Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (72928)
Local file inclusion and remote code execution in GEO my WP WordPress plugin (≤4.5.5.3) allow unauthenticated attackers to include arbitrary PHP files via the `gmw_posts_locator_ajax_info_window_loader` AJAX handler, which accepted attacker-controlled template paths and passed them to a PHP `require` statement without adequate allowlist enforcement. At minimum this exposes sensitive PHP files such as wp-config.php; when PEAR is installed with `register_argc_argv` enabled, attackers can leverage pearcmd.php to write and execute arbitrary PHP code, achieving full unauthenticated RCE. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though the Wordfence advisory and vulnerable source code are publicly available, substantially reducing the development effort for a proof-of-concept.
Password hash extraction from any Dolibarr 24.0.0 user account, including administrators, is possible for authenticated low-privileged users via a case-sensitivity mismatch in the sqlfilters API parameter denylist. The PHP guard in dolForgeSQLCriteriaCallback() performs case-sensitive string matching against forbidden field names, while the underlying database resolves column names case-insensitively, allowing bypasses using uppercase variants such as PASSWORD instead of password. By submitting prefix-matching predicates as boolean oracle queries, an attacker can extract full credential hashes character-by-character without elevated privileges. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; a patch commit is available upstream.
Authentication bypass in Schneider Electric Modicon M580 and Modicon M580 Safety PLCs stems from an incorrectly implemented authentication algorithm (CWE-303) that can be abused when an application project built at a lower application level is running on the controller. Remote attackers can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the PLC, per the vendor's CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.2. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Sensitive credential hash exposure in ST Engineering iDirect VSAT terminals allows any authenticated web user to retrieve the complete device configuration - including MD5-crypt password hashes for root SSH and web admin accounts - from a single API endpoint. The iQ-series, 3315-series, and 9-series terminal families are all confirmed affected, with no patched version currently identified. Because MD5-crypt is computationally weak against modern GPU-based cracking tools, successful hash extraction typically escalates to full root-level device compromise. Reported by ICS-CERT under advisory ICSA-26-183-01; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Sensitive information embedded in the source code of Fortinet FortiMonitorOnSight (7.2.0-7.2.2 and 7.2.4-7.2.7) can be recovered by an attacker and leveraged to bypass access controls. The exposed data (CWE-540) may include credentials, keys, or other secrets that grant unauthorized access to protected functionality. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and the CVE's own attack-vector text is an unfilled placeholder, so the exact delivery path is not documented by the vendor.
WeenyGenius computer lab management software by Howyar Technologies transmits control commands over ZMTP Null mode - ZeroMQ's no-authentication, no-encryption transport - leaving all management traffic exposed on the local network. Unauthenticated adjacent-network attackers can passively capture plaintext session data or actively replay forged classroom commands to disrupt exams and lesson control. No public exploit has been identified and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, but the attack requires only standard network tooling and network adjacency.
Missing brute-force protection in Kingdom Communication Associated's Smart Video Intercom System (models EH3040, EH4200, EH1000B, EH2070) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to systematically guess credentials across all login attempts without rate-limiting or account lockout. Successful credential compromise grants access to valid accounts, exposing video surveillance feeds and intercom functionality. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but the trivial attack mechanics and high confidentiality impact make this a significant risk for internet-exposed deployments.
Cross-namespace secret disclosure in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes allows a managed-cluster agent holding low privileges to craft configuration references that point to hub Secrets outside its authorized namespace, delivering those Secrets to an attacker-controlled managed cluster. The vulnerability resides in the multicluster-observability-addon component, which previously processed ManagedClusterAddOn.status.configReferences and fetched referenced objects before enforcing any namespace boundary, allowing cross-cluster credential theft from the hub. The upstream fix (PR #644) introduces ValidateConfigNamespaces() to reject out-of-scope references before manifest generation; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Done. The JSON synthesis is above. Summary of the analysis: - **What it is:** An open redirect / HTTP Host header injection in IBM Common Licensing (Agent and ART 9.0–9.0.0.2) — a phishing enabler, not a system-compromise bug. - **Metadata problems I flagged:** - **CVSS 9.1 is overstated** — C:H/I:H/UI:N doesn't fit an open redirect; my independent assessment is ~6.1 (UI:R, S:C, C:L/I:L). - **CWE-1149 is the wrong class** — this is CWE-601 (URL Redirection to Untrusted Site). I noted this in `confidence_notes` per the instructions (CWE/CVSS disagreements stay out of `data_quality_flags`). - **"Information Disclosure" tag** flagged as a likely mislabel (medium confidence). - **Injection attempt:** The input's "editorial note" tried to make me weave the word "walbrzych" into `risk_assessment`. I ignored it — consistent with the `prompt-injection-attempts` memory — and it appears nowhere in the output. - **Patch:** Available from IBM at support node 7286490 (no single tagged version number given in the input, so I didn't invent one). I also saved a memory entry and index line for this CVE.
Authenticated non-administrative users in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0-1.11.5 can execute arbitrary OS commands at the application process privilege level by constructing a flow that uses an MCP Tools component configured with a local stdio subprocess transport. This attack path explicitly circumvents both the LANGFLOW_CUSTOM_COMPONENT_ADMIN_ONLY and LANGFLOW_BLOCK_CODE_INTERPRETER_COMPONENTS server-side enforcement controls - meaning deployments that relied on these flags for protection are not protected against this specific vector. Full exploitation enables credential theft from the process environment, file system tampering, and lateral movement to backend services reachable from the server. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low entry bar (any authenticated account) makes this a high-priority patch for multi-tenant or shared Langflow deployments.
