Windows Server 2025 Server Core Installation

Privilege escalation in the Windows Telephony Service (TapiSrv) allows an authenticated local attacker with low-privilege access to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by exploiting a race condition in how the service handles concurrent access to shared resources. Affected products span Windows 10 (multiple feature releases), Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, representing a broad swath of the Microsoft ecosystem. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, but a vendor patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center.

Spoofing via origin validation error in the Windows Network Address Translation (NAT) component affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, including Server Core installations. An unauthenticated attacker positioned on an adjacent network segment can bypass origin/authentication checks (CWE-346) to impersonate a trusted source, with Microsoft rating scope-changed high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 8.3). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though high attack complexity limits reliable exploitation.

Windows Boot Loader across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 omits a required cryptographic integrity step (CWE-325), enabling a locally authenticated attacker to bypass boot-time security features. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L) confirms exploitation requires an existing local foothold - remote unauthenticated attacks are not possible. No active exploitation is recorded (SSVC: none, EPSS 0.23%), but SSVC rates technical impact as total, reflecting that a successful boot-level security bypass can undermine the entire trusted boot chain and enable persistent pre-OS compromise.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Client-Side Caching (CSC) Service, driven by a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory-corruption flaw affecting Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. An authorized attacker who already holds low-level privileges (PR:L) on the host can trigger the freed-object reuse to gain elevated, likely SYSTEM-level, privileges. The issue was reported by Microsoft with a patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel-mode subsystem allows an authenticated attacker to elevate to SYSTEM by exploiting a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory-corruption condition. The flaw affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025). Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows DirectX graphics subsystem allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to elevate to SYSTEM by triggering a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory-corruption condition. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.0 (High), tempered by high attack complexity.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Wireless Networking component affects a broad span of currently supported Windows releases (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025), letting an already-authenticated local user win a timing race to gain SYSTEM-level control. The flaw is a CWE-362 race condition where improperly synchronized access to a shared resource can be manipulated during a narrow execution window; CVSS 7.8 reflects a high-complexity but high-impact local escalation with a scope change. Microsoft (the reporter) has shipped a patch, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Denial of service in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to exhaust server resources and knock the service offline over the network. The flaw affects a broad range of supported Windows Server releases (2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations) and carries a CVSS 7.5 rating driven entirely by availability impact. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in Windows Remote Desktop Services (RDS) allows an authenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory corruption condition. The flaw affects a broad range of currently-supported Windows client and server builds - Windows 10 21H2/22H2, Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1, and Windows Server 2022/2025 (including Server Core). It was reported by Microsoft with a CVSS 8.8 rating; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the network vector combined with only low-privilege requirements makes it a strong patch priority.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Sensor Data Service arises from a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory corruption flaw that an already-authenticated attacker can trigger to run code at higher privilege. It affects a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025). Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS:3.1 score is 7.0 (High).

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver (cldflt.sys) lets an authenticated low-privileged user corrupt kernel memory to gain SYSTEM-level control. The flaw is a use-after-free (CWE-416) affecting a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019-2025. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Protocol allows an unauthorized, unauthenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering an integer overflow (CWE-190) in RDP processing. The flaw carries a CVSS 9.8 and affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; EPSS is a modest 0.78% (52nd percentile), so risk is currently theoretical but severe if weaponized.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM) Core Library allows an authenticated attacker to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by triggering a type-confusion (CWE-843) condition. The flaw affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Reported internally by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Privilege escalation in the Windows USB Print Driver affects Windows 11 (versions 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, exploitable by a physically-present attacker with low-privilege credentials via a race condition in the driver's shared resource handling. The flaw requires both physical device access and precise timing to win the synchronization window, making exploitation non-trivial. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS stands at 0.17% (7th percentile), and SSVC rates exploitation as none - consistent with high attack complexity and the physical access prerequisite.

Local code execution in Windows Media on Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025 lets an attacker run arbitrary code by luring a user into opening a maliciously crafted media file. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact but requiring user interaction, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Microsoft has released a patch via MSRC.

