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Server-Side Request Forgery

web HIGH

Server-Side Request Forgery exploits applications that fetch remote resources based on user-supplied URLs.

How It Works

Server-Side Request Forgery exploits applications that fetch remote resources based on user-supplied URLs. When a web server accepts a URL parameter to retrieve external content—for example, to proxy images, validate webhooks, or import data—an attacker can manipulate that parameter to make the server send requests to unintended destinations. The critical issue is that these requests originate from the server itself, bypassing firewalls and network controls that would block direct external access.

Attacks come in several forms. Direct SSRF gives the attacker full control over the destination URL, allowing them to target internal services like http://localhost:8080/admin or cloud metadata endpoints at http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/. Blind SSRF occurs when the application makes the request but doesn't return the response to the attacker—they must rely on timing differences or out-of-band techniques to confirm success. Partial SSRF restricts the attacker to modifying only part of the URL, such as the hostname or path, requiring more creative exploitation.

The typical attack flow starts with identifying URL parameters that trigger server-side requests. The attacker then probes for internal services by injecting internal IP addresses or localhost references. Common targets include administrative interfaces, internal REST APIs, Redis or Memcached instances, and especially cloud metadata services that expose IAM credentials. Attackers often employ bypass techniques like encoding IPs in decimal format (2130706433 for 127.0.0.1), exploiting URL parser discrepancies between validation and execution layers, or chaining with open redirects to evade basic filters.

Impact

  • Access to internal services that should be network-isolated—admin panels, monitoring dashboards, configuration endpoints
  • Cloud credential theft via metadata APIs, particularly AWS IAM role credentials exposed at 169.254.169.254
  • Reading local files through file:// protocol support, exposing configuration files and source code
  • Network reconnaissance to map internal infrastructure and identify additional attack targets
  • Remote code execution on back-end systems like Redis or Elasticsearch that accept commands over HTTP
  • Pivoting deeper into internal networks by using the compromised server as a proxy for further attacks

Real-World Examples

Capital One suffered a massive breach in 2019 when an attacker exploited SSRF in a web application firewall to query AWS metadata services, stealing credentials that granted access to over 100 million customer records. The vulnerability allowed requests to the internal metadata endpoint that should have been unreachable.

Shopify's infrastructure exposed internal Google Cloud metadata in 2020 through an image proxy feature. Security researchers demonstrated they could retrieve service account credentials by tricking the proxy into fetching from the metadata API, potentially compromising the entire GCP environment.

Numerous CVEs in enterprise products highlight SSRF in common features: webhook validators in GitLab, PDF generators that fetch remote images, and document conversion services. These typically manifest when URL validation assumes all requests will target external internet resources, failing to anticipate internal network abuse.

Mitigation

  • Allowlist approved destination domains rather than trying to blocklist dangerous ones—only permit necessary external services
  • Disable unnecessary URL schemes entirely (file://, gopher://, dict://)—restrict to https:// only where possible
  • Network segmentation to prevent application servers from reaching internal infrastructure—use separate VLANs or VPCs
  • Deploy cloud metadata protections like AWS IMDSv2 requiring session tokens, making metadata unavailable to simple HTTP requests
  • Validate and parse URLs consistently using a single library, then verify resolved IP addresses aren't private ranges
  • Remove response bodies from errors to prevent information disclosure in blind SSRF scenarios

Recent CVEs (3508)

EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM POC This Month

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the validateUrlSecurity function within trueleaf ApiFlow version 0.9.7's URL validation handler. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate server-side requests to access internal resources or perform actions on behalf of the server. A public proof-of-concept exploit has been disclosed and is available, significantly lowering the barrier to exploitation.

SSRF Apiflow
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 3.8
LOW Monitor

The Post Affiliate Pro WordPress plugin versions up to 1.28.0 contain a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to make arbitrary outbound web requests from the affected server and read response content. An attacker with administrator-level access can exploit this to interact with internal services, exfiltrate data, or pivot to other systems. Wordfence has confirmed exploitation via external Collaborator endpoints, and the CVSS 6.5 score reflects moderate severity with low attack complexity.

WordPress SSRF Post Affiliate Pro +1
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.0
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Frigate versions prior to 0.16.3 contain a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the /ffprobe endpoint that accepts arbitrary user-controlled URLs without proper validation. An authenticated attacker can leverage this endpoint to make HTTP requests to internal network resources, cloud metadata services (such as AWS IMDSv1), or perform reconnaissance activities like port scanning against systems accessible from the Frigate server. The vulnerability requires low privileges (authenticated user) and has a network attack vector with low complexity, making it moderately exploitable in environments where Frigate is exposed to untrusted users.

