority across enterprise Windows environments.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Fax Service enables a low-privileged local attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on a wide range of Windows client and server versions. The flaw (CWE-122) is confirmed patched by Microsoft via their monthly update cycle, with fixed build numbers available across every affected version from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; however, the all-high C:H/I:H/A:H impact and broad platform coverage make this a meaningful patch-cycle priority for any organization running Windows Fax Service.
Elevation of privilege in the Windows exFAT file-system driver allows an attacker who already holds low-privileged access to hand the kernel a malformed exFAT structure, triggering an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that can corrupt memory and yield SYSTEM-level execution (Microsoft CVSS 3.1 base 8.8; vector requires authenticated access, PR:L, with no user interaction). Affected builds span Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025, i.e. essentially the entire supported Windows fleet, which makes the low exploit-probability signal the main moderating factor. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, EPSS is 0.77% (53rd percentile), and CISA SSVC records Exploitation: none, Automatable: no, Technical Impact: total; a vendor patch is available. Note a vector discrepancy: Microsoft rates this AV:N ('over a network'), whereas independent assessment places it AV:L, since triggering requires a system to process attacker-controlled exFAT data and remote reachability for a file-system parsing bug is unverified.
Use-after-free in the Windows Image Acquisition (WIA) subsystem enables an authorized local attacker to escalate privileges on every supported Windows release, from Server 2012 to Windows 11 26H1. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) places exploitation difficulty above average - a low-privileged user must trigger a race condition or specific memory-reuse timing within the WIA service - but a successful exploit yields full C:H/I:H/A:H impact, effectively granting SYSTEM-level control. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected version branches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Error Reporting (WER) across virtually every supported Windows platform exploits an absolute path traversal flaw (CWE-36) to elevate a standard authenticated user to full system control. An attacker with a low-privilege local session can supply a crafted absolute path to the WER subsystem, escaping its intended directory and accessing or overwriting privileged system resources, achieving complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 7.8, AV:L/AC:L/PR:L). No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV and no public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis, but the extremely wide affected product surface spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Server 2012 through Server 2025 makes this a high-urgency patching item.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver allows a low-privileged local attacker to gain full SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions. The flaw stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) condition in a kernel-mode driver, with high attack complexity indicating a likely race condition or specific timing requirement. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics driver affects every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1, allowing a low-privileged authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level access. The root cause is a buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the Win32K subsystem: out-of-bounds memory reads in kernel context can expose critical kernel data structures - including address layout information - that enable a subsequent control-flow hijack to full SYSTEM privileges. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, though Microsoft has issued patched cumulative updates for all affected product lines.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Search Component allows a low-privilege authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level access across virtually every supported Windows release, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The root cause is an integer overflow (CWE-190) that can corrupt memory in a privileged process context, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the local system. A vendor-released patch is available; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Windows Install Service permits local privilege escalation to SYSTEM on all actively supported Windows platforms. An authorized low-privilege local user can exploit a freed memory object in the service to corrupt heap structures and gain full control (C:H/I:H/A:H). The high attack complexity (AC:H) signals a race condition or specific timing requirement, tempering but not eliminating real-world risk; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Audio Service (AudioSrv) enables local privilege escalation to SYSTEM across a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server versions. An attacker with a standard low-privilege local account can trigger the overflow without user interaction, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H). Microsoft has released patches for all affected product lines and no active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Hyper-V enables a low-privileged guest VM user to escape the hypervisor sandbox and execute arbitrary code on the host system. The CVSS scope-change metric (S:C) and C:H/I:H/A:H impact ratings confirm this is a full VM-escape class vulnerability, giving an attacker inside a guest complete control over the underlying Hyper-V host. Affected versions span Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025; Microsoft has released patches via Windows Update. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Windows PrintWorkflowUserSvc (Print Workflow User Service) component of Microsoft's modern print stack lets a low-privileged, authenticated attacker elevate to a higher-integrity context by winning a use-after-free race inside the service (CWE-416). Unpatched Windows 10 (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 systems - including Server Core installations - are exposed, and the service is present by default. Scoring CVSS 7.5 with AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, the bug is network-reachable but requires careful heap grooming and no user interaction; there is no public exploit code identified at time of analysis (EPSS 0.57%, 45th percentile; CISA SSVC exploitation status "none"), and vendor patches are available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Media Foundation enables network-delivered remote code execution across virtually all supported Windows versions when a user opens a crafted media file. The CVSS:3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects low-complexity exploitation requiring no privileges but necessitating user interaction - the classic pattern of a malicious media file delivered via email, web, or file share. Affected scope spans Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, making this a broad, high-priority patch item for nearly every enterprise environment. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation to SYSTEM in the Windows Search Component (WSearch) affects virtually every supported Windows client and server platform from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all major release branches. The vulnerability stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory corruption flaw that an attacker with a standard user account can trigger to execute code at elevated privilege. The high attack complexity (AC:H) in the CVSS vector indicates exploitation likely requires precise timing consistent with a race condition; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but a vendor patch is available.