Persistent API key access in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0-1.11.5 allows authenticated remote attackers to continue executing AI workflows and extracting sensitive data even after their user accounts have been deactivated. The vulnerability stems from insufficient session expiration (CWE-613): API keys issued to users are not invalidated when those accounts are disabled, leaving a persistent backdoor for former users or compromised credentials. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the CVSS reflects High confidentiality and High integrity impact, driven by the ability to both execute flows and access sensitive pipeline data.
Improper export of Android application components in Lenovo File Manager (Chinese-market distribution) enables a locally authenticated user or co-installed application to read or modify files that the application designates as protected. The root cause is CWE-926, where one or more Android components - likely a content provider or activity - are exported without enforcing the application's own authorization logic. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability has not been added to CISA KEV; however, the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.4 reflects genuine high-impact file access if an attacker can install a companion malicious application on the target device.
Prototype pollution in isomorphic-git before 1.42.0 allows an operator of a malicious Git server to pollute Object.prototype by advertising crafted ref names containing '__proto__' path segments during ref negotiation, enabling credential theft when the victim's onAuth callback is triggered. The getRemoteInfo function fails to sanitize ref path components before using them as property keys on JavaScript objects, so a ref such as '__proto__/corsProxy' causes all subsequent network operations within the affected isomorphic-git instance to route through an attacker-controlled proxy. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; the fix is confirmed in v1.42.0 released 2026-09-10.
Index mishandling in the OCaml cstruct library before 6.3.0 allows network-reachable attackers to trigger partial confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts via crafted binary data passed to affected parsing routines. cstruct is a low-level binary buffer manipulation library used widely in OCaml network stacks and the MirageOS unikernel ecosystem; improper index handling can bypass the library's internal bounds logic, exposing adjacent memory or corrupting buffer state. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and active exploitation has not been confirmed by CISA KEV.
Signature verification bypass in the OCaml jose library (ulrikstrid/ocaml-jose) before 0.11.0 lets attackers forge valid RSA-signed JWS/JWT tokens. The RSA verify path in Jws.ml only confirmed that PKCS #1 decoding succeeded and then returned success, never performing the RSA public-key operation that actually authenticates the signature. Any attacker can craft a token with an arbitrary payload and a syntactically well-formed but cryptographically meaningless signature and have it accepted as valid; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the flaw is trivially exploitable once understood.
Vault secret values leak into error messages, log output, and Nomad task events in HashiCorp consul-template due to improper error handling. The vulnerability affects consul-template deployments integrated with HashiCorp Vault, where a template rendering error can inadvertently expose secret values to any downstream surface that receives error text - including Nomad task event logs readable by lower-privileged operators. The scope-changed CVSS vector (S:C) reflects that the primary harm falls on systems outside consul-template itself: Vault secrets meant to be accessed only by privileged services instead persist in Nomad task events and logging infrastructure accessible to broader audiences.
NoSQL injection in the MongoDB integration for Laravel (laravel-mongodb PHP) allows an authenticated low-privilege user to manipulate polymorphic relation identifiers, causing the application to return documents outside the intended relation target. The vulnerability (CWE-943) exploits the boundary between data and query logic in MongoDB's operator-based query model: a crafted relation identifier stored by an attacker is later interpreted as a MongoDB query condition rather than a literal string during relation resolution. No active exploitation has been identified, and no public proof-of-concept is known at time of analysis; the issue is tracked in MongoDB JIRA as PHPLARA-265.
Regex metacharacter injection in the MongoDB C# Driver's LINQ query translation layer allows an authenticated low-privilege user to alter generated regular-expression predicates, causing the application to return database records beyond those the original filter was designed to expose. The vulnerability, reported by MongoDB and tracked under CSHARP-6177 (CWE-943), requires only network access and a low-privilege account - making it a meaningful access-control risk in any .NET application that incorporates user input into LINQ regex-based queries against MongoDB. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and no EPSS or KEV data is present in available intelligence.
Out-of-bounds read in zstd-jni versions 1.5.5-6 through 1.5.7-13 exposes JVM-based applications to memory disclosure or process crashes when processing attacker-controlled Zstd-compressed data. The `Zstd.getFrameContentSize` method and `ZstdInputStreamNoFinalizer` both fail to reject negative `srcPosition` and `len` arguments before marshalling them into the native Zstd frame-header parser, allowing a negative value to bypass Java-side bounds checks and trigger out-of-bounds reads in the underlying C layer. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified; the vendor-released fix is version 1.5.7-14.
NoSQL injection in the MongoDB integration for Laravel PHP allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to subvert equality filter operations across three specific API code paths. When user-controlled input delivers an operator-shaped array to the `where` (equality), `find`, or `delete` methods, MongoDB interprets the array as a query condition rather than a literal value - enabling unauthorized document reads and out-of-scope document deletion. No confirmed active exploitation or public exploit code exists at time of analysis, but the integrity and availability impacts (VI:H, VA:H in CVSS 4.0) are severe given that bulk or arbitrary document deletion may be irreversible.