Elevation of privilege in Microsoft Windows Management Services lets a low-privileged local user corrupt memory through a use-after-free (CWE-416) and gain higher privileges on Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025. A successful exploit yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, but the CVSS vector marks high attack complexity, reflecting the race-condition timing typically needed to win a use-after-free. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Windows Kernel security feature bypass across Windows 10, 11, and Server 2012 through 2025 allows a local authenticated attacker to circumvent kernel-enforced access controls, resulting in high-confidence disclosure of sensitive information (C:H). Rooted in CWE-284 (Improper Access Control), the flaw enables a privilege-constrained local user to read protected data beyond their authorization boundary. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; EPSS sits at 0.25% (16th percentile) and SSVC assigns exploitation status 'none,' consistently characterizing this as a standard patch-cycle priority rather than an emergency response item.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows UPnP Device Host service (upnp.dll) lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user corrupt heap memory to gain SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019-2025 builds. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available, it carries CVSS 7.8 (local, low-complexity, low-privilege). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is low (0.36%), and CISA SSVC records exploitation as none.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver (cldflt.sys) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to elevate to SYSTEM by triggering a use-after-free memory corruption condition. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2019 through 2025) and was reported by Microsoft. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Input Method Editor (IME) component across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 allows an already-authenticated user to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. The flaw carries a CVSS 7.8 (high) rating with total technical impact, but CISA's SSVC framework marks exploitation as 'none' and non-automatable, and the EPSS probability is low at 0.33% (25th percentile). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft's NAT Helper Components (ipnathlp.dll), the driver behind Internet Connection Sharing and NAT translation on Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025. An authenticated attacker who already has low-privilege access can exploit a use-after-free memory corruption bug to run code at higher privilege (SYSTEM). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but Microsoft has released a patch.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel allows an authenticated attacker to elevate to SYSTEM by triggering an integer overflow (CWE-190) in a kernel code path. The flaw affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025). Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no EPSS or KEV data supplied.

Elevation of privilege in the Windows SMB implementation allows an authenticated network attacker to win a race condition and gain higher privileges on affected systems, spanning Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. The flaw is a concurrency defect (CWE-362) reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch already released; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Note a data conflict: the description and CVSS impacts describe privilege elevation with full confidentiality/integrity/availability impact, while the intelligence tags also label it 'Information Disclosure' — the CVSS vector should be treated as authoritative.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Installer (msiexec/MSI service) lets an already-authenticated low-privilege user elevate to SYSTEM by abusing an improper authorization check (CWE-285). Affected platforms span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, so risk is currently potential rather than confirmed in-the-wild exploitation.

Information disclosure in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop (RDP) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory over the network, potentially leaking sensitive process data from affected systems. The flaw (CWE-125) affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, and is patched by Microsoft. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with a low EPSS probability (0.89%).

Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) across a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Server editions discloses potentially sensitive memory contents over the network due to an uninitialized resource flaw (CWE-908), exploitable by remote unauthenticated attackers when a user interacts with an RDP session. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) indicates network-wide reachability with no attacker privilege requirement, though mandatory user interaction (UI:R) prevents automated mass exploitation. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; EPSS at 0.51% (40th percentile) and SSVC exploitation status of 'none' confirm low current threat activity despite Windows RDP's ubiquitous enterprise attack surface.

Information disclosure in the Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) stack allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read uninitialized memory contents over the network, affecting virtually all supported Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The flaw (CWE-908, use of uninitialized resource) carries CVSS 7.5 with a pure-confidentiality impact (C:H/I:N/A:N) and requires no authentication or user interaction. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA's SSVC assessment rates exploitation as 'none' with a partial technical impact; the EPSS score of 0.89% (55th percentile) indicates modest near-term exploitation likelihood.