Remote code execution in Windows iSCSI is possible due to incorrect buffer size calculation (CWE-131), affecting a broad swath of Windows releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature versions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) indicates a network-reachable, unauthenticated attack path requiring some user interaction - consistent with a scenario where a victim system initiates an iSCSI connection to a malicious target. Microsoft has released patches addressing specific build thresholds across all affected Windows versions. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is present at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Biometric Service (WbioSrvc) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. An authenticated local attacker with low-privilege access can trigger the overflow to gain full control of the affected system, achieving confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise at SYSTEM level. No public exploit code or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the patch is available from Microsoft and should be prioritized on workstations and servers where biometric authentication is in use.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System (UDFS) kernel driver enables a low-privileged local user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM across a broad swath of Windows releases spanning Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The flaw resides in the filesystem driver responsible for reading UDF-formatted volumes (optical media, some removable storage), and exploitation requires only a standard user account with no user interaction. Microsoft has released patches through the update guide; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) lets network attackers run arbitrary code on affected hosts without authentication or user interaction. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in RRAS request handling, carrying a CVSS 9.8 and impacting the full supported Windows and Windows Server line (Windows 10/11 and Server 2012 through 2025). Microsoft has shipped fixes; no public exploit code or active-exploitation reporting has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service (WinBioSrvc) enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges across a wide range of Windows desktop and server releases. The full C:H/I:H/A:H CVSS triad indicates complete host compromise once exploited. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected versions.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows PDF rendering affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 builds, where an integer overflow while parsing a crafted PDF wraps a size calculation and triggers a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). An unauthenticated attacker who delivers a malicious PDF over the network can execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the rendering process. A vendor patch is available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Search Component exposes virtually the entire Windows ecosystem - from legacy Server 2012 to Windows 11 26H1 - to full system compromise by any low-privileged local user. The flaw stems from an incorrect type conversion or cast (CWE-704) within the Search Component, allowing an attacker with a standard user session to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges without user interaction. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches covering all affected build lines.
Privilege escalation in the Windows USB Video Driver affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, allowing a low-privileged local attacker to elevate to SYSTEM-level access. The root cause is an integer overflow or wraparound (CWE-190) in the kernel-mode USB video driver, which under exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected host. Microsoft has released patches via the standard update channel; no public exploit code or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service (WinBioSrvc) enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on a wide range of Windows desktop and server platforms. The flaw (CWE-122) affects Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025, with Microsoft having released patches for all affected builds. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the low attack complexity rating indicates reliable exploitability for a skilled attacker who has already achieved local access.
Local privilege escalation via a buffer over-read in the Windows Volume Manager Extension Driver enables authenticated local users to gain SYSTEM-level access across a broad range of Windows client and server releases. The flaw resides in a kernel-mode driver component where insufficient bounds checking during volume management operations allows reading beyond an allocated buffer, with the resulting memory condition exploitable to corrupt process tokens and elevate privileges. Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been confirmed at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Device Association Service exposes all supported Windows client and server editions to full system compromise by a low-privileged local attacker. The root cause is a use-after-free triggered through a race condition (CWE-362): concurrent access to a shared resource in the Device Association Service allows a freed memory object to be reused, enabling controlled code execution in a higher-privilege context. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is present at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected versions - spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025 - makes this a high-priority patch for any environment with untrusted local users.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Biometric Service (WBS) enables local privilege escalation across a wide swath of Microsoft Windows desktop and server releases. An authorized attacker holding only standard user privileges can trigger memory corruption in the biometric authentication subsystem, likely achieving SYSTEM-level code execution. The vulnerability spans Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through Server 2025, representing virtually the entire active Windows ecosystem; a vendor-released patch is available with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Microsoft's Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) service affects all supported Windows client and server releases and lets an unauthenticated remote attacker corrupt memory via a use-after-free (CWE-416) to run arbitrary code. The flaw carries a critical CVSS 9.8 with a fully remote, no-interaction, no-privilege vector. Microsoft has shipped patches; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel via a numeric truncation error that leads to a heap-based buffer overflow allows a local low-privileged attacker to gain full SYSTEM-level control. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire active Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making the blast radius exceptionally broad. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the low privilege requirement and full C/I/A impact make this a high-priority patch target for all Windows environments.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Graphic Fonts subsystem allows any low-privileged, authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level access via a use-after-free memory corruption flaw (CWE-416). The vulnerability spans the full breadth of supported and legacy Windows releases - from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making it an enterprise-wide concern. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, though the broad attack surface across all modern Windows versions elevates its remediation priority significantly.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Storage Spaces Controller via a use-after-free memory corruption flaw enables an authenticated low-privilege attacker to gain SYSTEM-level access on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 installations. The vulnerability (CWE-416) exists in the Storage Spaces Controller kernel driver; exploiting it yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system. No public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows versions makes this a broad-footprint local privilege escalation risk.
Use-after-free in the Windows Device Association Service enables a low-privileged local attacker to escalate to full system control across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The flaw (CWE-416) resides in the service responsible for managing device pairing and trust relationships, and exploitation yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released patches for all affected builds; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to gain full control of an affected system through a use-after-free memory corruption condition. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches addressing the flaw across all affected builds.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows USB Audio Class kernel driver (usbaudio.sys) enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on affected Windows hosts. The vulnerability spans virtually every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and requires no user interaction beyond the attacker's own session. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available via Microsoft Update.
Local privilege escalation in Windows NTFS exposes a use-after-free condition in the kernel-mode filesystem driver, allowing an authenticated local attacker with low privileges to achieve full SYSTEM-level control. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making it broadly applicable in enterprise environments. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the AC:H rating suggests exploitation requires a specific timing or memory-layout condition such as a race condition, limiting opportunistic mass exploitation.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA) Service enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges on the local machine. The flaw spans an exceptionally broad range of Windows client and server releases - from Windows 10 version 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Microsoft has released targeted patches for all affected build lines; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the full CIA:H impact and unchanged scope confirm full local system compromise is the end-state if exploited.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows CD-ROM kernel driver (cdrom.sys) enables a standard authenticated user to achieve SYSTEM-level access across virtually all supported Windows versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2025. The root cause is CWE-125 out-of-bounds read, which in a kernel driver context can expose memory contents and be chained into privilege escalation via kernel structure corruption. Microsoft has released patched builds; no confirmed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in the Windows Work Folder Service enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on a broad range of Windows client and server releases. The flaw (CWE-416) requires high attack complexity - consistent with a race condition - and local access, but grants full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact upon successful exploitation. A vendor patch is available; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Elevation of privilege in Windows Hyper-V lets an attacker who already holds low-level authenticated access to a Hyper-V-enabled host reach the hypervisor's network-facing interfaces and gain high-integrity (SYSTEM-level) code execution, with full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected host. Microsoft rates this 7.5 HIGH using CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, meaning the flaw is network-reachable, needs only low privileges, and requires no user interaction, but carries high attack complexity - consistent with a race or timing-dependent state that CISA's SSVC assessment explicitly marks as not automatable (Exploitation: none, Automatable: no, Technical Impact: total). The EPSS score is only 0.50% (41st percentile), no public exploit code has been identified, and the CVE is not in CISA KEV; exploitation is limited to hosts where the Hyper-V role/feature is installed and active, which is not a default configuration on most Windows 10/11 clients.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver allows an authenticated low-privilege user to gain SYSTEM-level access across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions via an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the kernel-mode driver. The vulnerability spans over a dozen currently-supported Windows releases including Server 2019, 2022, and 2025. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified; Microsoft has released patches through its standard update channels.
