Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessReach exposed RDP listener (TCP 3389)
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DeliverySend crafted RDP request
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ExploitTrigger off-by-one overread
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ExecutionLeak adjacent process memory
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ImpactHarvest disclosed sensitive data
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Off-by-one prevention
|
| Exploitation Conditions | No special conditions - remote unauthenticated exploitation against a reachable RDP listener of affected Windows/Windows Server builds (CVSS AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). The only real prerequisite is network reachability to the RDP service (typically TCP 3389). Exploitation is limited by anything that blocks pre-authentication access to the RDP stack: enforcing Network Level Authentication, fronting RDP with a VPN or RD Gateway, or firewalling port 3389 all prevent an unauthenticated attacker from reaching the flaw. Impact is further limited to information disclosure only (C:H/I:N/A:N) - no code execution, tampering, or denial of service - so a successful attack leaks memory rather than granting control. |
| Impact | The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) describes an easy, network-reachable, unauthenticated trigger, which produces the 7.5 base score, but impact is limited strictly to confidentiality (C:H, no integrity or availability). Real-world exploitation signals are comparatively low and mutually consistent: EPSS is only 0.89% (55th percentile), there is no KEV listing, no public POC, and CISA SSVC scores Exploitation: none, Automatable: no, Technical Impact: partial. Nothing here conflicts - it is an easily reachable but disclosure-only bug that is not yet weaponized. The main aggravating factor is prevalence: RDP is exposed on an enormous number of Windows hosts and internet-facing RDP is a perennial target, so a memory-disclosure flaw is worth patching promptly even though it is not code execution. Net priority: important but not an emergency - prioritize internet-exposed and jump-host RDP endpoints first. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who can reach an exposed RDP listener sends a specially crafted RDP request that triggers the off-by-one overread, causing the service to return a slice of adjacent server memory in its response. Repeating the request could progressively harvest sensitive memory contents such as session data or credential fragments. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis, and the low-complexity network vector means no user interaction or authentication is needed to attempt it. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv2 – Jul 21, 2026
Information disclosure in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker read out-of-bounds memory across a wide swath of Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025). The root cause is an off-by-one error (CWE-193) that overreads adjacent memory, potentially leaking sensitive process data; CVSS is 7.5 with confidentiality-only impact and no code execution. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the low EPSS (0.89%) plus CISA SSVC exploitation status of 'none' indicate no observed exploitation yet.
Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
Off-by-one memory boundary error in the Windows Remote Desktop Protocol exposes sensitive memory contents over the network to unauthenticated remote attackers on all major Windows client and server releases. The CWE-193 root cause allows the RDP parser to read one element beyond an allocated buffer boundary, yielding a high-confidentiality-impact information disclosure (C:H) with no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions - spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 - gives this a wide potential attack surface warranting prompt patching.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: apply the Microsoft security update that raises each affected build to at or above its fixed version (for example Windows 11 24H2 to 10.0.26100.8875, Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5386, Server 2012 R2 to 6.3.9600.23291, Server 2025 to 10.0.26100.33158) as listed in the MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50497. Until patching completes, reduce exposure by restricting RDP (TCP 3389) at the network edge so it is not reachable from the internet, placing RDP behind a VPN or Remote Desktop Gateway, and enforcing Network Level Authentication (NLA) so unauthenticated attackers cannot reach the vulnerable pre-auth code path - note that NLA requires clients supporting CredSSP and may break legacy thin clients. Where RDP is not required, disable Remote Desktop entirely, accepting the loss of remote interactive administration. Firewall/allowlist source IPs to known admin jump hosts to shrink the reachable attack surface.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 32 packages in microsoft, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw lives in the Remote Desktop Protocol stack that services connections to the Windows Terminal Services/RDP listener (typically TCP 3389). CWE-193 (off-by-one) means a length or index calculation is miscomputed by a single element, causing the RDP service to read one unit beyond an intended buffer boundary and return that adjacent memory content over the wire. Because the CVSS impact is C:H/I:N/A:N, the bug leaks memory rather than corrupting it, so the practical consequence is disclosure of process memory (which could contain sensitive fragments) rather than a crash or code execution. The CPE set spans microsoft:windows_10_* (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), windows_11_* (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and windows_server_2012/2012_r2, and per the tags and EUVD data also Server 2016/2019/2022/2025 including Server Core installations, indicating the vulnerable RDP code is shared broadly across the Windows codebase.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Remote unauthenticated overread of the RDP listener with no user interaction gives AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N; impact is disclosure-only, so C:H and I/A:N.
Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionNVD
Off-by-one error in Windows Remote Desktop Protocol allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Executive ViewAI
Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)-used widely for remote access and server administration-contains a vulnerability allowing remote attackers to access sensitive data such as encryption keys or credentials without authentication. The flaw affects a massive installed base spanning Windows 10 and Windows Server across 14 years of releases, creating exposure for countless organizations. Although no attacks have been observed to date, the potential for credential theft and lateral movement makes rapid patching essential.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
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