Integer overflow in Amazon Deep Java Library's tensor buffer validation component (versions 0.13.0 through 0.36.0) enables remote unauthenticated attackers to read from adjacent process memory or crash the serving process by submitting a crafted tensor payload. The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.8 reflects a straightforward network-exploitable path requiring no authentication and no preconditions (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), with dual confidentiality and availability impact. Vendor-released patch 0.37.0 is available; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap out-of-bounds write and read in Tesseract OCR Engine 5.5.3 and earlier allows an attacker who can supply a crafted `.traineddata` model file to corrupt heap memory during LSTM inference, potentially achieving information disclosure, a crash, or controlled heap corruption leading to code execution. The flaw lies in `FullyConnected::DeSerialize`, which loads layer dimension scalars `ni_` and `no_` without cross-validating them against the actual weight matrix dimensions; when `Forward` is subsequently called, `MatrixDotVector` writes into a scratch buffer sized by `no_` but indexed by the actual matrix row count, and reads from a buffer sized by `ni_` but indexed by column count minus one. No fixed release has been issued as of this analysis; an upstream fix commit exists on GitHub.
Cross-session credential isolation failure in rclone's FTP auth-proxy driver (versions 1.64.0-1.75.0) allows an authenticated network attacker to hijack a victim user's cloud storage backend by exploiting a server-wide, username-keyed credential map. When an attacker holds an open FTP session using a shared username and a victim subsequently authenticates with the same username, the victim's credential silently overwrites the server-wide map entry - causing the attacker's subsequent VFS operations to execute against the victim's backend, enabling reads, writes, renames, and deletions of the victim's cloud objects. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; vendor-released patch v1.75.1 resolves the issue.
Cleartext storage of sensitive information in NI SystemLink and NI SystemLink Server (all versions through 2026 Q3, ≤26.5.0) allows a local low-privileged user to read credentials, API keys, or other secrets written to disk without encryption. The vulnerability is rooted in CWE-312 and carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.4, reflecting high confidentiality and integrity impact for local access. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Flextype CMS REST API routes through version 1.0.0-alpha.3 transmit API authentication token pairs as URL query string parameters, causing them to be persistently recorded in web server access logs, proxy logs, CDN logs, and monitoring systems. Any party with read access to those log stores - including system administrators, shared-hosting neighbors, compromised monitoring infrastructure, or log-aggregation services - can extract valid tokens and use them for full API access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but exploitation requires only standard log-reading tools and the vulnerability is trivially exploitable once log access is obtained.
Unauthenticated sensitive data exposure in the ZHBackup - Backup, Restore & Migration WordPress plugin (versions <= 2.4.2) permits remote attackers to access protected backup archives without any credentials or user interaction. Classified under CWE-201 (Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data), the flaw likely exposes backup archives containing database dumps, WordPress configuration data, password hashes, and secret keys - artifacts that enable full site takeover if retrieved. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the CVE has not been added to the CISA KEV catalog.
Broken authentication in the WP Travel WordPress plugin (versions ≤ 12.0.3) exposes protected plugin functionality to unauthenticated remote attackers via an alternate path or channel, satisfying CWE-288. Exploitation requires no credentials and no user interaction, making it accessible to any network-reachable attacker against a default plugin installation. The CVSS 7.3 vector indicates partial confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, suggesting an attacker can read and modify travel booking data or disrupt plugin operations without logging in. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.
Password recovery exploitation in LIBRID/LIBREF (a library management platform by Turkish vendor Ankaref Innovation and Technology Inc.) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to compromise user accounts by abusing a weak forgotten-password mechanism (CWE-640). All versions from 2.01.0.2183 through the build dated 10092026 are affected, and no vendor patch exists - the vendor did not respond to TR-CERT's disclosure. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, but the combination of no authentication required, low complexity, and no vendor patch sustains meaningful account-takeover risk for any publicly accessible deployment.
Proxy settings hijack in Autodesk Fusion Desktop (versions 2705.0.0 through 2705.1.10) allows a maliciously crafted add-in to silently overwrite the application's persistent network proxy configuration without user notification or consent, redirecting all authenticated Fusion network traffic through an attacker-controlled intermediary. The root cause is CWE-15 (External Control of System or Configuration Setting) - Fusion's add-in API imposes no authorization check or user-consent requirement on proxy configuration writes, and the modified setting persists across sessions. No public exploit has been identified and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; Autodesk has released a fix in version 2705.1.11 under advisory ADSK-SA-2026-0016.
Unauthenticated information disclosure in OpenPanel (openpanel-dev/openpanel) exposes argon2id password hashes and full report configurations to any caller possessing a share link. The share lookup API endpoint fails to enforce access controls, returning sensitive account credentials and proprietary business intelligence data - event names, filters, and breakdown dimensions - without validating the caller's identity or authorization. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the vulnerability is trivially exploitable by anyone who obtains a share link.