Remote code execution via use-after-free (CWE-416) in Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS) affects an exceptionally broad range of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server releases, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. An unauthenticated network attacker can trigger the memory corruption condition in the ADDS service, potentially yielding arbitrary code execution with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on targeted domain controllers. Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver allows a low-privileged local user to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges across a broad range of Windows desktop and server editions. The flaw (CWE-122) resides in the kernel-mode storage driver that handles VHD/VHDX virtual disk images, enabling an attacker with standard user rights to corrupt heap memory and execute arbitrary code in kernel context. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Audio Service (AudioSrv) exploits a use-after-free condition (CWE-416) to allow an authenticated local attacker to gain SYSTEM-level privileges on unpatched Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019-2025 systems. The attack requires low user privileges and high complexity to execute, consistent with a race condition in the service's memory management. Microsoft has released patches across all affected Windows versions; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Windows Remote Desktop Services (RDS) allows a low-privileged authenticated network attacker to execute arbitrary code by exploiting a use-after-free condition (CWE-416) in the RDS processing stack. The flaw spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft platforms - from Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature-update releases - making patch coverage operationally demanding for large Windows estates. No CISA KEV listing and no public exploit code have been identified at time of analysis; however, RDP-facing vulnerabilities historically attract rapid weaponization after disclosure.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Spaceport.sys, the kernel-mode Storage Spaces driver, allows an authenticated low-privileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code in kernel context, achieving full SYSTEM-level control with no user interaction. The flaw is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the kernel driver, exploitable across virtually every supported and extended-support Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected versions; no public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Spaceport.sys (the Storage Spaces kernel driver) allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to achieve full system compromise via a numeric truncation error that triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. The vulnerability affects Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2022, and Windows Server 2025 across multiple feature updates, with fixed build numbers confirmed by Microsoft through MSRC. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the local LPE class in kernel drivers is historically a high-priority target for post-exploitation toolkits.
Command injection in the Windows Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA) Service enables local privilege escalation across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. An authenticated low-privilege attacker can inject shell commands through the PCA service's unsanitized input handling (CWE-77), achieving full control of the local system with C:H/I:H/A:H impact. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, but the wide Windows install base and low exploitation complexity make patching high priority.
Privilege escalation via an out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (CWE-125) enables a local attacker with standard user-level access to gain SYSTEM-level control of the affected host. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally broad range of Windows versions - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making virtually every unpatched Windows environment in the field potentially exposed. Microsoft has confirmed and released patches via MSRC; no public exploit code or CISA KEV active-exploitation listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Services stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) that a network attacker can trigger without authentication or user interaction to run arbitrary code on the target host. It affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025), and Microsoft has released fixes. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in Windows Active Directory Domain Services allows unauthenticated network attackers to exploit a use-after-free memory corruption flaw and execute arbitrary code on domain controllers. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire Windows Server ecosystem from 2012 through 2025 and extends to Windows 10 and Windows 11 client builds running AD DS components, creating an exceptionally broad attack surface across enterprise environments. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) affects virtually every supported Windows version, from Server 2012 R2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, enabling unauthenticated remote code execution when a victim initiates an RDP connection. The CWE-122 flaw corrupts heap memory during RDP protocol processing, allowing an attacker to hijack execution flow and achieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected system. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available across all affected Windows release tracks.
Use-after-free in the Windows Wireless Networking subsystem enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate to full system privileges on a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. The vulnerability carries CVSS 7.0 (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) reflecting that exploitation is locally constrained and requires navigating high-complexity timing conditions typical of UAF race conditions, but the resulting impact is complete C/I/A compromise. Microsoft has released patches across all affected release branches; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Connected Devices Platform Service (Cdpsvc) via a use-after-free condition allows an authorized local attacker with standard user privileges to achieve full system compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H). The vulnerability affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds, with Microsoft-confirmed patch availability across all listed versions. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the AC:H rating indicates exploitation likely requires precise timing or race-condition manipulation, limiting automatable mass exploitation.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (udfs.sys) enables local privilege escalation to SYSTEM across a broad sweep of Windows client and server versions. An authenticated low-privileged local attacker can trigger the overflow through UDFS volume parsing, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the target system (CVSS 7.8, C:H/I:H/A:H). Microsoft has released corrective security updates across all affected product lines; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows TCP/IP kernel stack lets an authenticated attacker who already holds low privileges on a reachable host corrupt kernel memory over the network and escalate to SYSTEM, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity and availability. Exploitation hinges on winning a use-after-free race in tcpip.sys, which is why the vector carries AC:H and CISA SSVC rates the issue as not automatable with no observed exploitation; EPSS is 0.65 percent (49th percentile), and no public exploit was identified at time of analysis. All in-support Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2019, 2022 and 2025 builds below the vendor's fixed revisions are affected, and Microsoft has released patches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Biometric Service (WbioSrvc) allows a low-privileged authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level control via a heap-based buffer overflow triggered by an integer overflow or wraparound. The flaw affects a wide sweep of Windows releases - from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 - making the attack surface nearly universal across modern Windows deployments. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but vendor patch is available and should be prioritized given the full C:H/I:H/A:H impact after a successful escalation.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Broadcast DVR User Service allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to gain full system control via a use-after-free memory corruption bug. The vulnerability affects a wide swath of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016/2019 builds, with Microsoft releasing patches across all affected branches. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but local LPE vulnerabilities of this class are routinely incorporated into post-exploitation toolchains following initial access.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Link Layer Topology Discovery Protocol (LLTD) implementation enables unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected Windows systems via crafted network-layer frames. The flaw (CWE-122) spans nearly the entire supported Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 through Windows 11 and from Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches across all affected product lines; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows HID (Human Interface Device) class kernel driver enables local privilege escalation from a standard user account to SYSTEM-level code execution. All supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 builds are affected, giving this vulnerability an exceptionally broad surface across virtually every enterprise Windows fleet. Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Biometric Service (WbioSrvc) enables a network-based privilege escalation by an authenticated low-privilege attacker who can trigger user interaction. The vulnerability (CWE-122) spans a broad swath of Microsoft's supported Windows ecosystem, from Windows 10 version 1607 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Exploitation results in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the target system. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Hello across multiple Windows 10 and 11 versions allows an authorized low-privileged local attacker to gain full system control via a double-free memory corruption vulnerability (CWE-415). Affected builds span Windows 10 21H2/22H2 through Windows 11 26H1. Microsoft has released patched builds via the standard update channel. No public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified at time of analysis.