SSRF Frigate Blakeblackshear
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.1
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Kargo versions 1.4.0-1.6.3, 1.7.0-1.7.8, 1.8.0-1.8.11, and 1.9.0-1.9.4 contain a Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability in http and http-download promotion steps that allows authenticated attackers to access cloud instance metadata endpoints and exfiltrate sensitive credentials like IAM keys. An attacker with permissions to create or modify Stages or Promotion resources can exploit this by crafting malicious manifests with full control over request headers and methods, bypassing cloud provider SSRF protections. Currently, no patch is available for this vulnerability.

Information Disclosure SSRF Kargo +2
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.0
MEDIUM This Month

Server-Side Request Forgery in SuiteCRM versions prior to 7.15.1 and 8.9.3 allows authenticated users to craft malicious PDF templates containing image tags that trigger server-side HTTP requests when PDFs are generated. An attacker with login credentials can exploit this to scan internal networks, access local services, or exfiltrate data from the server's perspective. No patch is currently available for affected versions.

SSRF Suitecrm
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.9
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an authentication bypass vulnerability where failed authentication bootstrap during startup leaves browser-control routes accessible without credentials. An attacker with local process access or ability to reach the application via loopback SSRF can exploit this to access sensitive browser-control functionality including code evaluation capabilities without valid authentication. This is a moderate-risk vulnerability with a CVSS score of 6.9 and realistic exploitation potential for local/SSRF-capable threats.

Authentication Bypass SSRF Openclaw
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.0
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in MSTeams media attachment handling where redirect chain validation against the mediaAllowHosts allowlist is inconsistently applied. An authenticated attacker with low privileges can supply or influence attachment URLs that redirect to non-allowlisted targets, allowing them to bypass SSRF boundary controls and potentially access internal resources. The vulnerability has confirmed patch availability and security advisories from the vendor.

SSRF Openclaw
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.3
LOW PATCH Monitor

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain incomplete validation of IPv4 special-use ranges in the isPrivateIpv4() function, allowing attackers to bypass Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) policy checks and access RFC-reserved address ranges that should be blocked. An authenticated attacker with network reachability to special-use IPv4 ranges such as 198.18.0.0/15 can exploit the web_fetch functionality to access blocked internal addresses, resulting in information disclosure and potential lateral movement. The vulnerability has been patched and security advisories are available from the OpenClaw project.

SSRF Openclaw
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Microsoft Bing contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability that enables unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate network communications and access sensitive information. An attacker can exploit this flaw without user interaction to retrieve confidential data or cause service disruption. No patch is currently available.

SSRF Microsoft
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Mozilla's Embed extension contains a domain allowlist bypass in the DomainFilteringAdapter due to insufficient hostname boundary validation in its regex pattern, allowing attacker-controlled domains like youtube.com.evil to pass validation checks for youtube.com. This vulnerability enables Server-Side Request Forgery attacks via the OscaroteroEmbedAdapter to probe internal services, and Cross-Site Scripting attacks through unsanitized oEmbed HTML responses returned by compromised domains. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity flaw.

XSS SSRF Mozilla
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

A Host Header Spoofing vulnerability in the @local_check decorator of pyload-ng allows unauthenticated external attackers to bypass local-only IP address restrictions on the Click'N'Load API endpoints by sending a crafted HTTP Host header. This authentication bypass enables remote attackers to queue arbitrary downloads on the affected pyload instance, leading to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks against internal or external systems and Denial of Service through resource exhaustion. A proof-of-concept exploit exists in the form of a simple curl command that demonstrates immediate exploitability without user interaction.

Authentication Bypass Denial Of Service Python +1
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.0
MEDIUM This Month

The BulkEmbed plugin in AVideo fails to validate thumbnail URLs in its save endpoint, allowing authenticated attackers to conduct Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks and retrieve responses from internal network resources. An attacker can supply malicious URLs via the bulk embed feature to force the server to make HTTP requests to internal systems and view the cached thumbnail responses. This vulnerability affects PHP-based AVideo installations and requires authentication to exploit.

PHP Google SSRF +1
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM POC This Month

BMC FootPrints ITSM contains a blind server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the externalfeed/RSS API component that allows authenticated attackers to trigger arbitrary outbound requests from the server. Affected versions range from 20.20.02 through 20.24.01.001, and attackers can exploit insufficient validation of externally supplied resource references to interact with internal services or cause resource exhaustion impacting availability. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 4.3 with low complexity and low attack vector, requiring only authentication; no active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed, but the disclosure references suggest potential chaining with pre-authentication RCE vectors documented by security researchers.

Denial Of Service SSRF Bmc +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

A blind server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the searchWeb API component of BMC FootPrints ITSM versions 20.20.02 through 20.24.01.001, allowing authenticated attackers to cause the server to initiate arbitrary outbound requests through improper URL validation. Attackers can exploit this to perform internal network scanning or interact with internal services, potentially impacting system availability and confidentiality. A publicly available proof-of-concept exists, and vendor patches are available.