Information disclosure in the Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) stack lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker read uninitialized memory over the network, potentially leaking sensitive data such as memory contents or fragments of prior sessions. It affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS exploitation probability is low at 0.89%.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Bluetooth Service affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server editions (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2019 through 2025). A heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) lets an already-authenticated local attacker corrupt kernel/service memory to elevate from a low-privileged account to SYSTEM. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available from Microsoft.

Local code execution in Microsoft Windows' Resilient File System (ReFS) driver lets an attacker run arbitrary code by inducing a victim to mount or open a maliciously crafted ReFS volume. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in ReFS metadata parsing affecting Windows 10, Windows 11 (through 26H1), and Windows Server 2016-2025. CVSS is 7.8 (AV:L/UI:R); there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, so exploitation would require crafting a malicious volume and social-engineering the user to attach it.

Out-of-bounds read in the Windows USB Audio Class driver (usbaudio.sys) exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker who physically connects a crafted USB audio device to an unpatched system. Affected systems span Windows 10 (1809 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2 through 26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025, as confirmed by EUVD-2026-44284 and the MSRC advisory. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and EPSS at 0.42% (34th percentile) reflects low automated exploitation probability consistent with the mandatory physical access requirement.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Runtime (WinRT) component of Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2022/2025 lets an already-authenticated local user race a shared resource to gain higher privileges. Microsoft (the reporting vendor) has shipped fixes; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none, though the technical impact is total. EPSS is low at 0.24% (16th percentile), consistent with a high-complexity local flaw rather than a mass-exploited network bug.

Information disclosure via uninitialized resource use in Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) exposes sensitive memory contents to authenticated remote attackers across a wide range of Microsoft Windows desktop and server editions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms this is exploitable over the network by any low-privileged authenticated user with no complexity or interaction requirements, yielding high confidentiality impact. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low barrier to exploitation and the ubiquitous deployment of Windows RDP make this a meaningful patching priority.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authenticated low-privileged attacker to elevate to SYSTEM by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server versions from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (afd.sys) lets an already-authenticated user execute code in kernel context and gain SYSTEM-level rights, affecting a broad Windows client and server range from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2/26H1 and Server 2025. The flaw is a CWE-416 use-after-free that yields total technical impact (C:H/I:H/A:H). Microsoft has shipped a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA's SSVC framework lists exploitation as none, with a low EPSS of 0.25% (16th percentile).

Local privilege elevation in the Windows Extensible Storage Engine (ESENT) database library allows an already-authenticated low-privileged user on affected Windows 10 1809, Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2025 systems to gain higher privileges, with full loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The flaw stems from improper access control (CWE-284) in a core OS component that services many system databases. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation allows an attacker to run arbitrary code by inducing a victim to open a maliciously crafted media file, exploiting a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). All supported Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 are affected. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low (0.83%) and CISA SSVC records exploitation status as none, but the technical impact is total.

Elevation of privilege in the Windows Hyper-V virtual network switch (VMSwitch) lets an authenticated attacker operating from a guest partition corrupt kernel memory via a use-after-free and gain higher privileges, with a scope change (S:C) indicating a guest-to-host escape. Rated CVSS 9.9 and affecting a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, this issue was reported by Microsoft and has a vendor patch available. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Information disclosure in Windows Print Spooler Components exposes memory contents to locally authenticated attackers via an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125). The flaw affects a sweeping range of Windows releases from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, making the affected surface extremely broad. Microsoft has released patched builds and the SSVC assessment confirms no observed exploitation, with EPSS at 0.31% (22nd percentile) corroborating a low immediate threat posture; however, Print Spooler's historical exploitation history (PrintNightmare family) warrants prompt patching given attacker familiarity with the component.

Remote code execution in the Windows SMB Server Network Transport driver (srvnet.sys) allows unauthenticated network attackers to run arbitrary code by triggering a use-after-free condition, affecting a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Because the CVSS vector is AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N (9.8 Critical), exploitation needs no authentication or user interaction, giving this the structural profile of a wormable SMB flaw similar to prior srvnet.sys issues. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC lists exploitation as 'none', with a modest EPSS of 0.57% (43rd percentile).