Elevation of privilege in Windows Group Policy allows an attacker who already holds valid low-privilege credentials on a network-reachable machine to run code at high integrity/SYSTEM level by inducing an untrusted pointer dereference in the policy-processing component. Unpatched Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (including Server Core installations) builds are affected, with builds below the fixed revision for each product line remaining exposed. Exploitation is unconfirmed: no public exploit code and no KEV listing exist, SSVC records Exploitation: none and Automatable: no, and EPSS is only 0.70% (51st percentile) - this is a genuinely serious but not top-tier-urgent issue, with the low-privilege authentication prerequisite (PR:L, AV:N) as the principal limiting factor.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DirectShow media framework arises from an out-of-bounds memory condition (classed as heap overflow, CWE-122) that lets a remote attacker run arbitrary code when a victim system processes maliciously crafted media. It affects the DirectShow component across nearly all supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10/11, Server 2012 through Server 2025). Microsoft self-reported and has shipped patches; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Privilege elevation on unpatched Windows hosts is achievable by a network-positioned attacker who already holds low-privilege credentials, exploiting a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the Windows Device Association Service; with CVSS 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) the primitive yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact with no user interaction, though it is a post-foothold escalation rather than a remote entry point. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, CISA SSVC records Exploitation='none' and Automatable='no', and EPSS is modest at 0.85% (56th percentile), so this is a genuine patch-priority item rather than an emergency. Microsoft has published vendor patches for every affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server build, making remediation a straightforward monthly-update action.
Use-after-free in the Windows Device Association Service enables a local low-privileged attacker to escalate to full system-level privileges across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The vulnerability stems from improper memory management in the service responsible for pairing devices, where a freed memory region can be reused to redirect execution. Microsoft has released patches addressing all affected builds; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing is recorded at time of analysis, though the high-complexity (AC:H) requirement means reliable exploitation demands careful timing or race-condition abuse.
Privilege escalation in Windows Hello on Windows 10 and 11 allows an authorized local attacker to elevate privileges beyond their current security boundary by exploiting a race condition in a shared resource. The vulnerability requires high initial privileges and high attack complexity due to race timing constraints, but successful exploitation yields scope-changed full C:H/I:H/A:H impact - consistent with SYSTEM-level compromise. Microsoft has released cumulative updates for all affected Windows 10 and Windows 11 builds; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code, most likely escalating to SYSTEM-level privileges. The vulnerability (CWE-122) affects an extraordinarily wide range of Microsoft Windows releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all current feature releases, making the aggregate exposed population very large. No public exploit code or CISA KEV active-exploitation listing has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch is available via Microsoft MSRC.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free (CWE-416) in the Windows Web Platform Storage component affects Windows 10, 11, and multiple Windows Server releases. An authenticated local user with standard (low) privileges can exploit a race condition in memory management to achieve full local system compromise - gaining high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows versions across the enterprise install base makes patch prioritization essential.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows USB Audio Class driver (usbaudio.sys) allows a low-privileged authenticated user to gain full system control via an integer overflow. The flaw affects an exceptionally broad range of Windows releases, spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) and breadth of affected systems make this a meaningful enterprise patching priority.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel component allows an attacker who already holds low-privileged execution on a target host (PR:L) to corrupt kernel memory and escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges. Microsoft rates the flaw CVSS 7.5 (HIGH) with vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, although our assessment reads the practical attack vector as local (AV:L); in either reading the precondition is existing code execution on the box, making this a post-compromise escalation primitive rather than a remotely reachable entry point, and the high attack complexity means a race condition or specific heap/object state must be won reliably. Affected are unpatched Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2 through 26H1) and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 builds below the fixed build numbers published by Microsoft; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, no CISA KEV listing, and EPSS is low at 0.44% (37th percentile), so near-term exploitation risk is driven by targeted, post-access actors rather than mass scanning.
Privilege escalation in Windows IP Address Management (IPAM) allows an authenticated local user on any of a broad range of unpatched Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server releases to obtain full system-level control by supplying a crafted serialized payload to the IPAM service. The vulnerability is rooted in CWE-502 (Deserialization of Untrusted Data) and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.0 under a local, high-complexity attack vector with full C:H/I:H/A:H impact. No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV and no public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis, but the complete impact triad makes successful exploitation severely damaging on any affected host.
