Denial of Service
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
How It Works
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions. Attackers exploit asymmetry: minimal attacker effort produces disproportionate resource consumption on the target. Application-level attacks use specially crafted inputs that trigger expensive operations—a regex engine processing malicious patterns can backtrack exponentially, or XML parsers recursively expand entities until memory exhausts. Network-level attacks flood targets with connection requests or amplify traffic through reflection, but application vulnerabilities often provide the most efficient attack surface.
The attack typically begins with reconnaissance to identify resource-intensive operations or unprotected endpoints. For algorithmic complexity attacks, adversaries craft inputs hitting worst-case performance—hash collision inputs filling hash tables with collisions, deeply nested JSON triggering recursive parsing, or pathological regex patterns like (a+)+b against strings of repeated 'a' characters. Resource exhaustion attacks open thousands of connections, upload massive files to unbounded storage, or trigger memory leaks through repeated operations. Crash-based attacks target error handling gaps: null pointer dereferences, unhandled exceptions in parsers, or assertion failures that terminate processes.
Impact
- Service unavailability preventing legitimate users from accessing applications during attack duration
- Revenue loss from downtime in e-commerce, SaaS platforms, or transaction processing systems
- Cascading failures as resource exhaustion spreads to dependent services or database connections pool out
- SLA violations triggering financial penalties and damaging customer trust
- Security team distraction providing cover for data exfiltration or intrusion attempts running concurrently
Real-World Examples
CVE-2018-1000544 in Ruby's WEBrick server allowed ReDoS through malicious HTTP headers containing specially crafted patterns that caused the regex engine to backtrack exponentially, freezing request processing threads. A single attacker could saturate all available workers.
Cloudflare experienced a global outage in 2019 when a single WAF rule containing an unoptimized regex hit pathological cases on legitimate traffic spikes. The .*(?:.*=.*)* pattern exhibited catastrophic backtracking, consuming CPU cycles across their edge network until the rule was disabled.
CVE-2013-1664 demonstrated XML bomb vulnerabilities in Python's XML libraries. Attackers uploaded XML documents with nested entity definitions-each entity expanding to ten copies of the previous level. A 1KB upload could expand to gigabytes in memory during parsing, crashing applications instantly.
Mitigation
- Strict input validation enforcing size limits, complexity bounds, and nesting depth restrictions before processing
- Request rate limiting per IP address, API key, or user session with exponential backoff
- Timeout enforcement terminating operations exceeding reasonable execution windows (typically 1-5 seconds)
- Resource quotas limiting memory allocation, CPU time, and connection counts per request or tenant
- Regex complexity analysis using linear-time algorithms or sanitizing patterns to eliminate backtracking
- Circuit breakers automatically rejecting requests when error rates or latency thresholds indicate degradation
- Load balancing and autoscaling distributing traffic across instances with automatic capacity expansion
Recent CVEs (40009)
This vulnerability in the Linux kernel's NILFS2 filesystem causes a kernel panic when the system is booted with panic_on_warn enabled and checkpoint metadata corruption is detected. A local attacker with standard user privileges can trigger this denial of service by crafting malicious NILFS2 filesystem images or corrupting checkpoint metadata on disk, causing the kernel to panic and crash the system. The vulnerability affects multiple Linux kernel versions across several stable branches, with patches available from the vendor, but EPSS exploitation probability remains very low at 0.01 percentile, indicating this is not actively exploited in the wild.
A denial of service vulnerability (CVSS 5.5). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures. Vendor patch is available.
A memory leak vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel's AMD GPU (amdgpu) driver within the hpd_rx_irq_create_workqueue() function, where allocated memory for work queue structures fails to be properly freed if workqueue construction fails partway through initialization. This affects all Linux kernel versions with the vulnerable amdgpu driver code and requires local access with low privileges to trigger. An attacker can repeatedly trigger this condition to exhaust kernel memory and cause a denial of service, though the EPSS score of 0.01% indicates this is rarely exploited in practice. Patches are available from the Linux kernel stable branches.