SSRF Footprints
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

The AVideo Scheduler plugin fails to validate callback URLs against Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) protections, allowing authenticated administrators to configure scheduled tasks that make HTTP requests to internal networks, cloud metadata services, and private IP ranges. An attacker with admin access can retrieve AWS/GCP/Azure instance metadata credentials (including IAM role tokens) or probe internal APIs not exposed to the internet. A proof-of-concept exists demonstrating credential extraction from AWS metadata endpoints at 169.254.169.254.

PHP Privilege Escalation SSRF +1
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.8
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

PinchTab contains a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in its /download endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass URL validation and cause the embedded Chromium browser to make requests to internal network services. The vulnerability affects PinchTab versions 0.7.x and 0.8.x when the security.allowDownload setting is enabled (disabled by default), and exploits a validation gap where only the initial user-supplied URL is checked while subsequent browser-initiated requests (redirects, JavaScript navigations, resource fetches) bypass this protection entirely. Although the attacker cannot receive response bodies from internal services (blind SSRF), they can trigger state-changing endpoints on localhost or private network addresses reachable from the PinchTab host, with a proof-of-concept publicly available demonstrating counter increments on internal services.

Python Chrome Google +2
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

The @aborruso/ckan-mcp-server MCP server contains a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in its ckan_package_search, sparql_query, and ckan_datastore_search_sql tools, which accept an arbitrary base_url parameter without validation, allowing attackers to scan internal networks, exfiltrate cloud metadata credentials (including IAM tokens from 169.254.169.254), and potentially execute injection attacks. The vulnerability affects the npm package @aborruso/ckan-mcp-server (pkg:npm/@aborruso/ckan-mcp-server) and requires prompt injection to exploit, making attack complexity high; a proof-of-concept exists demonstrating 9 unthrottled HTTP requests to a canary endpoint, and patch availability exists from the vendor.

Docker SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.8
MEDIUM This Month

A remote code execution vulnerability in A flaw (CVSS 5.8) that allows an attacker. Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.

Information Disclosure SSRF Red Hat Build Of Keycloak +4
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.1
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.2 contain a DNS pinning bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to circumvent SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery) protections by exploiting environment proxy variable configuration. When HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, or ALL_PROXY environment variables are present, attackers can route malicious URLs through proxy mechanisms instead of pinned-destination routing, enabling access to internal resources that should be protected. The vulnerability requires low privilege (PR:L) and non-interactive attack (UI:N) with medium attack complexity (AC:H), resulting in high confidentiality impact (C:H) and lesser integrity and availability impact. A patch is available from the vendor.

SSRF Openclaw
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 3.9
LOW PATCH Monitor

A flaw was found in libsoup, a library used by applications to send network requests.

SSRF Debian Ubuntu +6
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC Monitor

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in frdel/agent-zero version 0.9.7 within the handle_pdf_document function of python/helpers/document_query.py. This allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate PDF document handling to perform arbitrary server-side requests, potentially accessing internal services or exfiltrating sensitive data. A public proof-of-concept exploit is available, and the vendor has not responded to early disclosure notifications, increasing the practical risk of exploitation.

Python SSRF Agent Zero
NVD VulDB GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.0
LOW Monitor

The PPT File Handler in taoofagi easegen-admin contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the downloadFile function that allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate file URLs and access arbitrary network resources. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not provided patches or updates despite notification. The flaw affects Java-based deployments using the affected rolling release version.

Java SSRF
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.8
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

An unauthenticated Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and Local File Read vulnerability exists in the Admidio SSO metadata fetch endpoint, which accepts arbitrary URLs via GET parameter and passes them directly to file_get_contents() after validating only with PHP's FILTER_VALIDATE_URL-a format checker that does not block dangerous URI schemes. An authenticated administrator can exploit this to read arbitrary local files (including database credentials from config.php), probe internal network services, or fetch cloud instance metadata (such as AWS IAM credentials from 169.254.169.254). A proof-of-concept demonstrating all attack vectors has been published; CVSS 6.8 reflects high confidentiality impact but is mitigated by the requirement for administrator privileges.

PHP CSRF SSRF +3
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Mattermost Server versions 11.3.0, 11.2.x through 11.2.2, and 10.11.x through 10.11.10 contain a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability due to improper validation of IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, allowing authenticated attackers to bypass reserved IP restrictions and access internal services. An attacker with login credentials can craft requests using IPv6 notation (such as [::ffff:127.0.0.1]) to reach localhost or other restricted internal endpoints that would normally be blocked. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

SSRF Mattermost Mattermost Server +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.1
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Raytha CMS contains a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in its Theme Import from URL feature that allows authenticated high-privilege users to manipulate server-side HTTP requests to arbitrary destinations. An attacker with administrative or similar elevated privileges can leverage this to redirect the CMS server's outbound requests to internal systems, external resources, or arbitrary URLs, potentially leading to information disclosure or lateral movement attacks. The vulnerability affects versions prior to 1.4.6 and is fixed in version 1.4.6 and later.

