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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-755
OWASP Top 10:2025
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Exception handling procedures
Impact

CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. CISA has confirmed active exploitation in the wild. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 94.27%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the critical-severity affected system.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: In CISA KEV with patch available.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) Patch available 94.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts 2 2.3.x before 2.3.32 and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 has incorrect exception handling and error-message generation during file-upload attempts, which allows. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affected Packages

maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core fix: 2.3.32, 2.5.10.1

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-755. The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts 2 2.3.x before 2.3.32 and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 has incorrect exception handling and error-message generation during file-upload attempts, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted Content-Type, Content-Disposition, or Content-Length HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March 2017 with a Content-Type header containing a #cmd= string. Affected products include: Apache Struts, Ibm Storwize V3500 Firmware, Ibm Storwize V5000 Firmware, Ibm Storwize V7000 Firmware, Lenovo Storage V5030 Firmware. Version information: before 2.3.32.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Added to CISA KEV
Apr 21, 2026 - 15:31 CISA
CVE Published
Mar 11, 2017 - 02:59 cve.org
CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionCVE.org

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts 2 2.3.x before 2.3.32 and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 has incorrect exception handling and error-message generation during file-upload attempts, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted Content-Type, Content-Disposition, or Content-Length HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March 2017 with a Content-Type header containing a #cmd= string.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
7.8/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
94.3%
Top 0% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
NVD CVE.org CISA KEV EPSS POC (2) Exploit-DB GitHub Metasploit

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV Yes
Public POC Yes
EPSS 94.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
In CISA KEV with patch available
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Immediate
Exploitation· derived
Active
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
High

Priority Score

228
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: +50
EPSS: +94
CVSS: +49
PoC: +20
Weaponized: +15
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ibm:storwize_v3500_firmware:7.7.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ibm:storwize_v3500_firmware:7.8.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ibm:storwize_v5000_firmware:7.7.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ibm:storwize_v5000_firmware:7.8.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ibm:storwize_v7000_firmware:7.7.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ibm:storwize_v7000_firmware:7.8.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:storage_v5030_firmware:7.7.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:storage_v5030_firmware:7.8.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:hp:server_automation:9.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:hp:server_automation:10.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:hp:server_automation:10.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:hp:server_automation:10.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:hp:server_automation:10.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:weblogic_server:10.3.6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:weblogic_server:12.1.3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:weblogic_server:12.2.1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:weblogic_server:12.2.1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:arubanetworks:clearpass_policy_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 1 more

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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html ADVISORY https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-045 ADVISORY https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-046 ADVISORY https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-045.html ADVISORY https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-046.html REF http://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2017-002.txt REF http://www.eweek.com/security/apache-struts-vulnerability-under-attack.html REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96729 REF http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037973 REF https://git1-us-west.apache.org/repos/asf?p=struts.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=352306493971e7d5a756d61780d57a76eb1f519a REF https://git1-us-west.apache.org/repos/asf?p=struts.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=6b8272ce47160036ed120a48345d9aa884477228 REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-hpesbgn03733en_us REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-hpesbgn03749en_us REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-hpesbhf03723en_us REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1125f3044a0946d1e7e6f125a6170b58d413ebd4a95157e4608041c7%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6d03e45b81eab03580cf7f8bb51cb3e9a1b10a2cc0c6a2d3cc92ed0c%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r90890afea72a9571d666820b2fe5942a0a5f86be406fa31da3dd0922%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20170310-0001/ REF https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/len-14200 REF https://twitter.com/theog150/status/841146956135124993 REF https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2017-5638 REF https://www.imperva.com/blog/2017/03/cve-2017-5638-new-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability-in-apache-struts-2/ REF https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/834067 REF https://www.symantec.com/security-center/network-protection-security-advisories/SA145

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