A reference count leak exists in the Linux kernel's USB HID gadget driver (f_hid module) where the opts->refcnt is incremented but not properly decremented when report_desc allocation fails, leaving the options structure permanently locked and causing a denial of service condition. This affects all Linux kernel versions running the vulnerable USB gadget code path and requires local privilege to trigger. While the CVSS score is 5.5 (medium) and EPSS is extremely low at 0.01th percentile, patches are available from multiple stable kernel branches, indicating this is a real but low-priority issue with no known active exploitation.
A memory leak vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel's rtl8723bs WiFi driver initialization function rtw_init_cmd_priv(), where failure to allocate the response command buffer leaves the command buffer allocation unreleased. This affects all Linux kernel versions containing the vulnerable staging driver code and can be exploited by local attackers with low privileges to cause a denial of service through memory exhaustion. The vulnerability has a vendor-provided patch available across multiple stable kernel branches, and the EPSS score of 0.01% indicates minimal real-world exploitation probability despite the moderate CVSS 5.5 rating.
This vulnerability is an undefined behavior issue in the Linux kernel's font handling code where a signed 32-bit left shift by 31 bits violates C language semantics, detected by UBSAN (Undefined Behavior Sanitizer). The vulnerability affects multiple Linux kernel versions starting from 2.6.23 and can be triggered by local users with low privileges during framebuffer console initialization, leading to denial of service through undefined behavior exploitation. While the EPSS score is extremely low at 0.01% (percentile 3%), patches are available from the kernel vendor and the issue has been resolved in stable releases.
A resource cleanup vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel's ARM SMMUv3 Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU) initialization code where a CPU hotplug callback registered via cpuhp_setup_state_multi() is not properly removed if platform_driver_register() fails, leading to a use-after-free condition. This affects Linux kernel versions across multiple stable branches and can be exploited by local attackers with limited privileges to trigger a denial of service through kernel panic or memory corruption. The vulnerability has a patch available from multiple kernel branches, with an EPSS score of 0.01% indicating low real-world exploitation probability despite the moderate CVSS 5.5 score.
Unbounded HTTP redirect following in pdfmake's URLResolver crashes Node.js processes when attacker-controlled URLs trigger infinite redirect chains during file embedding. Affected are all 0.3.0 beta releases from beta.1 through beta.16 on both the npm and Java WebJars distributions. No special conditions beyond reaching a pdfmake rendering endpoint that accepts user-influenced document definitions are required; no public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is not in the CISA KEV catalog, but the attack mechanism is trivially reproducible.
Authenticated OS command injection in the EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 GPS Network Time Server (firmware 6010-0071-000, Ver 4.00) lets a privileged remote user inject arbitrary operating-system commands that run outside the vulnerable component, yielding full device takeover, denial of service, privilege escalation, and disclosure of sensitive timing/configuration data. Because Network Time Servers act as an authoritative time source for entire environments, compromise can cascade into time-manipulation attacks against downstream systems (logging, certificates, Kerberos). This is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though a third-party advisory (xdiv-sec) documents the flaw; EPSS is modest at 1.63% (73rd percentile).
OS command injection in the EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 GPS Network Time Server (firmware 6010-0071-000, Ver 4.00) lets an authenticated high-privileged operator inject shell commands into the appliance's underlying OS, escaping the management application to run arbitrary code as the device. Because the appliance is a hardened timing source, successful exploitation yields full compromise: code execution, denial of service, privilege escalation, and disclosure of sensitive data. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, though a third-party research advisory (xdiv-sec) documents the finding; the EPSS score is moderate at 1.63% (73rd percentile) and the CVE is not on CISA KEV.
OS command injection in the EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 GPS Network Time Server (firmware 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.00) lets remote attackers inject shell commands that the appliance executes, enabling arbitrary code execution, denial of service, privilege escalation, and disclosure of sensitive data. The NVD CVSS 3.1 base score is 8.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and a third-party technical advisory (xdiv-sec) has been published, but there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not on CISA KEV. EPSS is modest at 1.20% (64th percentile), indicating no observed mass exploitation to date.