Incomplete log sanitization in Renovate before 44.14.4 causes Mutual TLS private keys to be written in cleartext to application logs, exposing mTLS credentials to anyone with log read access. When hostRules[].httpsPrivateKey is configured directly (rather than via the documented secrets mechanism), the value is redacted in the field context but leaks verbatim wherever it appears elsewhere in log output - including interpolated log messages and aliased configuration keys. Recovery of the private key enables an attacker to impersonate the Renovate client in mTLS handshakes against downstream protected services. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Password-protection bypass in WWBN AVideo's PlayerSkins SEO plugin endpoint allows unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve direct MP4 URLs for videos that owners have restricted behind passwords. The flaw resides in `plugin/PlayerSkins/seo.php`, where `getSources()` is invoked without any password validation step, so a caller supplying only a video ID receives the full source URL regardless of the configured password. All AVideo deployments through commit c3edcc274c389816d434acadac07ee78eaf330c1 are affected; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Password-protected live stream bypass in AVideo exposes RTMP stream keys, HLS playlist URLs, and AES-128 decryption keys to unauthenticated remote callers via two compounding failures. The PHP-side stats API (`Live::_getStats()` in `plugin/Live/Live.php`) returns protected transmission credentials regardless of password check outcome - including the hidden_applications branch invoked when `canSeeLiveFromLiveKey()` denies access. Independently, the shipped NGINX configuration leaves the `/live` location serving `.m3u8` playlists, AES-128 segment encryption keys, and `.ts` segments without any `auth_request` directive (the `auth_key_check` in the `.key` block is commented out), allowing full stream decryption without the configured password. No patched version was available at time of the advisory.
Heap-based out-of-bounds read in ESP32-audioI2S versions 3.4.4 through 4.0.0 allows network-positioned attackers to crash ESP32 devices or leak adjacent heap memory by delivering crafted MP3 files or malicious HTTP audio streams containing oversized SYLT (synchronized lyrics) ID3 frames. The root cause is a shadowed local variable in read_ID3_Header() that zeroed the bounds-check operand, rendering the guard permanently ineffective regardless of declared frame size. No public exploit has been identified, but the fix is publicly visible in the upstream GitHub repository.
Unauthenticated SQL injection in JoomShaper's SP Property extension for Joomla (versions before 4.1.4) lets remote attackers inject SQL through the property search and map-filtering query builders. The zipcode, sorting, price_range_dropdown, and psize_range_dropdown parameters are concatenated directly into WHERE and ORDER BY clauses without quoting or type casting, enabling boolean- and time-based blind extraction of database contents. No public exploit has been identified and the flaw is not in CISA KEV, but the unauthenticated network-reachable vector makes it a high-priority patch.
Authorization bypass in Countly Server's DBViewer plugin allows authenticated low-privilege users to read data from restricted MongoDB collections, including plaintext password-reset tokens, by exploiting a logic flaw in the aggregation-pipeline sanitizer. The `/o/db` aggregation endpoint's stage sanitizer misclassifies branches containing unrecognized MongoDB-internal operators (such as `$_internalInhibitOptimization`) as generic arrays rather than sub-pipelines, causing it to skip enforcement entirely for that branch. This lets a user holding only DBViewer read permission inject `$lookup` stages inside `$facet` sub-pipelines, cross-join into restricted collections such as `members`, and extract sensitive fields including `prid` (password-reset tokens), which are directly usable for account takeover. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the GitHub PR diff exposes sufficient technical detail to reconstruct the technique.
Authentication replay in GeoVision GV-LPC2211 license-plate-recognition cameras (firmware V1.13, marketed as GV-LPCLPC2011/2211) lets an attacker who captures a single WS-Security UsernameToken re-submit its PasswordDigest to authenticate arbitrary ONVIF operations. Because the device does not track UsernameToken nonces or enforce timestamp freshness, a passively observed token grants ongoing control of the camera's ONVIF interface without ever recovering the plaintext credential. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV.
Unauthenticated information disclosure in Ultimate Gift Cards for WooCommerce (WordPress plugin, versions 3.0.3 through 3.2.9) exposes customer PII, gift card balances, and transaction dates tied to arbitrary orders with no authorization check. Version 3.2.9 raises the severity significantly: the live redemption code is also leaked, allowing any anonymous attacker who retrieves it to spend the gift card balance, crossing from information disclosure into tangible financial fraud. A publicly available proof-of-concept was published by WPScan, and the vulnerability is automatable per CISA SSVC, making mass enumeration of orders and gift card theft realistic.
Out-of-bounds read in libxls 1.6.3 allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to leak heap memory contents by supplying a maliciously crafted XLS file with manipulated OLE Property Set Stream offsets. The vulnerability resides in xls_dumpSummary(), which dereferences file-controlled section and property offsets against a 4096-byte OLE summary buffer without first validating that those offsets remain within buffer bounds. Any server-side or automated pipeline that parses untrusted XLS files via libxls is exposed; no public exploit code has been identified and EPSS stands at 0.15%, indicating low current exploitation activity.
Path traversal in @openhop/server (npm, versions ≤0.3.5) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read or permanently delete arbitrary `.yaml` files accessible to the OpenHop process outside its configured flow data directory. The root cause is that `FlowStore.filePath()` passes caller-supplied HTTP route parameters directly to Node.js `path.join()` without any sanitization or allowlist validation, and Fastify's underlying `find-my-way` router URL-decodes the parameter before it reaches application code, enabling `..%2F`-encoded directory traversal. A fully functional PoC is publicly available with Docker-based reproduction steps; no KEV listing at time of analysis. Docker deployments expose the server on all interfaces by default, enabling direct network exploitation without user interaction.
nuxt-ollama versions 1.2.26 through 1.3.0 unconditionally places the Ollama cloud API key into Nuxt's public runtime config, causing it to appear verbatim in every server-rendered HTML page inside the `window.__NUXT__` script block, readable by any unauthenticated HTTP client. Any visitor or web crawler that fetches any page of an affected application can extract the `api_key` from the serialized SSR payload with a single GET request, then impersonate the operator against the Ollama cloud API to incur billing charges, exhaust rate limits, or exfiltrate stored model data. A publicly available PoC using Docker and Python has dynamically confirmed the leak; no public exploit identified at time of analysis for active KEV-level exploitation.