SSRF Raytha
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM POC This Month

Server-side request forgery in Vanna AI versions up to 2.0.2 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate the update_sql and run_sql endpoints in the Flask component. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available from the vendor despite early notification.

Python SSRF Vanna +1
NVD VulDB GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC Monitor

Server-side request forgery in FlowCI flow-core-x up to version 1.23.01 allows authenticated remote attackers to conduct SSRF attacks through the SMTP Host Handler configuration function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and the vendor has not released a patch. An attacker with valid credentials can manipulate the system to make arbitrary outbound requests from the affected server.

Java SSRF Flow Core X
NVD VulDB GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Server-side request forgery in Glowxq OJ's test case upload functionality (ProblemCaseController.java) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to make arbitrary network requests from the affected server. Public exploit code is available and the vulnerability remains unpatched, with the vendor unresponsive to disclosure attempts.

Java SSRF Glowxq Oj +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.4
MEDIUM This Month

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in Gift Up! Gift Cards for WordPress and WooCommerce plugin versions up to 3.1.7, allowing unauthenticated attackers to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the vulnerable server. This could enable attackers to access internal services, scan internal networks, or exfiltrate sensitive data from systems accessible only to the server. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.4 (Medium) with network-based attack vector and low impact on confidentiality and integrity.

WordPress SSRF Gift Up Gift Cards For Wordpress And Woocommerce +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.4
MEDIUM This Month

Simple Blog Card versions 2.37 and earlier contain a Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to make arbitrary requests from the affected server. An attacker with login credentials can leverage this to access internal resources, interact with backend services, or potentially exfiltrate sensitive data. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

WordPress SSRF Simple Blog Card +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.4
MEDIUM This Month

MailerPress through version 1.4.2 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to make arbitrary network requests from the affected server. An attacker with valid credentials could exploit this to access internal services, scan the network, or interact with backend systems. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

WordPress SSRF Mailerpress +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.9
MEDIUM This Month

Embed PDF Viewer through version 2.4.7 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to make arbitrary network requests from the affected server. An attacker with valid credentials could potentially access internal resources or services not otherwise exposed to the internet. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

WordPress SSRF Embed Pdf Viewer +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 1.7
LOW PATCH Monitor

### Impact A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in `@backstage/plugin-auth-backend` when `auth.experimentalClientIdMetadataDocuments.enabled` is set to `true`. The CIMD metadata fetch validates the initial `client_id` hostname against private IP ranges but does not apply the same validation after HTTP redirects. The practical impact is limited. The attacker cannot read the response body from the internal request, cannot control request headers or method, and the feature must be explicitly enabled via an experimental flag that is off by default. Deployments that restrict `allowedClientIdPatterns` to specific trusted domains are not affected. ### Patches Patched in `@backstage/plugin-auth-backend` version `0.27.1`. The fix disables HTTP redirect following when fetching CIMD metadata documents. ### Workarounds Disable the experimental CIMD feature by removing or setting `auth.experimentalClientIdMetadataDocuments.enabled` to `false` in your app-config. This is the default configuration. Alternatively, restrict `allowedClientIdPatterns` to specific trusted domains rather than using the default wildcard pattern. ### References - [IETF Client ID Metadata Document draft](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-oauth-client-id-metadata-document/) - [MCP Authorization Specification - Client ID Metadata Documents](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-11-25/basic/authorization#client-id-metadata-documents)

SSRF Backstage Linuxfoundation
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW Monitor

Server-side request forgery in wvp-GB28181-pro up to version 2.7.4-20260107 allows authenticated attackers to manipulate the MediaServer.streamIp parameter in the IP Address Handler component, enabling arbitrary network requests from the affected server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not provided a patch or response to the disclosure.

Java SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW Monitor

Server-side request forgery in zyddnys manga-image-translator through beta-0.3 allows authenticated remote attackers to forge requests via the to_pil_image function in the Translate Endpoints component. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed with exploit code available, though the vendor has not yet released a patch or responded to notification.

SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW Monitor

Woahai321 ListSync versions up to 0.6.6 contain a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the JSON handler component that allows authenticated remote attackers to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the affected server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not yet responded to the disclosure. An attacker with valid credentials can leverage this to access internal resources or attack systems on the server's network.

SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

### Summary The ha-mcp OAuth consent form (beta feature) accepts a user-supplied `ha_url` and makes a server-side HTTP request to `{ha_url}/api/config` with no URL validation. An unauthenticated attacker can submit arbitrary URLs to perform internal network reconnaissance via an error oracle. Two additional code paths in OAuth tool calls (REST and WebSocket) are affected by the same primitive. The primary deployment method (private URL with pre-configured `HOMEASSISTANT_TOKEN`) is not affected. ### Details **Code path 1 - Consent form validation** (reported) When a user submits the OAuth consent form, `_validate_ha_credentials()` (`provider.py`) makes a server-side GET request to `{ha_url}/api/config` with no scheme, IP, or domain validation. Different exception types produce distinct error messages, creating an error oracle: | Outcome | Message returned | Information leaked | |---------|------------------|--------------------| | `ConnectError` | "Could not connect..." | Host down or port closed | | `TimeoutException` | "Connection timed out..." | Host up, port filtered | | HTTP 401 | "Invalid access token..." | Service alive, requires auth | | HTTP 403 | "Access forbidden..." | Service alive, forbidden | | HTTP ≥ 400 | "Failed to connect: HTTP {N}" | Service alive, exact status | An attacker can drive the flow programmatically: register a client via open DCR (`POST /register`), initiate authorization, extract a `txn_id`, and submit arbitrary `ha_url` values. No user interaction required. **Code path 2 - REST tool calls with forged token** OAuth access tokens are stateless base64-encoded JSON payloads (`{"ha_url": "...", "ha_token": "..."}`). Since tokens are not signed, an attacker can forge a token with an arbitrary `ha_url`. REST tool calls then make HTTP requests to hardcoded HA API paths on that host (`/config`, `/states`, `/services`, etc.). JSON responses are returned to the caller. In practice, path control is limited - most endpoints use absolute paths that ignore the `ha_url` path component. Useful exfiltration requires the target to return JSON at HA API paths, which is unlikely for non-HA services. **Code path 3 - WebSocket tool calls with forged token** The same forged token triggers WebSocket connections to `ws://{ha_url}/api/websocket`. The client follows the HA WebSocket handshake protocol (waits for `auth_required`, sends `auth`, expects `auth_ok`). Non-HA targets fail at the protocol level and return nothing useful. Realistic exploitation is limited to pivoting to another HA instance on the internal network. ### Impact **Confirmed:** Internal network reconnaissance via error oracle (all 3 code paths). An attacker can map reachable hosts and open ports from the server's network position. ### Scope OAuth mode is a **beta** feature, documented separately in `docs/OAUTH.md` and not part of the main setup instructions. The standard deployment method (pre-configured `HOMEASSISTANT_URL` and `HOMEASSISTANT_TOKEN`) is not affected. ### Fix Upgrade to 7.0.0

SSRF Oracle Home Assistant Mcp Server
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 3.0
LOW Monitor

OpenProject is an open-source, web-based project management software. Prior to 17.2.0, OpenProject SMTP test endpoint (POST /admin/settings/mail_notifications) accepts arbitrary host and port values and exhibits measurable differences in response behaviour depending on whether the target IP exists and whether the port is open. An attacker with access can use these timing and error distinctions to map internal hosts and identify which services/ports are reachable. Similarly, you can create web...

SSRF Openproject
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Quill before v0.7.1 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in its Apple notarization log retrieval functionality that fails to validate URL schemes and destination hosts. Exploitation requires an attacker to intercept or modify API responses, making it primarily a threat in environments with TLS-intercepting proxies, compromised certificate authorities, or other trust boundary violations. An attacker could redirect notarization requests to internal or multicast addresses, potentially exposing sensitive information or accessing restricted resources.

TLS SSRF Suse
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.0
MEDIUM This Month

Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. versions up to 14.100.1 is affected by server-side request forgery (ssrf) (CVSS 5.0).

SSRF Frappe
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH This Week

An issue pertaining to CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery was discovered in Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal v1.13.4. This allows attackers to obtain sensitive information [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]

SSRF Sunbirded Portal Sunbird
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM This Month

Server-side request forgery in multiple Adobe Commerce versions allows high-privileged attackers to bypass security controls by manipulating internal server requests without user interaction. Affected versions include 2.4.9-alpha3, 2.4.8-p3, 2.4.7-p8, 2.4.6-p13, 2.4.5-p15, and 2.4.4-p16 or earlier. No patch is currently available.

SSRF Adobe Magento +2
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM This Month

Server-side request forgery in Adobe Commerce 2.4.4 through 2.4.9-alpha3 enables high-privileged attackers to bypass security controls and access unauthorized resources without user interaction. The vulnerability affects multiple versions across the Commerce and Commerce B2B product lines, allowing manipulation of internal server requests from an authenticated administrative context. No patch is currently available.

SSRF Adobe Magento +2
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.4
MEDIUM This Month

SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in a built-in ABAP testing report that allows authenticated attackers to send HTTP requests to arbitrary internal or external endpoints. Successful exploitation could enable reconnaissance of sensitive internal systems and potential data exfiltration, though availability is not impacted. Currently, no patch is available for this vulnerability.

SSRF SAP
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL Act Now

SSRF vulnerability in ThermaKube Kubernetes monitoring tool allows server-side requests to internal services.

SSRF Thermakube
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC PATCH Monitor

Server-side request forgery in Bytedesk versions up to 1.3.9 allows authenticated attackers to manipulate the apiUrl parameter in the SpringAIGiteeRestService component, enabling them to make arbitrary network requests from the affected server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, which requires valid user credentials to exploit. Users should upgrade to version 1.4.5.4 or later to remediate the issue.