OS command injection in the EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 GPS Network Time Server (firmware 6010-0071-000, Ver 4.00) lets remote attackers inject operating-system commands into the appliance, enabling arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, disclosure of sensitive data, and disruption of the device's timing service. A third-party advisory (xdiv-sec) documents the issue, but no public exploit was identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; EPSS is modest at 1.20% (64th percentile). Because this device supplies authoritative time to dependent infrastructure, compromise can cascade beyond the appliance itself.
Authenticated command injection in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 GPS Network Time Server firmware (build 6010-0071-000, Ver 4.00) lets a low-privileged user inject OS commands that run on the underlying appliance, yielding arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, information disclosure, and denial of service. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/S:C) shows a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw whose scope change lets a foothold on the management interface compromise the whole device. A third-party advisory (xdiv-sec) documents the issue; there is no public exploit identified and no CISA KEV listing at time of analysis, and EPSS is a modest 1.58% (73rd percentile).
Cross-site request forgery in the EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 GPS Network Time Server (firmware 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.00) lets a remote attacker forge state-changing web requests that a logged-in operator's browser executes, chaining into arbitrary code execution, denial of service, privilege escalation, and disclosure of sensitive data on the appliance. Any organization relying on this GPS-disciplined NTP appliance for time synchronization is affected. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though an independent research advisory (xdiv-sec) documenting the flaw has been published.
Assimp 6.0.2 Q3D file parser mishandles resource allocation in the Q3DImporter::InternReadFile function, causing denial of service through uncontrolled memory consumption when processing malformed Q3D model files. A local authenticated attacker can trigger excessive memory allocation by providing a specially crafted Q3D file, leading to process crash or system resource exhaustion. Publicly available exploit code exists, though CVSS 1.9 and EPSS 0.03% indicate minimal real-world exploitation risk.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Fix deletion race condition System crash when using debug kernel due to link list corruption.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dax: Fix dax_mapping_release() use after free A CONFIG_DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE test of removing a device-dax region provider (like modprobe -r dax_hmem) yields: kobject:...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (coretemp) Simplify platform device handling Coretemp's platform driver is unconventional.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Avoid fcport pointer dereference Klocwork reported warning of NULL pointer may be dereferenced.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: af_alg - Fix missing initialisation affecting gcm-aes-s390 Fix af_alg_alloc_areq() to initialise areq->first_rsgl.sgl.sgt.sgl to point to the scatterlist array in...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bus: mhi: host: Range check CHDBOFF and ERDBOFF If the value read from the CHDBOFF and ERDBOFF registers is outside the range of the MHI register space then an invalid address...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: octeontx2-pf: mcs: Fix NULL pointer dereferences When system is rebooted after creating macsec interface below NULL pointer dereference crashes occurred.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: iwlwifi: mvm: don't trust firmware n_channels If the firmware sends us a corrupted MCC response with n_channels much larger than the command response can be, we might copy...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ring-buffer: Sync IRQ works before buffer destruction If something was written to the buffer just before destruction, it may be possible
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ubifs: ubifs_releasepage: Remove ubifs_assert(0) to valid this process There are two states for ubifs writing pages: 1.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: brcmfmac: ensure CLM version is null-terminated to prevent stack-out-of-bounds Fix a stack-out-of-bounds read in brcmfmac that occurs when 'buf' that is not null-terminated...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5e: Check for NOT_READY flag state after locking Currently the check for NOT_READY flag is performed before obtaining the necessary lock.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: null_blk: Always check queue mode setting from configfs Make sure to check device queue mode in the null_validate_conf() and return error for NULL_Q_RQ as we don't allow legacy...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw88: delete timer and free skb queue when unloading Fix possible crash and memory leak on driver unload by deleting TX purge timer and freeing C2H queue in...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clk: imx: scu: use _safe list iterator to avoid a use after free This loop is freeing "clk" so it needs to use list_for_each_entry_safe().
