Monthly
Rewrite valve processing in Apache Tomcat contains an off-by-one error (CWE-193) in the handling of the [N] (Next) flag, causing rule iteration to restart from the second rewrite rule instead of the first, which can produce unintended looping behavior and result in a denial-of-service condition. Affected supported versions span Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.120, 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, and 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24; the EOL 8.5.x branch is also affected but will not receive a fix. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV), EPSS stands at 0.20% (10th percentile), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in Google Chrome's DevTools (versions prior to 152.0.7977.65) lets a remote attacker who convinces a user to install a crafted Chrome extension read adjacent memory inside the renderer sandbox via an off-by-one error. Chromium rates the security severity as Low, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; SSVC lists exploitation status as none and EPSS is negligible (0.16%, 6th percentile).
Out-of-bounds heap write in hashcat's fgetl() function affects all versions through 7.1.2, triggered by supplying any input file - hash file, potfile, or wordlist - containing a line of exactly HCBUFSIZ_LARGE bytes, causing a one-byte null write past the caller's buffer. The resulting heap corruption can crash hashcat or, in a worst case, create memory exploitation primitives; confidentiality is unaffected (VC:N per the CVSS 4.0 vector) while availability impact is rated high. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and a vendor-released patch commit is available.
Off-by-one error in Nimiq Albatross' validity store enables transaction replay attacks, causing double execution of any crafted transaction on MainNet. Versions of nimiq-blockchain up to and including 1.5.0 contain a strict-inequality comparison that prematurely expires replay protection by up to 59 blocks (~10 minutes), while the protocol continues to accept the transaction as valid. Any network participant can exploit this by choosing a specific validity_start_height, resulting in the sender being debited twice and the recipient credited twice. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified; vendor patch 1.5.1 is available.
GNU Emacs for Android leaks heap memory contents through a crafted TrueType variable font, enabling ASLR bypass as a stepping stone to further exploitation. The flaw resides in the gvar table parser (src/sfnt.c), where an off-by-one error in shared-coordinate index boundary checks allows a font file to trigger an out-of-bounds heap read via memcpy. Attack delivery is broad: malicious fonts can reach victims through email rendered in Emacs, EWW (Emacs Web Wowser) browsing, or documents applying custom faces - all requiring user interaction but no authentication. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; an upstream fix commit is available but no formally released patched version has been independently confirmed.
Buffer over-read when forwarding messages in Thunderbird allows remote attackers to crash the application by triggering an off-by-one error in MIME header parsing, with a possible but limited information leak of one byte. Affected versions are prior to 153 and 140.13; the user must have the non-default 'view all headers' option enabled while forwarding a specifically crafted email. At time of analysis, there is no evidence of active exploitation (not listed in CISA KEV) and EPSS indicates very low exploitation likelihood.
DNS stub and forward zone resolution in NLnet Labs Unbound 1.13.2 through 1.25.1 is silently bypassed due to an off-by-one error in the default-enabled `harden-below-nxdomain` feature. When a configured stub or forward zone apex is nested two or more labels beneath a DNSSEC-signed public zone and the resolver cache holds a DNSSEC-secure NXDOMAIN for the intermediate label, the guard logic walks one label too far, causing the stub/forward upstream to be permanently shadowed without error. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and CVSS 3.7 with AC:H reflects the narrow but realistic conditions common in enterprise private namespace deployments.
Information disclosure in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker read out-of-bounds memory across a wide swath of Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025). The root cause is an off-by-one error (CWE-193) that overreads adjacent memory, potentially leaking sensitive process data; CVSS is 7.5 with confidentiality-only impact and no code execution. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the low EPSS (0.89%) plus CISA SSVC exploitation status of 'none' indicate no observed exploitation yet.
Stack-based memory corruption in GIMP's PNM image parser lets an attacker execute code or crash the application when a victim opens a malicious PNM/PBM/PGM/PPM file. The flaw is an off-by-one in pnmscanner_gettoken() that writes a null terminator one byte past a stack buffer; it is local and requires the user to open the crafted file (UI:R). No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is low (0.12%), consistent with the CISA SSVC 'Exploitation: none' judgment.
Denial of service in the Libreswan IPsec VPN's pluto daemon allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash and repeatedly restart the daemon by sending an invalidly formatted IKEv2 fragment. The off-by-one flaw affects any deployment permitting IKEv2 connections that do not explicitly set fragmentation=no, with no authentication or user interaction required; repeated exploitation sustains the outage. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and no remote code execution is possible despite the mislabeled 'RCE' tag.
