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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-20
OWASP Top 10:2025
A03:2021 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V5 - Validation, Sanitization and Encoding Input validation, output encoding, parameterized queries
Impact

Critical risk (CVSS 9.8, EPSS 94.4%). ManageEngine products (ServiceDesk Plus, ADManager Plus, etc.) manage critical IT infrastructure. Over 20 products were affected. Mass exploitation in January 2023 compromised organizations globally.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends a crafted SAML assertion to the ManageEngine SSO endpoint. The assertion contains an XSLT transform that executes Java Runtime.exec(). The ManageEngine server processes the assertion during SAML verification, executing the attacker's commands with the service account's privileges.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: In CISA KEV with patch available.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) Patch available 94.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 26, 2026

Multiple Zoho ManageEngine on-premise products allow unauthenticated remote code execution through SAML SSO functionality due to use of a vulnerable Apache XML Security library, massively exploited in January 2023.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 26, 2026 - 11:19 CVSS 9.8

Multiple ManageEngine products using SAML single sign-on are vulnerable to unauthenticated RCE due to the inclusion of Apache Santuario xmlsec 1.4.1, which allows XSLT code execution during SAML assertion processing.

RemediationAI

Apply ManageEngine security updates. Disable SAML SSO if not required. Monitor for unauthorized access to ManageEngine admin interfaces. Check for web shells in ManageEngine directories.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The CWE-20 vulnerability leverages Apache XML Security for Java 1.4.1's XSLT processing during SAML signature verification. The library was designed to delegate security to the application, but ManageEngine's implementation doesn't restrict XSLT execution. Attackers send crafted SAML responses containing XSLT transforms that execute arbitrary Java code.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

4
Added to CISA KEV
Oct 31, 2025 - 14:39 cisa
CISA KEV
PoC Detected
Oct 31, 2025 - 14:39 vuln.today
Public exploit code
Patch released
Oct 31, 2025 - 14:39 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Jan 18, 2023 - 18:15 nvd
CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionNVD

Multiple Zoho ManageEngine on-premise products, such as ServiceDesk Plus through 14003, allow remote code execution due to use of Apache Santuario xmlsec (aka XML Security for Java) 1.4.1, because the xmlsec XSLT features, by design in that version, make the application responsible for certain security protections, and the ManageEngine applications did not provide those protections. This affects Access Manager Plus before 4308, Active Directory 360 before 4310, ADAudit Plus before 7081, ADManager Plus before 7162, ADSelfService Plus before 6211, Analytics Plus before 5150, Application Control Plus before 10.1.2220.18, Asset Explorer before 6983, Browser Security Plus before 11.1.2238.6, Device Control Plus before 10.1.2220.18, Endpoint Central before 10.1.2228.11, Endpoint Central MSP before 10.1.2228.11, Endpoint DLP before 10.1.2137.6, Key Manager Plus before 6401, OS Deployer before 1.1.2243.1, PAM 360 before 5713, Password Manager Pro before 12124, Patch Manager Plus before 10.1.2220.18, Remote Access Plus before 10.1.2228.11, Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM) before 10.1.41. ServiceDesk Plus before 14004, ServiceDesk Plus MSP before 13001, SupportCenter Plus before 11026, and Vulnerability Manager Plus before 10.1.2220.18. Exploitation is only possible if SAML SSO has ever been configured for a product (for some products, exploitation requires that SAML SSO is currently active).

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using that face critical risk from CVE-2022-47966, a input validation vulnerability rated CVSS 9.8. Successful exploitation could critically impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. This vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild (KEV-listed) and requires immediate remediation. A patch is available and should be applied immediately given the critical severity.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
9.8/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
94.4%
Top 0% exploitable
Threat Intel
4
1 sources
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
NVD CVE.org CISA KEV EPSS POC (4) THREAT GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV Yes
Public POC Yes
EPSS 94.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
In CISA KEV with patch available
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Immediate
Exploitation· derived
Active
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

238
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: +50
EPSS: +94
CVSS: +49
PoC: +20
Weaponized: +15
Threat intel: +10
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4300:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4301:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4302:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4303:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4304:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4305:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4306:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_access_manager_plus:4.3:build4307:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4300:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4302:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4303:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4304:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4305:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4306:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4308:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_ad360:4.3:4309:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_adaudit_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_adaudit_plus:7.0:7000:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 136 more

More in Zoho

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CVE-2016-6600 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jan 23

Directory traversal vulnerability in the file upload functionality in ZOHO WebNMS Framework 5.2 and 5.2 SP1 allows remot
CVE-2015-8249 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Sep 28

The FileUploadServlet class in ManageEngine Desktop Central 9 before build 91093 allows remote attackers to upload and e
CVE-2014-5005 HIGH POC
7.5 Oct 21

Directory traversal vulnerability in ZOHO ManageEngine Desktop Central (DC) before 9 build 90055 allows remote attackers
CVE-2015-7765 CRITICAL POC
9.0 Oct 09

ZOHO ManageEngine OpManager 11.5 build 11600 and earlier uses a hardcoded password of "plugin" for the IntegrationUser a
CVE-2015-7766 CRITICAL POC
9.0 Oct 09

PGSQL:SubmitQuery.do in ZOHO ManageEngine OpManager 11.6, 11.5, and earlier allows remote administrators to bypass SQL q
CVE-2014-6037 HIGH POC
7.5 Oct 26

Directory traversal vulnerability in the agentUpload servlet in ZOHO ManageEngine EventLog Analyzer 9.0 build 9002 and 8
CVE-2015-7387 HIGH POC
7.5 Sep 28

ZOHO ManageEngine EventLog Analyzer 10.6 build 10060 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass intended restrictions
CVE-2016-6601 HIGH POC
7.5 Jan 23

Directory traversal vulnerability in the file download functionality in ZOHO WebNMS Framework 5.2 and 5.2 SP1 allows rem
CVE-2014-6034 MEDIUM POC
5.0 Dec 04

Directory traversal vulnerability in the com.me.opmanager.extranet.remote.communication.fw.fe.FileCollector servlet in Z
CVE-2014-3996 HIGH POC
7.5 Dec 05

SQL injection vulnerability in the LinkViewFetchServlet servlet in ManageEngine Desktop Central (DC) and Desktop Central
CVE-2017-11512 HIGH POC
7.5 Nov 08

The ManageEngine ServiceDesk 9.3.9328 is vulnerable to arbitrary file downloads due to improper restrictions of the path
CVE-2014-7866 HIGH POC
7.5 Dec 10

Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in ZOHO ManageEngine OpManager 8 (build 88xx) through 11.4, IT360 10.3 and

Same weakness CWE-20 – Improper Input Validation

View all
CVE-2021-44228 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2024-3400 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2023-22515 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2009-0927 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2017-9791 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2017-15944 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2019-0604 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2012-0391 CRITICAL POC
9.8

Same technique RCE

View all
CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2023-3519 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
9.8

Threat IntelligenceMISP

Threat Actors
Storm-0501
Malware Families
QuiteRAT
ATT&CK Techniques (observed)
T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application T1588.006 - Vulnerabilities
Sources: MITRE ATT&CK, MISP Galaxies (CC0), Metasploit/Nuclei

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://www.manageengine.com/security/advisory/CVE/cve-2022-47966.html ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/218935 REF https://github.com/apache/santuario-xml-security-java/tags?after=1.4.6 REF https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2022-47966 REF https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-47966 REF https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-250a

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