Use-after-free (UAF) in the Windows Device Association Broker service enables a local, low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM or higher on a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The vulnerability (CWE-416) is consistent with a race condition in the Broker's memory management, as reflected by the AC:H metric, and exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches across all affected build streams.
Use-after-free memory corruption in Windows Audio Service enables local privilege escalation across the full Windows ecosystem, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and all supported Windows Server releases from 2012 through 2025. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) confirms a locally authenticated attacker must navigate high-complexity exploit conditions - likely a race or timing attack on the audio service's memory lifecycle - before achieving full C:H/I:H/A:H impact, including arbitrary code execution at elevated privilege. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches for all listed affected builds.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Spaceport.sys, the Windows kernel driver for the Storage Spaces subsystem, allows a low-privileged authenticated local user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on affected Windows hosts. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft Windows releases, from Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 Version 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches across all affected build tracks; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Memory-safety corruption in the Windows Win32K kernel-mode component lets an attacker who already holds low-privileged code execution on a target host escalate to full kernel/SYSTEM privileges, with the vendor rating it CVSS 8.8 on a C:H/I:H/A:H impact profile. All supported Windows 10 builds (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 builds (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2019, 2022 and 2025 (including Server Core) below Microsoft's patched revisions are affected, since Win32K is present in every default installation. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, the issue is not listed in CISA KEV (SSVC: Exploitation none, Automatable no, Technical Impact total), and EPSS is 0.77% (53rd percentile), so risk is currently driven by the severity of the primitive rather than observed activity.
Privilege escalation on unpatched Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server systems is possible through a heap-based buffer overflow in the Encrypting File System (EFS), which a low-privileged authenticated account can reach over the network to gain SYSTEM-level code execution. Exploitation is constrained by high attack complexity (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), implying a race condition or precise heap grooming rather than a deterministic one-shot trigger, and no user interaction is required. There is no evidence of active exploitation and no public exploit identified at time of analysis; CISA SSVC records Exploitation as 'none' and Automatable as 'no', and EPSS is a low 0.57% (45th percentile) despite the total technical impact score. Microsoft has released fixes, so the residual risk is concentrated on systems that remain unpatched.
Privilege escalation via integer underflow in Windows USB Audio Class driver (usbaudio.sys) allows a local low-privileged user to gain SYSTEM-level access across virtually the entire Windows ecosystem. The flaw spans Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, making it a broad-surface local elevation-of-privilege issue. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Kerberos implementation enables a local low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM-level, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected host. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Windows versions - from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1 - making the exposure surface very broad. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows Host Guardian Service (HGS) allows a low-privileged local attacker to gain SYSTEM-level access through a use-after-free memory corruption triggered by a race condition. Affected products span Windows 10 and 11 client editions alongside Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2025, covering a broad enterprise and consumer Windows footprint across multiple build lines. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver permits an attacker who already holds low-privilege authenticated access (PR:L) to send a crafted request over the network (AV:N, no user interaction) and gain elevated privileges, with total confidentiality, integrity and availability impact per the CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). All supported Windows client and server branches are in scope - Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 - so unpatched pre-fix builds represent the realistic exposure window. Risk is tempered by the requirement for a valid foothold/credentials and by CISA SSVC rating the issue non-automatable with no observed exploitation; EPSS is a modest 0.77% (53rd percentile) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, though vendor patches are available and should be applied on a normal priority cycle.
Capture-replay exploitation of Windows Kerberos authentication enables an attacker with network access and initial credentials to bypass authentication controls and achieve remote code execution. Affected products span virtually every supported Windows client and server release from Windows Server 2012 to Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected platforms and Microsoft's direct disclosure make this a high-priority patching target.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Kernel enables network-reachable remote code execution across virtually every supported Microsoft Windows release, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability requires no privileges from the attacker but does require user interaction (CVSS UI:R), meaning a victim must interact with attacker-controlled content before kernel-level exploitation can proceed, yielding full compromise with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis, but the extraordinary breadth of affected OS versions and the kernel-level impact class make timely patching critical.
Privilege escalation in Windows Accounts Control allows an authorized local attacker to gain elevated system access by exploiting a use-after-free memory corruption flaw (CWE-416). The vulnerability spans a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server editions from build 14393 through build 28000, making the exposure surface wide across enterprise and consumer deployments. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, though the AC:H vector indicates a race-condition-dependent trigger consistent with timing-sensitive UAF exploitation.
Privilege escalation through a use-after-free condition in the Windows Win32K kernel subsystem allows a low-privileged local attacker to achieve SYSTEM-level access across a wide range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. The flaw resides in win32k.sys, the kernel-mode driver implementing the Windows graphical subsystem (GDI/USER32), and requires high attack complexity to trigger reliably - consistent with race-condition or heap-grooming exploitation techniques. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available from Microsoft MSRC.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Notification subsystem (CWE-416 use-after-free) affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022/2025 across a broad range of release builds. An authenticated low-privilege attacker who successfully exploits the race-condition-dependent memory corruption can achieve full SYSTEM-level control (C:H/I:H/A:H) without user interaction. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Use-after-free (CWE-416) in Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to a higher integrity level on affected Windows systems. The vulnerability spans a wide range of Windows releases from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1, and Microsoft has released patches across all affected build lines. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Spaceport.sys - the kernel-mode driver backing Microsoft Storage Spaces - permits an authenticated low-privileged network attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM-level on affected Windows hosts. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire modern Windows ecosystem, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature-update channels. Microsoft has released patched builds via the standard Windows Update channel; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (ntfs.sys) allows an unprivileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code at kernel privilege level, achieving full system compromise. Nineteen distinct Windows version/build combinations are confirmed affected, spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available via MSRC.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K allows a low-privileged authenticated user to gain SYSTEM-level access via an out-of-bounds read in the kernel graphics subsystem. The flaw spans a remarkably wide surface - Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and every current Windows 10/11 feature release - making it broadly relevant across enterprise patch cycles. Microsoft has released per-version updates; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows iSCSI service allows an authenticated, network-accessible attacker with low-level privileges to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally broad set of Windows releases - from Server 2012 and Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - making patch surface management a significant operational challenge for enterprise environments. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis, but the network vector and full CIA impact yield a CVSS score of 8.8.