Java SSRF Bytedesk
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC PATCH Monitor

Server-side request forgery in Bytedesk versions up to 1.3.9 allows authenticated attackers to manipulate the apiUrl parameter in the SpringAIOpenrouterRestController, enabling arbitrary HTTP requests from the affected server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, increasing the risk of active exploitation. Upgrading to version 1.4.5.4 or later resolves this issue.

Java SSRF Bytedesk
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.0
LOW POC Monitor

ContiNew Admin up to version 4.2.0 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in its Storage Management Module that allows remote attackers to manipulate URI creation functions with high privileges. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available from the vendor despite early disclosure notification.

Java SSRF Continew Admin +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW Monitor

XXL-Job versions up to 3.3.2 contain a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the JobInfoController that allows authenticated attackers to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the server due to insufficient access token validation. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this remotely to conduct SSRF attacks against internal systems. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available.

Java SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW Monitor

Server-side request forgery in bufanyun HotGo's ImageTransferStorage endpoint allows authenticated attackers to initiate arbitrary outbound requests from the vulnerable server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not provided patches or updates.

SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW Monitor

Server-side request forgery in welovemedia FFmate through version 2.0.15 allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate the fireWebhook function and force the server to make arbitrary HTTP requests. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not provided a patch despite early notification.

SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Wallos versions prior to 4.6.2 contain a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the webhook notification testing function that fails to restrict requests to private IP ranges, allowing authenticated attackers to read internal server responses. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability. The vulnerability affects Wallos and has been patched in version 4.6.2.

PHP SSRF Wallos +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Unauthenticated Server-Side Request Forgery in Homarr versions before 1.54.0 enables remote attackers to initiate arbitrary outbound HTTP requests from the server, potentially accessing internal network resources and private IP ranges. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability. The issue is resolved in version 1.54.0 and later.

SSRF Homarr
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.9
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

WeKnora's document import feature is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery through HTTP redirects, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass URL validation controls and access internal services despite backend protections against private IPs and metadata endpoints. The vulnerability affects WeKnora versions prior to 0.2.12 when deployed in Docker environments, where host.docker.internal addresses are not blocked. Public exploit code exists and no patch is currently available.

Docker SSRF AI / ML +3
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

OpenClaw versions before 2026.2.14 fail to validate base URLs in the Tlon Urbit extension, allowing attackers to trigger server-side request forgery attacks that direct the gateway to arbitrary hosts, including internal systems. This network-accessible vulnerability requires no authentication and can result in information disclosure and service disruption. No patch is currently available.

SSRF Openclaw
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

OpenClaw prior to version 2026.2.2 is vulnerable to server-side request forgery through its attachment and media URL processing, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to make arbitrary HTTP requests to internal resources. Attackers can exploit model-controlled message features to trigger the SSRF and exfiltrate response data as outbound attachments. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability.

SSRF AI / ML Openclaw
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.0
MEDIUM This Month

Twenty CRM versions prior to 1.18 allow authenticated users to bypass SSRF protections by exploiting unvalidated HTTP redirect targets, enabling access to private IP addresses through attacker-controlled intermediaries. An attacker with control over webhook endpoints or image URLs can leverage this vulnerability to reach restricted internal resources that would normally be blocked.

SSRF Twenty
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.4
MEDIUM This Month

SkatDesign Ratatouille versions up to 1.2.6 contain a server-side request forgery vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the affected system. An attacker with valid credentials can leverage this flaw to access internal services, retrieve sensitive information, or perform actions on behalf of the server across different security domains. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability.

WordPress SSRF Wordpress Theme
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

The @opennextjs/cloudflare package is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) through a path normalization bypass in the /cdn-cgi/image/ handler, where attackers can use backslash substitution to evade edge interception and trigger arbitrary remote URL fetches. This affects production deployments that rely on Cloudflare's edge to block such requests, allowing attackers to access internal resources or perform outbound requests to attacker-controlled servers. A patch is available.

SSRF Opennext For Cloudflare Cloudflare
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.0
MEDIUM This Month

Homebox prior to 0.24.0-rc.1 allows authenticated users to trigger HTTP POST requests to arbitrary destinations through the notifier feature without host or port validation, enabling attackers to enumerate internal services by observing application behavior differences based on network responses. The vulnerability affects all users with authentication access to the notifier functionality and carries a medium risk due to its reliance on behavioral side-channels rather than direct information disclosure.

SSRF Homebox Sysadminsmedia
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.1
CRITICAL POC Act Now

Chamilo LMS prior to 1.11.30 has a blind SSRF vulnerability enabling internal network reconnaissance from the learning platform.