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nft_set_rbtree: fix null deref on element insertion There is no guarantee that rb_prev() will not return NULL in nft_rbtree_gc_elem(): general protection fault,...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: brcmfmac: Check for probe() id argument being NULL The probe() id argument may be NULL in 2 scenarios: 1. brcmf_pcie_pm_leave_D3() calling brcmf_pcie_probe() to reprobe ...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2: fix defrag path triggering jbd2 ASSERT code path: ocfs2_ioctl_move_extents ocfs2_move_extents ocfs2_defrag_extent __ocfs2_move_extent + ocfs2_journal_access_di ...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: wwan: iosm: fix NULL pointer dereference when removing device In suspend and resume cycle, the removal and rescan of device ends up in NULL pointer dereference.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/damon/core: initialize damo_filter->list from damos_new_filter() damos_new_filter() is not initializing the list field of newly allocated filter object.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: u_serial: Add null pointer check in gserial_resume Consider a case where gserial_disconnect has already cleared gser->ioport.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cpufreq: davinci: Fix clk use after free The remove function first frees the clks and only then calls cpufreq_unregister_driver().
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: insert tree mod log move in push_node_left There is a fairly unlikely race condition in tree mod log rewind that can result in a kernel panic which has the following...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/mediatek: mtk_drm_crtc: Add checks for devm_kcalloc As the devm_kcalloc may return NULL, the return value needs to be checked to avoid NULL poineter dereference.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drbd: only clone bio if we have a backing device Commit c347a787e34cb (drbd: set ->bi_bdev in drbd_req_new) moved a bio_set_dev call (which has since been removed) to "earlier",...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mtd: lpddr2_nvm: Fix possible null-ptr-deref It will cause null-ptr-deref when resource_size(add_range) invoked, if platform_get_resource() returns NULL.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: coda: Add check for dcoda_iram_alloc As the coda_iram_alloc may return NULL pointer, it should be better to check the return value in order to avoid NULL poineter dereference, same as the others.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: dvb-core: Fix double free in dvb_register_device() In function dvb_register_device() -> dvb_register_media_device() -> dvb_create_media_entity(), dvb->entity is allocated and initialized. If the initialization fails, it frees the dvb->entity, and return an error code. The caller takes the error code and handles the error by calling dvb_media_device_free(), which unregisters the entity and frees the field again if it is not NULL. As dvb->entity may not NULLed in dvb_create_media_entity() when the allocation of dvbdev->pad fails, a double free may occur. This may also cause an Use After free in media_device_unregister_entity(). Fix this by storing NULL to dvb->entity when it is freed.
CVE-2022-50498 is a security vulnerability (CVSS 5.5). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures. Vendor patch is available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: thermal: intel_powerclamp: Use get_cpu() instead of smp_processor_id() to avoid crash When CPU 0 is offline and intel_powerclamp is used to inject idle, it generates kernel BUG: BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000] code: bash/15687 caller is debug_smp_processor_id+0x17/0x20 CPU: 4 PID: 15687 Comm: bash Not tainted 5.19.0-rc7+ #57 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x49/0x63 dump_stack+0x10/0x16 check_preemption_disabled+0xdd/0xe0 debug_smp_processor_id+0x17/0x20 powerclamp_set_cur_state+0x7f/0xf9 [intel_powerclamp] ... ... Here CPU 0 is the control CPU by default and changed to the current CPU, if CPU 0 offlined. This check has to be performed under cpus_read_lock(), hence the above warning. Use get_cpu() instead of smp_processor_id() to avoid this BUG. [ rjw: Subject edits ]