Elevation of privilege in Windows DiagTrack (Connected User Experiences and Telemetry) allows an authenticated low-privileged attacker with network access to trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and potentially gain elevated privileges, including SYSTEM-level access. The vulnerability affects default installations of Windows 10 (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 builds below the fixed versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is 0.74% (52nd percentile) and CISA SSVC reports exploitation: none. Vendor patches are available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows HTTP Print Provider component enables an authorized low-privilege network attacker to achieve remote code execution with full C/I/A impact on affected Windows systems. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft operating systems from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2/26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though the breadth of affected versions and high CVSS score of 8.0 make this a significant patching priority across enterprise Windows environments.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Fax Service enables a low-privileged local attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on a wide range of Windows client and server versions. The flaw (CWE-122) is confirmed patched by Microsoft via their monthly update cycle, with fixed build numbers available across every affected version from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; however, the all-high C:H/I:H/A:H impact and broad platform coverage make this a meaningful patch-cycle priority for any organization running Windows Fax Service.
Elevation of privilege in the Windows exFAT file-system driver allows an attacker who already holds low-privileged access to hand the kernel a malformed exFAT structure, triggering an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that can corrupt memory and yield SYSTEM-level execution (Microsoft CVSS 3.1 base 8.8; vector requires authenticated access, PR:L, with no user interaction). Affected builds span Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025, i.e. essentially the entire supported Windows fleet, which makes the low exploit-probability signal the main moderating factor. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, EPSS is 0.77% (53rd percentile), and CISA SSVC records Exploitation: none, Automatable: no, Technical Impact: total; a vendor patch is available. Note a vector discrepancy: Microsoft rates this AV:N ('over a network'), whereas independent assessment places it AV:L, since triggering requires a system to process attacker-controlled exFAT data and remote reachability for a file-system parsing bug is unverified.
Use-after-free in the Windows Image Acquisition (WIA) subsystem enables an authorized local attacker to escalate privileges on every supported Windows release, from Server 2012 to Windows 11 26H1. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) places exploitation difficulty above average - a low-privileged user must trigger a race condition or specific memory-reuse timing within the WIA service - but a successful exploit yields full C:H/I:H/A:H impact, effectively granting SYSTEM-level control. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected version branches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Error Reporting (WER) across virtually every supported Windows platform exploits an absolute path traversal flaw (CWE-36) to elevate a standard authenticated user to full system control. An attacker with a low-privilege local session can supply a crafted absolute path to the WER subsystem, escaping its intended directory and accessing or overwriting privileged system resources, achieving complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 7.8, AV:L/AC:L/PR:L). No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV and no public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis, but the extremely wide affected product surface spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Server 2012 through Server 2025 makes this a high-urgency patching item.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver allows a low-privileged local attacker to gain full SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions. The flaw stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) condition in a kernel-mode driver, with high attack complexity indicating a likely race condition or specific timing requirement. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics driver affects every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1, allowing a low-privileged authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level access. The root cause is a buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the Win32K subsystem: out-of-bounds memory reads in kernel context can expose critical kernel data structures - including address layout information - that enable a subsequent control-flow hijack to full SYSTEM privileges. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, though Microsoft has issued patched cumulative updates for all affected product lines.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Search Component allows a low-privilege authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level access across virtually every supported Windows release, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The root cause is an integer overflow (CWE-190) that can corrupt memory in a privileged process context, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the local system. A vendor-released patch is available; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Windows Install Service permits local privilege escalation to SYSTEM on all actively supported Windows platforms. An authorized low-privilege local user can exploit a freed memory object in the service to corrupt heap structures and gain full control (C:H/I:H/A:H). The high attack complexity (AC:H) signals a race condition or specific timing requirement, tempering but not eliminating real-world risk; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Audio Service (AudioSrv) enables local privilege escalation to SYSTEM across a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server versions. An attacker with a standard low-privilege local account can trigger the overflow without user interaction, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H). Microsoft has released patches for all affected product lines and no active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Hyper-V enables a low-privileged guest VM user to escape the hypervisor sandbox and execute arbitrary code on the host system. The CVSS scope-change metric (S:C) and C:H/I:H/A:H impact ratings confirm this is a full VM-escape class vulnerability, giving an attacker inside a guest complete control over the underlying Hyper-V host. Affected versions span Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025; Microsoft has released patches via Windows Update. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Windows PrintWorkflowUserSvc (Print Workflow User Service) component of Microsoft's modern print stack lets a low-privileged, authenticated attacker elevate to a higher-integrity context by winning a use-after-free race inside the service (CWE-416). Unpatched Windows 10 (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 systems - including Server Core installations - are exposed, and the service is present by default. Scoring CVSS 7.5 with AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, the bug is network-reachable but requires careful heap grooming and no user interaction; there is no public exploit code identified at time of analysis (EPSS 0.57%, 45th percentile; CISA SSVC exploitation status "none"), and vendor patches are available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Media Foundation enables network-delivered remote code execution across virtually all supported Windows versions when a user opens a crafted media file. The CVSS:3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects low-complexity exploitation requiring no privileges but necessitating user interaction - the classic pattern of a malicious media file delivered via email, web, or file share. Affected scope spans Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, making this a broad, high-priority patch item for nearly every enterprise environment. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation to SYSTEM in the Windows Search Component (WSearch) affects virtually every supported Windows client and server platform from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all major release branches. The vulnerability stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory corruption flaw that an attacker with a standard user account can trigger to execute code at elevated privilege. The high attack complexity (AC:H) in the CVSS vector indicates exploitation likely requires precise timing consistent with a race condition; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but a vendor patch is available.