PHP SSRF Chamilo Lms +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Chamilo is a learning management system. Prior to version 1.11.28, the OpenId function allows anyone to send requests to any URL on server's behalf, which results in unauthenticated blind SSRF. [CVSS 5.3 MEDIUM]

SSRF Chamilo Lms Chamilo
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0%
This Week

Featured Image from Content (featured-image-from-content) WordPress plugin versions prior to 1.7 contain an authenticated server-side request forgery vulnerability that allows Author-level users to fetch internal HTTP resources.

WordPress SSRF
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM This Month

Kiteworks versions prior to 9.2.0 contain a DNS rebinding vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to circumvent SSRF protections and access restricted internal services. An attacker with administrative privileges could exploit this misconfiguration to reach backend systems that should be isolated from external access. No patch is currently available for affected deployments.

SSRF DNS Kiteworks +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC Monitor

Server-side request forgery in Paicoding 1.0.0-1.0.3 allows authenticated attackers to manipulate the image upload parameter and trigger arbitrary outbound requests from the affected server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not provided a patch despite early notification. The attack requires valid credentials but poses risks to internal network reconnaissance and data exfiltration.

Java SSRF Paicoding +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC Monitor

Server-side request forgery in PSI Probe up to version 5.3.0 allows authenticated attackers to conduct arbitrary network requests through the Whois lookup function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available from the vendor. The flaw requires valid credentials but can be exploited remotely with minimal complexity.

Java SSRF Psi Probe
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

GVfs FTP backend clients blindly trust server-provided IP addresses and ports during passive mode connections, enabling malicious FTP servers to conduct network reconnaissance and probe for open ports from the client's network perspective. The vulnerability requires user interaction but poses a confidentiality risk to network topology information. A patch is available to address this trust validation issue.

SSRF Red Hat Suse
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Server-Side Request Forgery in Zitadel's Action V2 webhook feature allows unauthenticated attackers to probe internal network services and gather information about internal infrastructure by crafting malicious webhook target URLs pointing to localhost or private IP addresses. The vulnerability affects Zitadel versions 4.0.0 through 4.11.0, with schema validation providing limited mitigation. No patch is currently available.

SSRF Zitadel Suse
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Astro web framework versions 9.0.0 through 9.5.3 fail to validate remote image domains when the inferSize option is enabled, allowing attackers to trigger server-side requests to arbitrary hosts and bypass configured image.domains and image.remotePatterns restrictions. An attacker controlling image URLs through CMS content or user input can exploit this to perform SSRF attacks or access unauthorized resources. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability.

SSRF Astro Astrojs Node
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.8
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Mailpit versions prior to 1.29.2 contain a Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability in the Link Check API that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to perform HTTP requests to arbitrary hosts, including internal and private IP addresses. The API fails to validate or filter target URLs and returns status codes for each link, enabling non-blind SSRF attacks. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, affecting deployments with default configuration.

SSRF Mailpit Suse +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0%
NONE POC PATCH Awaiting Data

Kruise provides automated management of large-scale applications on Kubernetes. Prior to versions 1.8.3 and 1.7.5, PodProbeMarker allows defining custom probes with TCPSocket or HTTPGet handlers.

Kubernetes SSRF Kruise
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.1
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

LangChain's RecursiveUrlLoader in @langchain/community versions prior to 1.1.18 fails to validate redirect targets, allowing authenticated attackers to bypass SSRF protections by redirecting from whitelisted URLs to internal or metadata endpoints. An attacker with user credentials can exploit this to access sensitive internal resources or cloud metadata services through automatic redirect following. Affected applications should upgrade to version 1.1.18, which disables automatic redirects and re-validates each redirect destination.

SSRF Langchain Langchain Community
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0%
PATCH This Week

The Angular SSR is a server-rise rendering tool for Angular applications. Versions prior to 21.2.0-rc.1, 21.1.5, 20.3.17, and 19.2.21 have a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the Angular SSR request handling pipeline. The vulnerability exists because Angular’s internal URL reconstruction logic directly trusts and consumes user-controlled HTTP headers specifically the Host and `X-Forwarded-*` family to determine the application's base origin without any validation of the dest...

SSRF Angular
NVD GitHub HeroDevs
EPSS 0% CVSS 3.1
LOW Monitor

A weakness has been identified in feiyuchuixue sz-boot-parent up to 1.3.2-beta. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /api/admin/common/files/download. Executing a manipulation of the argument url can lead to server-side request forgery. The attack can be executed remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. It is stated that the exploitability is difficult. Upgrading to v...

SSRF
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH POC PATCH This Week

esm.sh is a no-build content delivery network (CDN) for web development. In version 136, esm.sh is vulnerable to a full-response SSRF, allowing an attacker to retrieve information from internal websites through the vulnerability. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]

SSRF Esm.Sh Suse +2
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.0
MEDIUM This Month

Authenticated WordPress users with Author-level or higher privileges can exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability in the Responsive Lightbox & Gallery plugin (versions up to 2.7.1) due to improper hostname validation in the image upload function. This allows attackers to send arbitrary web requests from the vulnerable server to internal services, potentially exposing or modifying sensitive information within the network. The vulnerability affects all versions up to 2.7.1 with no patch currently available.