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Fix crash when I/O abort times out While performing CPU hotplug, a crash with the following stack was seen: Call Trace: qla24xx_process_response_queue+0x42a/0x970 [qla2xxx] qla2x00_start_nvme_mq+0x3a2/0x4b0 [qla2xxx] qla_nvme_post_cmd+0x166/0x240 [qla2xxx] nvme_fc_start_fcp_op.part.0+0x119/0x2e0 [nvme_fc] blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list+0x17b/0x610 __blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0xb0/0x140 blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0x30/0x60 __blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x35/0x90 __blk_mq_delay_run_hw_queue+0x161/0x180 blk_execute_rq+0xbe/0x160 __nvme_submit_sync_cmd+0x16f/0x220 [nvme_core] nvmf_connect_admin_queue+0x11a/0x170 [nvme_fabrics] nvme_fc_create_association.cold+0x50/0x3dc [nvme_fc] nvme_fc_connect_ctrl_work+0x19/0x30 [nvme_fc] process_one_work+0x1e8/0x3c0 On abort timeout, completion was called without checking if the I/O was already completed. Verify that I/O and abort request are indeed outstanding before attempting completion.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: add EXT4_IGET_BAD flag to prevent unexpected bad inode There are many places that will get unhappy (and crash) when ext4_iget() returns a bad inode.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cxl: fix possible null-ptr-deref in cxl_guest_init_afu|adapter() If device_register() fails in cxl_register_afu|adapter(), the device is not added, device_unregister() can not be called in the error path, otherwise it will cause a null-ptr-deref because of removing not added device. As comment of device_register() says, it should use put_device() to give up the reference in the error path. So split device_unregister() into device_del() and put_device(), then goes to put dev when register fails.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/core: Make sure "ib_port" is valid when access sysfs node The "ib_port" structure must be set before adding the sysfs kobject, and reset after removing it, otherwise it may crash when accessing the sysfs node: Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000050 Mem abort info: ESR = 0x96000006 Exception class = DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits SET = 0, FnV = 0 EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 Data abort info: ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 CM = 0, WnR = 0 user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp = 00000000e85f5ba5 [0000000000000050] pgd=0000000848fd9003, pud=000000085b387003, pmd=0000000000000000 Internal error: Oops: 96000006 [#2] PREEMPT SMP Modules linked in: ib_umad(O) mlx5_ib(O) nfnetlink_cttimeout(E) nfnetlink(E) act_gact(E) cls_flower(E) sch_ingress(E) openvswitch(E) nsh(E) nf_nat_ipv6(E) nf_nat_ipv4(E) nf_conncount(E) nf_nat(E) nf_conntrack(E) nf_defrag_ipv6(E) nf_defrag_ipv4(E) mst_pciconf(O) ipmi_devintf(E) ipmi_msghandler(E) ipmb_dev_int(OE) mlx5_core(O) mlxfw(O) mlxdevm(O) auxiliary(O) ib_uverbs(O) ib_core(O) mlx_compat(O) psample(E) sbsa_gwdt(E) uio_pdrv_genirq(E) uio(E) mlxbf_pmc(OE) mlxbf_gige(OE) mlxbf_tmfifo(OE) gpio_mlxbf2(OE) pwr_mlxbf(OE) mlx_trio(OE) i2c_mlxbf(OE) mlx_bootctl(OE) bluefield_edac(OE) knem(O) ip_tables(E) ipv6(E) crc_ccitt(E) [last unloaded: mst_pci] Process grep (pid: 3372, stack limit = 0x0000000022055c92) CPU: 5 PID: 3372 Comm: grep Tainted: G D OE 4.19.161-mlnx.47.gadcd9e3 #1 Hardware name: https://www.mellanox.com BlueField SoC/BlueField SoC, BIOS BlueField:3.9.2-15-ga2403ab Sep 8 2022 pstate: 40000005 (nZcv daif -PAN -UAO) pc : hw_stat_port_show+0x4c/0x80 [ib_core] lr : port_attr_show+0x40/0x58 [ib_core] sp : ffff000029f43b50 x29: ffff000029f43b50 x28: 0000000019375000 x27: ffff8007b821a540 x26: ffff000029f43e30 x25: 0000000000008000 x24: ffff000000eaa958 x23: 0000000000001000 x22: ffff8007a4ce3000 x21: ffff8007baff8000 x20: ffff8007b9066ac0 x19: ffff8007bae97578 x18: 0000000000000000 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000 