Local privilege escalation in the Windows File History Service lets an authenticated, low-privileged attacker corrupt a stack buffer (CWE-121) to run code with elevated (SYSTEM-level) privileges on affected Windows client and server releases. The flaw spans a broad range of supported editions from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025, including Server Core installations. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis, and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation lets an unauthenticated attacker run arbitrary code in the victim's context by delivering a malicious media file or stream that the target opens or plays. The flaw affects the Media Foundation multimedia framework across supported Windows 10, Windows 11 (through 26H1), and Windows Server 2016-2025 builds, and carries CVSS 8.8. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the CVSS profile of confidentiality, integrity, and availability all rated High marks this as a high-priority client-side RCE.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation allows an unauthenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the media-processing pipeline, per the CVSS:3.1 vector (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N). The flaw affects a broad range of client and server SKUs from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Microsoft has released patches; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, with EPSS estimating a modest 0.83% 30-day exploitation probability.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Win32k kernel-mode subsystem allows an authenticated low-privileged attacker to disclose sensitive kernel information and elevate to higher privileges on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2012 through 2025) systems. Microsoft has released patches; SSVC rates technical impact as total but exploitation status as none, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is low (0.50%, 39th percentile), consistent with a local-only, non-automatable flaw rather than mass-exploitable one.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Network File System (NFS) component allows an authenticated attacker to elevate to SYSTEM by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). Reported by Microsoft and affecting a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012-2025 releases, with a vendor patch available via MSRC. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and no CISA KEV listing.

Information disclosure in Windows File Explorer exposes sensitive memory contents to local attackers due to CWE-908 use of an uninitialized resource. Triggered when a local user interacts with File Explorer, the flaw allows memory contents - potentially including sensitive data from other processes or the OS - to be read without elevated privileges. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA has not listed this in KEV, but the breadth of affected platforms (Windows 10 through 11 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025) makes patching broadly applicable.

Uninitialized memory exposure in the Microsoft Windows Codecs Library enables a local attacker to disclose sensitive process memory contents on affected Windows systems. The flaw (CWE-908) requires user interaction - specifically opening or processing a specially crafted media file - but demands no elevated privileges. No public exploit code exists and no active exploitation is confirmed; EPSS sits at 0.51% (40th percentile), consistent with SSVC's 'Exploitation: none' assessment, making this a medium-severity, low-urgency issue relative to the breadth of affected platforms.

Remote code execution in Microsoft's Windows Network File System (NFS) server role affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. An unauthenticated network attacker who wins a race condition in a shared NFS resource can execute arbitrary code on the target. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none; EPSS is low at 0.64% (47th percentile), consistent with the high attack complexity of racing the vulnerable code path.

Elevation of privilege in the Windows Network File System (NFS) component affects a broad range of Microsoft platforms - Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 - where an authorized attacker can win a time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition over the network to gain higher privileges. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L) indicates a network-reachable but high-complexity flaw requiring low-level existing privileges, with full high impact to confidentiality, integrity and availability. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a Microsoft (MSRC) patch is available.

Privilege escalation in the Windows Remote Access Service (RRAS) Infrastructure allows an authenticated attacker to elevate privileges over the network by triggering an integer overflow (CWE-190) in affected code paths. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases (2012 R2 through 2025), and Microsoft has released a patch. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable EoP profile with only low privileges required makes it a meaningful patch priority.

Privilege escalation via a heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Network File System (NFS) role lets an authenticated, low-privileged network attacker send crafted requests to corrupt server heap memory and gain elevated privileges. Affected systems span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 wherever the Server for NFS role is present. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not in CISA KEV, but the 8.8 CVSS with a network-reachable, low-complexity, no-user-interaction profile makes it a meaningful patch priority on NFS hosts.