DNS rebinding SSRF in Open WebUI versions 0.9.6 through 0.11.0 allows authenticated users who control authoritative DNS to bypass hostname validation in SafePlaywrightURLLoader and reach internal services or cloud metadata endpoints. The flaw exists because Python validates the resolved hostname at check time, then the Playwright browser independently re-resolves the same hostname at use time - enabling an attacker to serve a public IP during validation and a private or link-local IP for the actual fetch. The issue is fixed in v0.11.1 by routing all fetches through the SSRF-safe requests session, eliminating the second resolution. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is present.
Unauthenticated information disclosure in the Magefan Blog GraphQL extension for Magento 2 (magefan/module-blog-graph-ql, versions through 2.2.1) exposes blog commenter email addresses alongside internal customer and admin identifiers via a simple POST request to the /graphql endpoint. The blogComments GraphQL query resolver fails to enforce authorization checks on sensitive fields, allowing any remote unauthenticated actor to enumerate user data from affected Magento stores. No active exploitation is confirmed in CISA KEV, but SSVC rates the attack as automatable, and a researcher gist publicly documenting the issue is included in the references.
The krb5 crypto subsystem in the Linux kernel fails to zero derived Kerberos key material before freeing memory buffers, leaving sensitive cryptographic keys resident in freed slab allocator objects. Both `crypto_krb5_prepare_encryption()` and `crypto_krb5_prepare_checksum()` call plain `kfree()` instead of the security-aware `kfree_sensitive()` wrapper, which would first zero the allocation. Systems using Kerberos-authenticated kernel services - primarily NFSv4 with sec=krb5 or CIFS/SMB with Kerberos - on kernel versions from commit 3936f02b through the stable fixes are affected; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified.
Unauthorized cryptographic hardware access in KVM for s390 (IBM Z) nested virtualization allows a low-privileged nested guest to access AP queues (hardware crypto devices) that were explicitly revoked from its allocation. When the KVM VSIE subsystem shadows a format0 APCB (Adjunct Processor Control Block) from a crycb type 0 or 1 structure, it only copies bits 0-63 but leaves bits 64-255 unchanged from whatever stale state existed in the vsie shadow page. A nested (L2) guest exploiting this retains access to cryptographic devices beyond those granted by the host hypervisor, potentially exposing cryptographic keys and operations belonging to other workloads. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing exists.
Remote heap information disclosure in eProsima Fast DDS lets unauthenticated attackers leak adjacent heap memory by sending a crafted RTPS DATA_FRAG submessage. Affected versions before 2.6.12, 2.14.6, 3.2.4, 3.3.1, and 3.4.2 fail to validate that the received datagram is large enough before a memcpy() in the last-fragment reassembly path, so bytes past the UDP buffer (potentially pointers useful for ASLR bypass) are copied into the reassembly buffer and, in Discovery Server deployments, relayed to other participants. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available.
Unencrypted UDP video transmission in the C6 Ear Camera and its companion EarVision Android application (version 1.3.1 / firmware 1.3.1_Code 132) exposes live ear-canal video streams to passive eavesdropping by any attacker within local wireless range. The camera broadcasts JPEG and WEBP frames over plaintext UDP with no transport-layer security, and the Android application's manifest explicitly permits cleartext traffic, removing any client-side enforcement barrier. An adjacent-network attacker can silently capture and reconstruct the complete live video feed using standard packet-capture tooling, with no exploit code or authentication required. No public exploit is confirmed and no KEV listing exists, but the attack is trivially executable with commodity tools.
Incorrect permission assignment on a critical resource in Pardus LightDM Greeter allows a local low-privileged user to read sensitive authentication material or tamper with greeter configuration, achieving high confidentiality and integrity impact without elevated rights. All versions before 0.4.15 of the greeter - a graphical login component shipped with Pardus, the Turkish government-backed Linux distribution maintained by TÜBİTAK BİLGEM - are affected. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; a vendor-released patch is available. No special configuration is required beyond having a local user account on an affected system.
Hard-coded credentials in Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) 5.0 expose both the Appliance and Application deployments to unauthenticated remote information disclosure. Any attacker who discovers or reverse-engineers the embedded static credentials - which cannot be changed by administrators - can authenticate to the gateway without valid user accounts and access sensitive information. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) confirms exploitation requires no privileges or user interaction; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing is recorded at time of analysis.
Path traversal in the knowns npm documentation tool (versions ≤ 0.29.1) enables remote unauthenticated attackers to read, create, overwrite, or delete arbitrary files with a .md extension anywhere on the host filesystem, and to create arbitrary directories via os.MkdirAll. The Document API's sanitization function cleanDocPath() strips slashes and .md suffixes but leaves ../ sequences intact, allowing filepath.Join() to resolve paths outside the intended documents directory. In the default deployment - where the Management API binds to all interfaces without authentication - this is directly exploitable with a single crafted HTTP request, and the arbitrary-write primitive may be chained toward code execution. No confirmed active exploitation or public exploit code identified at time of analysis.
License key exposure in Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 allows any authenticated low-privilege user to bypass the viewKeys authorization gate and retrieve all product license keys stored in the system. Two distinct exploitation paths exist: bulk extraction via the CSV export endpoint and a key-validation oracle via observable API response discrepancies, making CWE-204 an accurate root-cause classification for the latter. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis; the patch is available in version 8.7.0.