Remote code execution in Windows iSCSI is possible due to incorrect buffer size calculation (CWE-131), affecting a broad swath of Windows releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature versions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) indicates a network-reachable, unauthenticated attack path requiring some user interaction - consistent with a scenario where a victim system initiates an iSCSI connection to a malicious target. Microsoft has released patches addressing specific build thresholds across all affected Windows versions. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is present at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Biometric Service (WbioSrvc) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. An authenticated local attacker with low-privilege access can trigger the overflow to gain full control of the affected system, achieving confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise at SYSTEM level. No public exploit code or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the patch is available from Microsoft and should be prioritized on workstations and servers where biometric authentication is in use.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System (UDFS) kernel driver enables a low-privileged local user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM across a broad swath of Windows releases spanning Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The flaw resides in the filesystem driver responsible for reading UDF-formatted volumes (optical media, some removable storage), and exploitation requires only a standard user account with no user interaction. Microsoft has released patches through the update guide; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) lets network attackers run arbitrary code on affected hosts without authentication or user interaction. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in RRAS request handling, carrying a CVSS 9.8 and impacting the full supported Windows and Windows Server line (Windows 10/11 and Server 2012 through 2025). Microsoft has shipped fixes; no public exploit code or active-exploitation reporting has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service (WinBioSrvc) enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges across a wide range of Windows desktop and server releases. The full C:H/I:H/A:H CVSS triad indicates complete host compromise once exploited. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected versions.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows PDF rendering affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 builds, where an integer overflow while parsing a crafted PDF wraps a size calculation and triggers a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). An unauthenticated attacker who delivers a malicious PDF over the network can execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the rendering process. A vendor patch is available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Search Component exposes virtually the entire Windows ecosystem - from legacy Server 2012 to Windows 11 26H1 - to full system compromise by any low-privileged local user. The flaw stems from an incorrect type conversion or cast (CWE-704) within the Search Component, allowing an attacker with a standard user session to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges without user interaction. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches covering all affected build lines.
Privilege escalation in the Windows USB Video Driver affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, allowing a low-privileged local attacker to elevate to SYSTEM-level access. The root cause is an integer overflow or wraparound (CWE-190) in the kernel-mode USB video driver, which under exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected host. Microsoft has released patches via the standard update channel; no public exploit code or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service (WinBioSrvc) enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on a wide range of Windows desktop and server platforms. The flaw (CWE-122) affects Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025, with Microsoft having released patches for all affected builds. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the low attack complexity rating indicates reliable exploitability for a skilled attacker who has already achieved local access.
Local privilege escalation via a buffer over-read in the Windows Volume Manager Extension Driver enables authenticated local users to gain SYSTEM-level access across a broad range of Windows client and server releases. The flaw resides in a kernel-mode driver component where insufficient bounds checking during volume management operations allows reading beyond an allocated buffer, with the resulting memory condition exploitable to corrupt process tokens and elevate privileges. Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been confirmed at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Device Association Service exposes all supported Windows client and server editions to full system compromise by a low-privileged local attacker. The root cause is a use-after-free triggered through a race condition (CWE-362): concurrent access to a shared resource in the Device Association Service allows a freed memory object to be reused, enabling controlled code execution in a higher-privilege context. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is present at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected versions - spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025 - makes this a high-priority patch for any environment with untrusted local users.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Biometric Service (WBS) enables local privilege escalation across a wide swath of Microsoft Windows desktop and server releases. An authorized attacker holding only standard user privileges can trigger memory corruption in the biometric authentication subsystem, likely achieving SYSTEM-level code execution. The vulnerability spans Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through Server 2025, representing virtually the entire active Windows ecosystem; a vendor-released patch is available with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Microsoft's Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) service affects all supported Windows client and server releases and lets an unauthenticated remote attacker corrupt memory via a use-after-free (CWE-416) to run arbitrary code. The flaw carries a critical CVSS 9.8 with a fully remote, no-interaction, no-privilege vector. Microsoft has shipped patches; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel via a numeric truncation error that leads to a heap-based buffer overflow allows a local low-privileged attacker to gain full SYSTEM-level control. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire active Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making the blast radius exceptionally broad. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the low privilege requirement and full C/I/A impact make this a high-priority patch target for all Windows environments.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Graphic Fonts subsystem allows any low-privileged, authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level access via a use-after-free memory corruption flaw (CWE-416). The vulnerability spans the full breadth of supported and legacy Windows releases - from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making it an enterprise-wide concern. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, though the broad attack surface across all modern Windows versions elevates its remediation priority significantly.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Storage Spaces Controller via a use-after-free memory corruption flaw enables an authenticated low-privilege attacker to gain SYSTEM-level access on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 installations. The vulnerability (CWE-416) exists in the Storage Spaces Controller kernel driver; exploiting it yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system. No public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows versions makes this a broad-footprint local privilege escalation risk.
Use-after-free in the Windows Device Association Service enables a low-privileged local attacker to escalate to full system control across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The flaw (CWE-416) resides in the service responsible for managing device pairing and trust relationships, and exploitation yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released patches for all affected builds; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to gain full control of an affected system through a use-after-free memory corruption condition. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches addressing the flaw across all affected builds.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows USB Audio Class kernel driver (usbaudio.sys) enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on affected Windows hosts. The vulnerability spans virtually every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and requires no user interaction beyond the attacker's own session. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available via Microsoft Update.