Rewrite valve processing in Apache Tomcat contains an off-by-one error (CWE-193) in the handling of the [N] (Next) flag, causing rule iteration to restart from the second rewrite rule instead of the first, which can produce unintended looping behavior and result in a denial-of-service condition. Affected supported versions span Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.120, 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, and 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24; the EOL 8.5.x branch is also affected but will not receive a fix. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV), EPSS stands at 0.20% (10th percentile), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in Google Chrome's DevTools (versions prior to 152.0.7977.65) lets a remote attacker who convinces a user to install a crafted Chrome extension read adjacent memory inside the renderer sandbox via an off-by-one error. Chromium rates the security severity as Low, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; SSVC lists exploitation status as none and EPSS is negligible (0.16%, 6th percentile).
Out-of-bounds heap write in hashcat's fgetl() function affects all versions through 7.1.2, triggered by supplying any input file - hash file, potfile, or wordlist - containing a line of exactly HCBUFSIZ_LARGE bytes, causing a one-byte null write past the caller's buffer. The resulting heap corruption can crash hashcat or, in a worst case, create memory exploitation primitives; confidentiality is unaffected (VC:N per the CVSS 4.0 vector) while availability impact is rated high. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and a vendor-released patch commit is available.
Off-by-one error in Nimiq Albatross' validity store enables transaction replay attacks, causing double execution of any crafted transaction on MainNet. Versions of nimiq-blockchain up to and including 1.5.0 contain a strict-inequality comparison that prematurely expires replay protection by up to 59 blocks (~10 minutes), while the protocol continues to accept the transaction as valid. Any network participant can exploit this by choosing a specific validity_start_height, resulting in the sender being debited twice and the recipient credited twice. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified; vendor patch 1.5.1 is available.
GNU Emacs for Android leaks heap memory contents through a crafted TrueType variable font, enabling ASLR bypass as a stepping stone to further exploitation. The flaw resides in the gvar table parser (src/sfnt.c), where an off-by-one error in shared-coordinate index boundary checks allows a font file to trigger an out-of-bounds heap read via memcpy. Attack delivery is broad: malicious fonts can reach victims through email rendered in Emacs, EWW (Emacs Web Wowser) browsing, or documents applying custom faces - all requiring user interaction but no authentication. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; an upstream fix commit is available but no formally released patched version has been independently confirmed.
Buffer over-read when forwarding messages in Thunderbird allows remote attackers to crash the application by triggering an off-by-one error in MIME header parsing, with a possible but limited information leak of one byte. Affected versions are prior to 153 and 140.13; the user must have the non-default 'view all headers' option enabled while forwarding a specifically crafted email. At time of analysis, there is no evidence of active exploitation (not listed in CISA KEV) and EPSS indicates very low exploitation likelihood.
DNS stub and forward zone resolution in NLnet Labs Unbound 1.13.2 through 1.25.1 is silently bypassed due to an off-by-one error in the default-enabled `harden-below-nxdomain` feature. When a configured stub or forward zone apex is nested two or more labels beneath a DNSSEC-signed public zone and the resolver cache holds a DNSSEC-secure NXDOMAIN for the intermediate label, the guard logic walks one label too far, causing the stub/forward upstream to be permanently shadowed without error. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and CVSS 3.7 with AC:H reflects the narrow but realistic conditions common in enterprise private namespace deployments.
Information disclosure in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker read out-of-bounds memory across a wide swath of Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025). The root cause is an off-by-one error (CWE-193) that overreads adjacent memory, potentially leaking sensitive process data; CVSS is 7.5 with confidentiality-only impact and no code execution. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the low EPSS (0.89%) plus CISA SSVC exploitation status of 'none' indicate no observed exploitation yet.
Stack-based memory corruption in GIMP's PNM image parser lets an attacker execute code or crash the application when a victim opens a malicious PNM/PBM/PGM/PPM file. The flaw is an off-by-one in pnmscanner_gettoken() that writes a null terminator one byte past a stack buffer; it is local and requires the user to open the crafted file (UI:R). No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is low (0.12%), consistent with the CISA SSVC 'Exploitation: none' judgment.
Denial of service in the Libreswan IPsec VPN's pluto daemon allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash and repeatedly restart the daemon by sending an invalidly formatted IKEv2 fragment. The off-by-one flaw affects any deployment permitting IKEv2 connections that do not explicitly set fragmentation=no, with no authentication or user interaction required; repeated exploitation sustains the outage. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and no remote code execution is possible despite the mislabeled 'RCE' tag.