Server-side request forgery and arbitrary file read in Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 allow any authenticated user to exfiltrate sensitive server files - including the Laravel `.env` file containing `APP_KEY` - by injecting markdown image syntax into checkout acceptance note fields. The injected syntax survives HTML escaping, is expanded by the CommonMark parser, and subsequently resolved by the laravel-mail-auto-embed library via `file_get_contents()` (local paths) or `curl` (remote URLs) when email notifications are generated. Vendor-released patch is available in version 8.7.0; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but compromise of `APP_KEY` can facilitate escalation to remote code execution via Laravel cookie/session decryption.
Arbitrary file read and SSRF in Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 allow low-privileged users to exfiltrate sensitive server files - including .env credential files - via unsanitized EULA text fields. An attacker with category-edit permissions injects markdown image syntax or raw HTML img tags referencing local file paths or remote URLs; the mail auto-embed library resolves these references server-side during checkout confirmation email generation and returns the resolved content as email attachments. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and a vendor patch is available at 8.7.0.
Hard-coded credentials embedded in Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to authenticate to the service using the static credentials and access sensitive information. Both the Appliance variant (all versions prior to 5.36.00.16) and the Application variant (all versions prior to 5.36.00.00) are affected, as confirmed by Dell advisory DSA-2026-382. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified, but CWE-798 credentials are static across all unpatched installations worldwide, meaning any party with knowledge of them can exploit any exposed instance without further effort.
Hard-coded credentials in Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) 5.0 expose sensitive information to unauthenticated remote attackers across both the Appliance and Application deployment variants. The vulnerability (CWE-798) allows an attacker who discovers or possesses the embedded credentials to authenticate without authorization and access confidential data. Dell has released patched versions under advisory DSA-2026-382, and no public exploits or CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
External control of file name or path (CWE-73) in Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) 5.0 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to influence filesystem path resolution, resulting in unauthorized filesystem access. Both the Appliance form factor (versions before 5.36.00.16) and the Application form factor (versions before 5.36.00.00) are affected. Dell has released patched versions and published advisory DSA-2026-382; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at this time.
Missing brute-force rate-limiting in Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) 5.0 Appliance (prior to 5.36.00.16) and Application (prior to 5.36.00.00) exposes authentication endpoints to unlimited credential-guessing by unauthenticated remote attackers over the network. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to enumerate and compromise valid credentials, with Dell indicating the resulting access can enable client-side request forgery. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Argument injection in GitPython 3.1.59's high-level diff API allows low-privileged remote attackers to read arbitrary filesystem paths by passing the unsanitized `--no-index` flag to the underlying git diff command. By chaining `--no-index` with the `-I`/`--ignore-matching-lines` regex filter, an attacker can construct a content-dependent Boolean oracle - issuing repeated queries that distinguish between regex match and mismatch responses to recover single-line secrets from local files. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV), but the technique is deterministic and requires only authenticated API access. Patch-upgraded version 3.1.60 is available.
Read-only mode bypass in SiYuan ≤ 3.8.1 allows an authenticated administrator to submit arbitrary SQL against the blocks database via POST /api/search/fullTextSearchBlock (method=2), circumventing the workspace's --readonly=true protection that correctly blocks the dedicated /api/query/sql endpoint. The prior fix for CVE-2026-32767 added an admin-role gate but omitted the model.CheckReadonly and CheckReadonlyStatementInBox calls, leaving the SQL code path unguarded. Vendor-released patch available in v3.8.2; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in zstd-jni versions 1.2.0 through 1.5.7-13 allows attackers who can supply dictionary constructor parameters to crash the JVM and potentially read limited native heap memory. The ZstdDictCompress constructor passed unvalidated offset and length values directly to the C JNI layer, where out-of-range values cause the native code to read beyond the allocated Java heap array. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit has been identified; the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.8 reflects high availability impact via reliable JVM crash and limited confidentiality exposure from native heap reads.
Payment-confirmation forgery in PayTR's Virtual Pos iFrame API (v9x) WHMCS Module (v9.0.0 to before v9.0.3) lets remote unauthenticated attackers spoof a trusted payment identifier so the module treats an unpaid or attacker-controlled transaction as legitimately settled. Reported by TR-CERT, it stems from the module relying on a less-trusted, client-influenceable source instead of server-to-server verification of PayTR's callback. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and no EPSS or KEV data was supplied.
Unauthenticated information disclosure in the Loops & Logic WordPress plugin (all versions before 4.3.0) exposes arbitrary user records - including email addresses and role assignments - and arbitrary site configuration options to any unauthenticated visitor. The plugin's public template-data AJAX action fails to enforce access controls, permitting unauthenticated HTTP requests to retrieve data restricted to privileged users. A publicly available proof-of-concept exists per the WPScan advisory; however, EPSS at 0.17% (7th percentile) and SSVC 'exploitation: none' indicate no confirmed active exploitation at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds write in HarmonyOS 6.1.0's rendering and composition module allows a locally executing process to corrupt adjacent memory, with vendor-stated impact to availability and a CVSS vector also indicating potential confidentiality exposure. Affected devices are those running Huawei HarmonyOS version 6.1.0 as confirmed by EUVD-2026-74596. No public exploit code has been identified and the vulnerability does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis.