x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 0000000000000000 x8 : ffff8007a4ce4000 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 000000000000003f x5 : ffff000000e6a280 x4 : ffff8007a4ce3000 x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : aaaaaaaaaaaaaaab x1 : ffff8007b9066a10 x0 : ffff8007baff8000 Call trace: hw_stat_port_show+0x4c/0x80 [ib_core] port_attr_show+0x40/0x58 [ib_core] sysfs_kf_seq_show+0x8c/0x150 kernfs_seq_show+0x44/0x50 seq_read+0x1b4/0x45c kernfs_fop_read+0x148/0x1d8 __vfs_read+0x58/0x180 vfs_read+0x94/0x154 ksys_read+0x68/0xd8 __arm64_sys_read+0x28/0x34 el0_svc_common+0x88/0x18c el0_svc_handler+0x78/0x94 el0_svc+0x8/0xe8 Code: f2955562 aa1603e4 aa1503e0 f9405683 (f9402861)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cpufreq: Init completion before kobject_init_and_add() In cpufreq_policy_alloc(), it will call uninitialed completion in cpufreq_sysfs_release() when kobject_init_and_add() fails. And that will cause a crash such as the following page fault in complete: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffffffffffff8 [..] RIP: 0010:complete+0x98/0x1f0 [..] Call Trace: kobject_put+0x1be/0x4c0 cpufreq_online.cold+0xee/0x1fd cpufreq_add_dev+0x183/0x1e0 subsys_interface_register+0x3f5/0x4e0 cpufreq_register_driver+0x3b7/0x670 acpi_cpufreq_init+0x56c/0x1000 [acpi_cpufreq] do_one_initcall+0x13d/0x780 do_init_module+0x1c3/0x630 load_module+0x6e67/0x73b0 __do_sys_finit_module+0x181/0x240 do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xhci: Remove device endpoints from bandwidth list when freeing the device Endpoints are normally deleted from the bandwidth list when they are dropped, before the virt device is freed. If xHC host is dying or being removed then the endpoints aren't dropped cleanly due to functions returning early to avoid interacting with a non-accessible host controller. So check and delete endpoints that are still on the bandwidth list when freeing the virt device. Solves a list_del corruption kernel crash when unbinding xhci-pci, caused by xhci_mem_cleanup() when it later tried to delete already freed endpoints from the bandwidth list. This only affects hosts that use software bandwidth checking, which currenty is only the xHC in intel Panther Point PCH (Ivy Bridge)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/tcp: Fix a NULL pointer dereference when using TCP-AO with TCP_REPAIR A NULL pointer dereference can occur in tcp_ao_finish_connect() during a connect() system call on a socket with a TCP-AO key added and TCP_REPAIR enabled. The function is called with skb being NULL and attempts to dereference it on tcp_hdr(skb)->seq without a prior skb validation. Fix this by checking if skb is NULL before dereferencing it. The commentary is taken from bpf_skops_established(), which is also called in the same flow. Unlike the function being patched, bpf_skops_established() validates the skb before dereferencing it. int main(void){ struct sockaddr_in sockaddr; struct tcp_ao_add tcp_ao; int sk; int one = 1; memset(&sockaddr,'\0',sizeof(sockaddr)); memset(&tcp_ao,'\0',sizeof(tcp_ao)); sk = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); sockaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; memcpy(tcp_ao.alg_name,"cmac(aes128)",12); memcpy(tcp_ao.key,"ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH",16); tcp_ao.keylen = 16; memcpy(&tcp_ao.addr,&sockaddr,sizeof(sockaddr)); setsockopt(sk, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_AO_ADD_KEY, &tcp_ao, sizeof(tcp_ao)); setsockopt(sk, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR, &one, sizeof(one)); sockaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; sockaddr.sin_port = htobe16(123); inet_aton("127.0.0.1", &sockaddr.sin_addr); connect(sk,(struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr,sizeof(sockaddr)); return 0; } $ gcc tcp-ao-nullptr.c -o tcp-ao-nullptr -Wall $ unshare -Urn BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000000b6 PGD 1f648d067 P4D 1f648d067 PUD 1982e8067 PMD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 11/12/2020 RIP: 0010:tcp_ao_finish_connect (net/ipv4/tcp_ao.c:1182)