Local code execution in Microsoft Windows Terminal (shipped on Windows 10 21H2/22H2, Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1, and Windows Server 2022/2025) arises from an integer overflow (CWE-190) that an unauthorized attacker can trigger, but only after luring a logged-on user into interacting with malicious content. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not in CISA KEV, so this is a defense-in-depth patch rather than an emergency, though the CVSS 7.8 reflects full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact once triggered. Microsoft has released a patch via the MSRC update guide.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel allows an authenticated attacker to elevate to SYSTEM by exploiting a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory corruption condition, spanning Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Reported by Microsoft with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N), the flaw grants full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel (CWE-416 use-after-free) lets an already-authenticated low-privilege user corrupt kernel memory and gain SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 builds. Microsoft self-reported the flaw and has shipped a patch through the Update Guide; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. With CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/PR:L) it is a classic Patch-Tuesday local EoP suitable as a second-stage primitive after initial access.

Local code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation stems from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that lets an attacker run arbitrary code in the context of the exploiting process across a broad range of Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft rates it CVSS 8.4 (AV:L) with total confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC marks exploitation as none, while EPSS sits low at 0.48% (38th percentile).

Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows network driver affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025), where a race condition (CWE-362) in the shared network driver lets an unauthenticated network attacker who wins a timing window run arbitrary code with full system impact. Microsoft has shipped fixes and rates it 8.1 with high attack complexity; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC lists exploitation status as none, though the flaw is assessed as automatable with total technical impact. The EPSS probability is low (1.00%, 59th percentile), consistent with the high-complexity, not-yet-exploited profile.

Information disclosure in Microsoft Windows Schannel (the Secure Channel TLS/SSL provider) lets an authenticated, network-adjacent attacker read memory beyond an allocated buffer and leak sensitive data across a network connection. The flaw spans nearly the entire supported Windows family - Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Reported by Microsoft with a fix available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Windows Win32K information disclosure on multiple Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases allows a locally authenticated low-privilege user to read sensitive kernel-level data that should be inaccessible to user-space processes. Rooted in CWE-200 (improper exposure of sensitive information), the flaw exposes confidentiality-impacting data via the Win32K graphical subsystem without requiring elevated rights or user interaction from another party. No public exploit code has been identified, CISA SSVC rates exploitation status as 'none,' and the EPSS score of 0.47% (38th percentile) confirms low near-term exploitation probability.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop (RDP) allows an unauthorized network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering the use of an uninitialized resource (CWE-908). All currently supported Windows client and server releases are affected, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 9.8 with a network, no-privileges, no-interaction vector; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS file system driver allows an authenticated low-privileged user to gain SYSTEM-level rights by triggering an integer overflow (CWE-190) during filesystem processing. It affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available from Microsoft.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS driver lets an already-authenticated attacker corrupt heap memory to run code at a higher privilege level (typically SYSTEM) on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds. Microsoft reported the issue and has shipped a fix; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. With CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/PR:L) it is a valuable post-compromise pivot rather than an initial-access bug.

Local privilege escalation in the Win32k GRFX subsystem across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 lets an authenticated low-privileged local attacker elevate to SYSTEM by triggering an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125). The flaw was reported internally by Microsoft, a vendor patch is available via MSRC, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. CVSS is 7.8 (High), reflecting a local vector with low complexity and low privileges required.

Local privilege elevation in the Windows WebView component affects a broad range of currently-supported Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025). By triggering a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory-corruption condition, an already-authenticated low-privilege attacker can execute code in a higher-privilege context, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Null pointer dereference in the Windows SMB Server component allows an authenticated network attacker to crash the service across multiple Windows 10, 11, and Server editions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) confirms network exploitability with low-privilege credentials and complete availability impact, though confidentiality and integrity are unaffected. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; SSVC exploitation status is 'none' and EPSS sits at 0.79%, indicating low active exploitation pressure despite the broad product footprint.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft XML Core Services (MSXML) lets an already-authenticated user on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server systems corrupt memory via a use-after-free (CWE-416) and run code at elevated privilege. The flaw was reported by Microsoft and is patched; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS estimates a low 0.25% (16th percentile) exploitation probability. Impact is total (high confidentiality, integrity, and availability) but requires prior local access.

Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows an unauthenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the service's packet handling. The flaw carries a CVSS 9.8 with a fully remote, no-interaction, no-privilege vector and affects Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (plus the Windows 10 1607/1809 code base). At time of analysis there is no public exploit identified and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV, but the unauthenticated network-facing nature of the DHCP service makes it a high-priority patch.

Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) stack enables unauthenticated network attackers to disclose high-confidentiality memory contents from affected Windows systems, contingent on user interaction during an RDP session. The flaw (CWE-125) spans Windows 10 builds 1607 through 22H2, Windows 11 24H2 through 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. No active exploitation is confirmed by CISA KEV, SSVC rates it non-automatable with partial technical impact, and EPSS sits at 0.67% (48th percentile), indicating moderate-to-low near-term exploitation probability despite the high confidentiality impact in the CVSS score.

Local code execution in the Windows DHCP Client service stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory-corruption flaw affecting a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases (Server 2012 through Server 2025). Per the CVSS vector an unauthenticated attacker with local access can achieve high-impact code execution with no user interaction. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch through the MSRC update guide.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM) lets an already-authenticated, low-privileged attacker corrupt heap memory (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level control across Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. The CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 reflects a scope change into a higher-integrity context with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.

Uninitialized memory disclosure in the Windows SMB stack allows a locally authenticated attacker to read sensitive contents from uninitialized buffers, affecting Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. The flaw (CWE-908) resides in the SMB subsystem where a resource is consumed before being properly zeroed, leaking residual memory contents to a low-privileged local user. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; SSVC assessment places exploitation at none with partial technical impact, making this a standard patch-cycle priority rather than an emergency response item.

Local privilege escalation in Windows Runtime (WinRT) across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019 through 2025 allows an already-authenticated attacker to win a race condition and gain SYSTEM-level privileges. The flaw stems from concurrent access to a shared resource without proper synchronization, and full C:H/I:H/A:H impact indicates complete host compromise once triggered. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Clipboard Server (Cliprdr/RDP clipboard virtual channel service) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds (from 1809 through 11 26H1 and Server 2025). An authenticated local attacker who can trigger a use-after-free (CWE-416) in the service can corrupt memory to run code at elevated (SYSTEM-level) privilege. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) allows an unauthorized network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a type-confusion condition (CWE-843) in the OLE component. The flaw affects a broad range of client and server SKUs from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025, and carries a CVSS 8.1 (High) rating. No privileges or authentication are required per the CVSS vector, though the high attack complexity (AC:H) means exploitation depends on winning a specific timing or memory-state condition; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, where a use-after-free memory-corruption flaw lets an already-authenticated local user execute code with SYSTEM-level privileges. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC records exploitation as none; the low EPSS score (0.32%, 24th percentile) reflects the absence of observed exploitation, though the total technical impact makes it a valuable second-stage escalation primitive. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows DHCP Server (across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and Windows 10 1607/1809) allows an authenticated attacker on an adjacent network to elevate privileges by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). Exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H) on the affected server, effectively giving the attacker high-privilege control of the DHCP service host. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role (Windows Server 2012 through 2025, plus Windows 10 1607/1809) arises from a double-free (CWE-415) condition that an authorized, network-adjacent attacker can trigger to run arbitrary code in the DHCP service context. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N) indicates a network-reachable but high-complexity attack requiring low-level privileges, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing, so exploitation appears theoretical rather than active for now.

Denial of service in Windows Active Directory allows an authenticated network attacker to crash or degrade the directory service via an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125). The flaw affects Active Directory across Windows 10 (21H2/22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2022/2025 including Server Core; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Impact is primarily availability (A:H) with a minor confidentiality leak (C:L), and Microsoft has released a patch.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) allows an authenticated network attacker to elevate privileges due to improper authorization (CWE-285) in certificate request/enrollment handling across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and their Server Core installations. With a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) and full high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, a low-privileged domain user can abuse AD CS authorization checks to gain elevated rights, potentially up to domain compromise. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but AD CS abuse (ESC-class attacks) is a well-established, high-value target class.