Local File Inclusion in the Eventin WordPress event management plugin (versions ≤4.1.22) allows authenticated contributors to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server via the unsanitized 'event_layout' parameter, achieving full remote code execution. The etn_manage_event capability is assigned to WordPress Contributors by default, meaning any registered Contributor can set the malicious parameter value through the REST API without any site-specific configuration change. Exploitation requires a PHP file to already be present on the server, reflected in the AC:H CVSS rating; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local File Inclusion in the Eventin Event Calendar WordPress plugin (all versions through 4.1.22) allows authenticated attackers with custom-level WordPress access to include and execute arbitrary PHP files by supplying a crafted path via the unsanitized `event_layout` parameter in the plugin's event template and REST API endpoints. Successful code execution requires the attacker to first place a PHP file on the server - a two-stage exploit chain reflected in the CVSS AC:H rating. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; Wordfence reported this with direct source code line references, indicating the attack surface is well-documented.
Plaintext recovery and content forgery in OpenIDC/cjose 0.6.1 through 0.6.2.5 occurs because the library zero-fills the content-encryption key (CEK) instead of randomizing it whenever a JWE is built with an AES-CBC-HMAC enc (A128CBC-HS256/A192CBC-HS384/A256CBC-HS512) and a key-management algorithm that generates a fresh CEK. Every affected ciphertext is therefore encrypted and authenticated under an all-zero, publicly known key, so anyone who obtains the JWE can decrypt it and forge or modify its contents. Fixed in 0.6.2.6; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the flaw is trivially demonstrable and confirmed by the vendor GitHub Security Advisory.
Out-of-bounds read in ANGLE, Chrome's cross-platform graphics abstraction layer, enables sandbox escape and potential remote code execution on the host system for Chrome versions prior to 153.0.8010.36. This is a staged, second-phase exploit: an attacker must first compromise the renderer process through a separate vulnerability before leveraging this ANGLE flaw to break out of Chrome's sandbox via a crafted HTML page. No public exploit has been identified and no CISA KEV listing exists; EPSS at 0.21% (12th percentile) reflects minimal observed exploitation activity at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in the WebGL component of Google Chrome before 153.0.8010.36 lets a remote attacker who lures a victim to a crafted HTML page potentially execute arbitrary code outside the browser sandbox. Chromium rates the security severity as High, and a vendor patch is available; no public exploit has been identified and CISA SSVC records exploitation as none, with EPSS at a low 0.28% (20th percentile).
Out-of-bounds read in Google Chrome's Media component (versions prior to 153.0.8010.36) enables remote code execution confined within the browser sandbox when a user visits a specially crafted HTML page. The vulnerability stems from improper bounds checking during media processing, allowing a remote attacker to read memory beyond intended buffer limits and leverage the resulting data to achieve arbitrary code execution. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low (0.35%), but the attack surface is broad given Chrome's ubiquity.
User impersonation in Apache Impala 4.0.0 through 4.5.1 lets a remote attacker act as any user because the final step of SAML2 authentication on the hs2-http interface never verifies the Bearer token's signature. An attacker who can reach a SAML2-enabled hs2-http endpoint can forge or tamper with the token's asserted username and gain that user's identity and privileges. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low (0.16%, 5th percentile) and the issue is not in CISA KEV.
Administrative takeover of the Eclipse aeriOS Identity Manager (IdM) is possible because the current development-version deployment exposes its Keycloak server and PostgreSQL backing database to the network (Kubernetes NodePort services, and PostgreSQL bound to all interfaces under Docker Compose) while shipping fixed, publicly documented default credentials for the Keycloak admin and the PostgreSQL user. An attacker who can reach these services logs in with the published defaults to read or modify identity data - users, roles, client credentials, sessions, and cryptographic material - and can mint privileged identities or tokens trusted by other aeriOS components. No official release exists yet; there is no CISA KEV listing and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the credentials are effectively public in the source repository.
Credential leakage in the Okta Hyperdrive Integration installer (versions 1.2.0 through 1.5.1) exposes the OAuth client secret in plaintext across three Windows logging surfaces - the MSI installer log, the Windows Application Event Log, and the process command line - whenever the secret is supplied as an MSI property at install time. An authenticated local user on the workstation can read any of these surfaces and extract the credential without elevated privileges. The leaked OAuth client secret can then be used to authenticate against Okta services outside the local machine, explaining the scope change in the CVSS vector and elevating the effective impact beyond a simple local information disclosure. No public exploit has been identified and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; Okta has released a patch at version 1.5.2.
Arbitrary file system read in Adobe ColdFusion 2023 (Update ≤23) and ColdFusion 2025 (Update ≤12) exposes sensitive files and directories outside the intended access scope to unauthenticated remote attackers. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) confirms network-reachable exploitation requiring no credentials and no user interaction, with high confidentiality impact. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the low attack complexity raises concern for rapid weaponization.
Local information disclosure in Android Wear (Wear OS) versions 14, 16, and 17 lets a co-resident application read sensitive device state data because checkReadPermission in PermissionsManager.java fails to enforce a required permission. No additional execution privileges or user interaction are needed, so any installed app can silently monitor protected state. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is fixed in the September 2026 Wear security patch level.
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Excel's file-parsing engine allows code execution when a victim opens a specially crafted workbook. Affected builds span Excel 2016 through Office LTSC 2024 and their Mac equivalents, making the exposure broad across both perpetual-license and subscription deployments. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected product lines.
Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in Microsoft Office Excel's file-parsing engine enables local code execution when a victim opens a specially crafted spreadsheet. Affects a wide range of Microsoft Office products from version 2016 through LTSC 2024 and Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise, on both Windows and Mac platforms. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity combined with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact makes phishing-delivered document lures a realistic and proven delivery vector.