WordPress SSRF
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC Monitor

Website Link Extractor versions up to 1.0 is affected by server-side request forgery (ssrf) (CVSS 6.3).

SSRF Website Link Extractor Remyandrade
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.9
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Mastodon servers with the experimental FASP feature enabled are vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks, allowing unauthenticated attackers to register accounts with arbitrary base URLs that force the server to make requests to internal or local addresses. While attackers cannot control the full request path or view responses, this exposure of internal systems to external manipulation could facilitate reconnaissance or attacks on backend infrastructure. Affected versions are 4.4.0-4.4.13 and 4.5.0-4.5.6; a patch is available.

SSRF Mastodon Joinmastodon
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Payload CMS prior to v3.75.0 contains a Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability in its external file upload feature that allows authenticated users with upload collection permissions to access internal network resources by exploiting insufficient HTTP redirect validation. An attacker could retrieve sensitive response content from internal services accessible to the Payload server. A patch is available in version 3.75.0.

SSRF Payload Payloadcms
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Craft CMS versions 4.5.0 through 4.16.18 and 5.0.0 through 5.8.22 contain an SSRF bypass in GraphQL Asset mutations where IPv6-only hostnames bypass the security blocklist, allowing authenticated users with GraphQL asset editing permissions to perform server-side request forgery attacks. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, which is a regression of a previously patched SSRF issue. Authenticated users with appropriate GraphQL schema permissions can exploit this to access internal resources or perform requests to arbitrary IPv6 addresses.

SSRF Craft Cms Craftcms
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

DNS rebinding attacks in Craft CMS 4.5.0-RC1 through 4.16.18 and 5.0.0-RC1 through 5.8.22 allow authenticated attackers to bypass SSRF protections in GraphQL asset mutations by exploiting a Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use race condition between DNS validation and HTTP requests. Attackers with appropriate GraphQL schema permissions can access blocked IP addresses and internal resources that should be restricted. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, which represents a bypass of the previous CVE-2025-68437 fix.

SSRF Race Condition DNS +2
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC Monitor

Server-side request forgery in Dinky up to version 1.2.5 allows authenticated attackers to make arbitrary HTTP requests through the Flink Proxy Controller's proxyUba function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not released a patch despite early notification. An attacker with valid credentials can leverage this to access internal resources or perform actions on behalf of the affected server.

Java SSRF Dinky
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM POC This Month

Jeewms 3.7 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the UEditor plugin's getRemoteImage.jsp file, where the upfile parameter can be manipulated to make the server perform unintended network requests. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not provided a patch despite early notification. Remote attackers can exploit this without authentication to conduct SSRF attacks with low complexity.

SSRF Jeewms
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW Monitor

Server-side request forgery in Tiandy Video Surveillance System 7.17.0 allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate the urlPath parameter in the downloadImage function, enabling arbitrary network requests from the affected server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and the vendor has not released a patch despite early notification. The attack requires valid credentials but no user interaction, posing a medium-severity risk to organizations deploying this surveillance platform.

SSRF
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.1
LOW POC Monitor

Server-side request forgery in JeecgBoot 3.9.0's /sys/common/uploadImgByHttp endpoint allows authenticated attackers to manipulate the fileUrl parameter and make arbitrary HTTP requests from the vulnerable server. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available from the vendor despite early disclosure notification.

SSRF Jeecg Boot Jeecg
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.2
HIGH This Week

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Laborator Oxygen oxygen allows Server Side Request Forgery.This issue affects Oxygen: from n/a through <= 6.0.8. [CVSS 7.2 HIGH]

WordPress SSRF Wordpress Theme
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM This Month

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in OpenText™ XM Fax allows Server Side Request Forgery. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to perform blind SSRF to other systems accessible from the XM Fax server. [CVSS 5.3 MEDIUM]

SSRF Xm Fax Opentext
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM This Month

SPIP versions prior to 4.4.9 contain a blind server-side request forgery vulnerability in the syndication feature that allows authenticated users to manipulate the application into making arbitrary network requests to internal or external systems. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this by crafting malicious syndication URLs during site editing, bypassing the security filter mechanisms. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

SSRF Spip
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.9
MEDIUM This Month

SSRF in Hyland Alfresco Transformation Service via document processing.

SSRF Alfresco Transform Core Alfresco Transform Service +1
NVD
EPSS 0%
This Week

A SSRF and Arbitrary File Read vulnerability in AppSheet Core in Google AppSheet versions up to 2025-11 is affected by server-side request forgery (ssrf).

Google SSRF
NVD
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Quick Facts

Typical Severity
HIGH
Category
web
Total CVEs
3508

Related CWEs

MITRE ATT&CK

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