Windows Cryptographic Services on multiple Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions contains a CWE-200 information disclosure flaw that allows a locally authenticated attacker with standard user privileges to read sensitive cryptographic material they should not be authorized to access. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms exploitation is entirely local and requires a pre-existing low-privilege session, positioning this as an insider threat or post-compromise scenario rather than an initial access vector. No public exploit code has been identified, CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none, and EPSS sits at only 0.47%, collectively indicating low real-world exploitation activity at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Hyper-V component affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1809/21H2/22H2, Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1, and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025). An authenticated low-privileged user can trigger a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level control on the host, with CVSS 3.1 rating 7.8. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the EPSS score is low (0.36%, 28th percentile).

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel allows an authenticated attacker to gain SYSTEM-level control by exploiting a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory corruption condition. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds - from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 - and was reported by Microsoft with a patch available. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Search Component affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, where a heap-based buffer overflow lets an already-authenticated local attacker corrupt memory and elevate to higher privileges (up to SYSTEM). The CVSS 3.1 score of 7.8 reflects local-only attack with low privileges required and no user interaction, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Cross-site scripting in Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) on Windows Server 2012 through 2025 enables an authorized, high-privileged attacker to inject malicious scripts into AD FS web pages, producing spoofing effects against users who interact with the affected portal. The CVSS vector (PR:H, UI:R, S:C) confirms this is a post-compromise capability requiring admin-level access and victim interaction, not an unauthenticated initial access vector. No active exploitation is confirmed - SSVC rates exploitation as 'none', EPSS sits at 0.38% (30th percentile), and the vulnerability is absent from CISA KEV - placing this firmly in the low-urgency category despite network reachability of the AD FS web interface.

Local privilege escalation in Windows Active Directory across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025) allows an authenticated local attacker to elevate privileges by triggering an integer overflow (CWE-190). Successful exploitation yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, effectively enabling escalation to SYSTEM-level control on the affected host. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has issued a patch via MSRC.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows USB Print Driver (usbprint) affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, where a use-after-free memory-corruption flaw lets an already-authenticated local user execute code with elevated (SYSTEM-level) privileges. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available and an SSVC 'total' technical-impact rating, it currently has no public exploit and a low EPSS score (0.25%, 16th percentile), indicating no observed exploitation to date. The bug requires an existing low-privilege foothold on the machine, making it a post-compromise escalation primitive rather than an initial-access vector.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel lets an authenticated attacker gain elevated (SYSTEM-level) privileges by triggering a NULL pointer dereference (CWE-476) in kernel-mode code. The flaw affects a broad range of client and server builds from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows NTFS (New Technology File System) driver lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user corrupt kernel memory via a use-after-free (CWE-416) and elevate to SYSTEM. The flaw affects a broad Windows client and server matrix (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1, Windows Server 2019/2022/2025). It has no public exploit identified at time of analysis and is not on CISA KEV, but as a Microsoft-reported, patched NTFS kernel bug it is a routine patch-priority item on standard Patch Tuesday cycles.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds through an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that an already-authenticated attacker can leverage to gain higher privileges. Microsoft has released patches, but there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the EPSS probability is low (0.24%). CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none while noting total technical impact, indicating a serious-but-not-yet-exploited kernel flaw typical of Patch Tuesday servicing.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Telephony Service (TAPI) affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. A local, low-privileged attacker who wins a race condition (CWE-362) in the service's handling of a shared resource can corrupt state and elevate to higher privileges, gaining full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the host. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV; EPSS was not provided.

Privilege escalation via heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions, requiring only physical access to the target device - no OS credentials needed. An attacker with hands-on access to the hardware can trigger a heap overflow in NTFS processing to gain elevated privileges, potentially achieving full system compromise (High C/I/A). No public exploit code has been identified and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, but the combination of zero authentication requirements and critical-level impact makes it a realistic threat for physically accessible endpoints. A vendor-supplied patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center.