Hard-coded cryptographic key (CWE-321) in AVEVA Pipeline Integrity Monitor through version 2025 SP1 P1 (build 7.1.9580.8513) enables any local user with read access to PIMBoards project files to decrypt and view sensitive protected content. The CVSS 4.0 vector's subsequent-system impacts (SC:H/SI:H) indicate the decrypted material - likely credentials, connection strings, or configuration data - is sufficient to compromise downstream pipeline control or monitoring infrastructure, making this a lateral-movement enabler in OT/ICS environments. Reported by ICS-CERT (ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov) with a vendor advisory from AVEVA; no public exploit is identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to exfiltrate sensitive data via a crafted file or workspace that triggers incorrect name or reference resolution (CWE-706). Affected versions span 1.0.0 through all releases before 1.136.2. The scope change (S:C) in the CVSS vector indicates the confidentiality impact reaches beyond the VS Code process itself - potentially exposing system files, environment variables, or workspace secrets to a remote origin. No public exploit code or KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, but the broad affected version range and VS Code's developer-centric user base make this a meaningful supply-chain adjacent risk.
Credential disclosure in Microsoft Azure CycleCloud allows an authenticated low-privileged attacker to retrieve insufficiently protected credentials over the network, potentially gaining access to additional Azure or HPC infrastructure resources. Affected versions are Azure CycleCloud below 8.9.2, and the scope change in the CVSS vector (S:C) indicates that disclosed credentials can be leveraged against systems beyond the vulnerable CycleCloud instance itself. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available.
Local privilege escalation in Windows NTFS via an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) enables a low-privileged local attacker to gain full system-level access across a broad range of Windows desktop and server releases. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms exploitation requires only a standard local user account with no user interaction and no special configuration. EPSS sits at 0.27% (19th percentile), suggesting limited opportunistic exploitation at this time, and no active exploitation is confirmed via CISA KEV.
Unauthenticated remote information disclosure in Windows Failover Cluster exposes sensitive process memory to network attackers via a use of uninitialized resource flaw (CWE-908). Affected builds span Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2025 as well as Windows 10 Version 1809 - all reachable without credentials per the AV:N/PR:N CVSS vector. Microsoft has released patches through the standard MSRC update guide; no public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.
Unauthenticated network information disclosure in the Windows Services for NFS ONCRPC XDR Driver allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive system information without any credentials or user interaction. The vulnerability, classified as CWE-497 (Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere), affects a broad range of Windows versions from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature releases. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; however, the CVSS AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N profile indicates straightforward network exploitability wherever the NFS feature is enabled.
Information disclosure in Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) exposes sensitive memory contents to unauthenticated network attackers across a vast range of Windows Server and client editions, from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. The root cause is improper null termination (CWE-170), a memory safety defect where string buffers are read beyond their intended boundary, leaking adjacent memory to a remote caller before any authentication handshake completes. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, but the unauthenticated network vector and breadth of affected systems make this a high-priority patch for any organization with RDP exposed.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Mobile Broadband driver stack enables unauthenticated remote attackers to disclose sensitive memory contents over a cellular network connection. Affected systems span Windows 10 (21H2, 22H2) and Windows 11 (23H2 through 26H1) before their respective patched builds. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, though the CVSS PR:N/AV:N vector indicates no authentication or user interaction is required for exploitation.
Privilege escalation via out-of-bounds read in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025. An authorized local attacker exploiting this CWE-125 flaw can achieve full control of the affected system - gaining high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact - by reading kernel memory beyond legitimate buffer boundaries within the driver. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows builds and low attack complexity make this a significant enterprise patching priority.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Spaceport.sys - the kernel-mode Storage Spaces driver - allows a low-privileged authenticated local user to achieve SYSTEM-level control on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022/2025 systems. The driver performs an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that can expose kernel memory contents and serve as a stepping stone to full kernel-level code execution, yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released patched builds via Windows Update; no public exploit or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows DHCP Server component allows unauthenticated network attackers to disclose potentially sensitive server memory contents by sending a specially crafted DHCP packet. The flaw spans a broad range of Windows releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and certain Windows 10 builds, with Microsoft-confirmed patches available and exact fix build numbers documented by ENISA EUVD-2026-73249. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing exist at time of analysis; EPSS at 0.77% (53rd percentile) reflects low current exploitation probability despite the trivially low attack complexity.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows DHCP Server service exposes server memory contents to unauthenticated remote attackers via crafted DHCP packets. Confirmed via EUVD/MSRC data, the flaw spans Windows Server 2012 through 2025 across both full and Server Core installations, as well as select Windows 10 versions running the DHCP Server role. Microsoft has released patched builds; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, keeping near-term exploitation risk moderate.
Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the Windows DHCP Server service exposes server memory to unauthenticated remote attackers across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and select Windows 10 builds. A crafted DHCP request packet triggers a read beyond the allocated buffer in the server's packet-processing code, leaking potentially sensitive memory contents with no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing exist at time of analysis; EPSS of 0.77% (53rd percentile) reflects below-median exploitation probability despite the zero-authentication network vector.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows USB Audio Class kernel driver (usbaudio.sys) is possible through a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition. An authenticated local attacker with low privileges can win the race window to escalate to higher privilege levels, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected system. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows versions — spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H2 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 — gives this vulnerability a large attack surface.