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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Safe deserialization, type allowlists
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

CVSS score of 8.1 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, high complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. CISA has confirmed active exploitation in the wild. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 94.32%.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through malicious serialized objects by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: In CISA KEV with patch available.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) Patch available 94.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Avoid deserializing untrusted data. Use safe serialization formats (JSON). Implement integrity checks and type allowlists.

Affected Packages

maven org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin fix: 2.3.34, 2.5.13

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code through malicious serialized objects. The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads. Affected products include: Apache Struts, Cisco Digital Media Manager, Cisco Hosted Collaboration Solution, Cisco Media Experience Engine, Cisco Network Performance Analysis. Version information: through 2.3..

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.1 HIGH
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Added to CISA KEV
Apr 21, 2026 - 15:31 CISA
CVE Published
Sep 15, 2017 - 19:29 cve.org
HIGH 8.1

DescriptionCVE.org

The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
7.4/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
94.3%
Top 0% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV Yes
Public POC Yes
EPSS 94.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
In CISA KEV with patch available
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
Active
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
High

Priority Score

219
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: +50
EPSS: +94
CVSS: +40
PoC: +20
Weaponized: +15
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Insecure deserialization occurs when an application converts serialized data (a stream of bytes representing an object's state) back into a living object without proper validation.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:digital_media_manager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:10.5\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:11.0\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:11.5\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:11.6\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:media_experience_engine:3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:media_experience_engine:3.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_performance_analysis:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:video_distribution_suite_for_internet_streaming:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_balance:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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