Local denial of service in Linux kernel's mlx5e driver allows a low-privileged attacker to crash the system via a NULL pointer dereference triggered during an eswitch mode switch when the uplink netdevice is concurrently unbound. Publicly available exploit code exists, but no active exploitation has been reported; EPSS score is very low at 0.01%.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: qcom: q6apm-lpass-dais: Fix NULL pointer dereference if source graph failed If earlier opening of source graph fails (e.g. ADSP rejects due to incorrect audioreach topology), the graph is closed and "dai_data->graph[dai->id]" is assigned NULL. Preparing the DAI for sink graph continues though and next call to q6apm_lpass_dai_prepare() receives dai_data->graph[dai->id]=NULL leading to NULL pointer exception: qcom-apm gprsvc:service:2:1: Error (1) Processing 0x01001002 cmd qcom-apm gprsvc:service:2:1: DSP returned error[1001002] 1 q6apm-lpass-dais 30000000.remoteproc:glink-edge:gpr:service@1:bedais: fail to start APM port 78 q6apm-lpass-dais 30000000.remoteproc:glink-edge:gpr:service@1:bedais: ASoC: error at snd_soc_pcm_dai_prepare on TX_CODEC_DMA_TX_3: -22 Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000000000a8 ... Call trace: q6apm_graph_media_format_pcm+0x48/0x120 (P) q6apm_lpass_dai_prepare+0x110/0x1b4 snd_soc_pcm_dai_prepare+0x74/0x108 __soc_pcm_prepare+0x44/0x160 dpcm_be_dai_prepare+0x124/0x1c0
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: rfkill: gpio: Fix crash due to dereferencering uninitialized pointer Since commit 7d5e9737efda ("net: rfkill: gpio: get the name and type from device property")...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: ccp - Always pass in an error pointer to __sev_platform_shutdown_locked() When 9770b428b1a2
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm: bridge: anx7625: Fix NULL pointer dereference with early IRQ If the interrupt occurs before resource initialization is complete, the interrupt handler/worker may access uninitialized data such as the I2C tcpc_client device, potentially leading to NULL pointer dereference.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: af_alg - Set merge to zero early in af_alg_sendmsg If an error causes af_alg_sendmsg to abort, ctx->merge may contain a garbage value from the previous loop.
In fetchmail before 6.5.6, the SMTP client can crash when authenticating upon receiving a 334 status code in a malformed context.
An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.2 ( 2025/07/31 ) and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.3.0.3192 build 20250716 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.2 ( 2025/07/31 ) and later
Redis is an open source, in-memory database that persists on disk. Versions 8.2.1 and below allow an authenticated user to use a specially crafted LUA script to read out-of-bound data or crash the server and subsequent denial of service. The problem exists in all versions of Redis with Lua scripting. This issue is fixed in version 8.2.2. To workaround this issue without patching the redis-server executable is to prevent users from executing Lua scripts. This can be done using ACL to block a script by restricting both the EVAL and FUNCTION command families.
An allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to prevent other systems, applications, or processes from accessing the same type of resource. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.2 ( 2025/07/31 ) and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later
An allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to prevent other systems, applications, or processes from accessing the same type of resource. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later
An allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to prevent other systems, applications, or processes from accessing the same type of resource. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later
An allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to prevent other systems, applications, or processes from accessing the same type of resource. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later