Local privilege escalation in Windows NTFS exposes a use-after-free condition in the kernel-mode filesystem driver, allowing an authenticated local attacker with low privileges to achieve full SYSTEM-level control. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making it broadly applicable in enterprise environments. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the AC:H rating suggests exploitation requires a specific timing or memory-layout condition such as a race condition, limiting opportunistic mass exploitation.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA) Service enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges on the local machine. The flaw spans an exceptionally broad range of Windows client and server releases - from Windows 10 version 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Microsoft has released targeted patches for all affected build lines; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the full CIA:H impact and unchanged scope confirm full local system compromise is the end-state if exploited.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows CD-ROM kernel driver (cdrom.sys) enables a standard authenticated user to achieve SYSTEM-level access across virtually all supported Windows versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2025. The root cause is CWE-125 out-of-bounds read, which in a kernel driver context can expose memory contents and be chained into privilege escalation via kernel structure corruption. Microsoft has released patched builds; no confirmed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in the Windows Work Folder Service enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on a broad range of Windows client and server releases. The flaw (CWE-416) requires high attack complexity - consistent with a race condition - and local access, but grants full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact upon successful exploitation. A vendor patch is available; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Elevation of privilege in Windows Hyper-V lets an attacker who already holds low-level authenticated access to a Hyper-V-enabled host reach the hypervisor's network-facing interfaces and gain high-integrity (SYSTEM-level) code execution, with full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected host. Microsoft rates this 7.5 HIGH using CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, meaning the flaw is network-reachable, needs only low privileges, and requires no user interaction, but carries high attack complexity - consistent with a race or timing-dependent state that CISA's SSVC assessment explicitly marks as not automatable (Exploitation: none, Automatable: no, Technical Impact: total). The EPSS score is only 0.50% (41st percentile), no public exploit code has been identified, and the CVE is not in CISA KEV; exploitation is limited to hosts where the Hyper-V role/feature is installed and active, which is not a default configuration on most Windows 10/11 clients.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver allows an authenticated low-privilege user to gain SYSTEM-level access across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions via an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the kernel-mode driver. The vulnerability spans over a dozen currently-supported Windows releases including Server 2019, 2022, and 2025. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified; Microsoft has released patches through its standard update channels.
Remote code execution via use-after-free (CWE-416) in Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS) affects an exceptionally broad range of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server releases, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. An unauthenticated network attacker can trigger the memory corruption condition in the ADDS service, potentially yielding arbitrary code execution with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on targeted domain controllers. Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver allows a low-privileged local user to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges across a broad range of Windows desktop and server editions. The flaw (CWE-122) resides in the kernel-mode storage driver that handles VHD/VHDX virtual disk images, enabling an attacker with standard user rights to corrupt heap memory and execute arbitrary code in kernel context. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though Microsoft has released patches across all affected branches.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Audio Service (AudioSrv) exploits a use-after-free condition (CWE-416) to allow an authenticated local attacker to gain SYSTEM-level privileges on unpatched Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019-2025 systems. The attack requires low user privileges and high complexity to execute, consistent with a race condition in the service's memory management. Microsoft has released patches across all affected Windows versions; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Windows Remote Desktop Services (RDS) allows a low-privileged authenticated network attacker to execute arbitrary code by exploiting a use-after-free condition (CWE-416) in the RDS processing stack. The flaw spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft platforms - from Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature-update releases - making patch coverage operationally demanding for large Windows estates. No CISA KEV listing and no public exploit code have been identified at time of analysis; however, RDP-facing vulnerabilities historically attract rapid weaponization after disclosure.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Spaceport.sys, the kernel-mode Storage Spaces driver, allows an authenticated low-privileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code in kernel context, achieving full SYSTEM-level control with no user interaction. The flaw is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the kernel driver, exploitable across virtually every supported and extended-support Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected versions; no public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Spaceport.sys (the Storage Spaces kernel driver) allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to achieve full system compromise via a numeric truncation error that triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. The vulnerability affects Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2022, and Windows Server 2025 across multiple feature updates, with fixed build numbers confirmed by Microsoft through MSRC. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the local LPE class in kernel drivers is historically a high-priority target for post-exploitation toolkits.
Command injection in the Windows Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA) Service enables local privilege escalation across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. An authenticated low-privilege attacker can inject shell commands through the PCA service's unsanitized input handling (CWE-77), achieving full control of the local system with C:H/I:H/A:H impact. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, but the wide Windows install base and low exploitation complexity make patching high priority.
Privilege escalation via an out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (CWE-125) enables a local attacker with standard user-level access to gain SYSTEM-level control of the affected host. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally broad range of Windows versions - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making virtually every unpatched Windows environment in the field potentially exposed. Microsoft has confirmed and released patches via MSRC; no public exploit code or CISA KEV active-exploitation listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Services stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) that a network attacker can trigger without authentication or user interaction to run arbitrary code on the target host. It affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025), and Microsoft has released fixes. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in Windows Active Directory Domain Services allows unauthenticated network attackers to exploit a use-after-free memory corruption flaw and execute arbitrary code on domain controllers. The vulnerability spans virtually the entire Windows Server ecosystem from 2012 through 2025 and extends to Windows 10 and Windows 11 client builds running AD DS components, creating an exceptionally broad attack surface across enterprise environments. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) affects virtually every supported Windows version, from Server 2012 R2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, enabling unauthenticated remote code execution when a victim initiates an RDP connection. The CWE-122 flaw corrupts heap memory during RDP protocol processing, allowing an attacker to hijack execution flow and achieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected system. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available across all affected Windows release tracks.
Use-after-free in the Windows Wireless Networking subsystem enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate to full system privileges on a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. The vulnerability carries CVSS 7.0 (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) reflecting that exploitation is locally constrained and requires navigating high-complexity timing conditions typical of UAF race conditions, but the resulting impact is complete C/I/A compromise. Microsoft has released patches across all affected release branches; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Connected Devices Platform Service (Cdpsvc) via a use-after-free condition allows an authorized local attacker with standard user privileges to achieve full system compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H). The vulnerability affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds, with Microsoft-confirmed patch availability across all listed versions. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the AC:H rating indicates exploitation likely requires precise timing or race-condition manipulation, limiting automatable mass exploitation.