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AWS VPN Client CVE-2025-11462

CRITICAL
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (CWE-59)
2025-10-07 ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5
9.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticated local access to macOS host
  2. Exploit
    Symlink client log file to privileged location
  3. Execution
    Inject code via crafted client API calls
  4. Impact
    Log rotation writes payload and executes as root

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V5 - File Handling Symlink resolution safety
Exploitation Conditions

Requires an existing local, non-administrator account on a macOS host with AWS VPN Client versions 1.3.2 through 5.2.0 installed. The attacker must be able to create a symlink at the client's log destination directory (the directory lacks sufficient validation during log rotation) and must issue crafted client API calls that inject arbitrary code into the log file, then trigger or wait for a log-rotation event performed under elevated privileges. Limiting factors: exploitation is local-only (AV:L - no remote/network path), demands a pre-existing local account (PR:L), is confined to macOS and only the 1.3.2-5.2.0 version range, and is fully remediated by upgrading to 5.2.1 or later.

Impact

This is a genuine high-priority local privilege escalation, not a high-CVSS-but-low-risk paper finding, though the risk is bounded by its local attack vector. The provided CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N) scores 9.3 and is internally consistent with the description: a non-administrator local user (PR:L) exploits a symlink/log-rotation flaw (CWE-59) to reach root, with full vulnerable- and subsequent-system impact (VC/VI/VA and SC/SI/SA all High), reflecting complete host compromise. Critically, there is NO EPSS score, NO CISA KEV listing, and NO public POC in the provided data, so exploitation probability signals are absent rather than low - this means no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the 9.3 is driven purely by impact and ease once local access exists, not by observed or predicted real-world exploitation. The severity rests entirely on the local escalation chain; because AV:L requires the attacker to already have a local account, this is a second-stage/post-compromise privilege escalation rather than an internet-facing mass-exploitation risk. No key signals conflict with the description, but the absence of EPSS/KEV/POC should be read as 'unknown/unassessed' rather than 'confirmed low likelihood.'

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A non-administrator user already logged into a macOS endpoint running AWS VPN Client (1.3.2-5.2.0) creates a symlink redirecting the client log file to a privileged location, then issues crafted API calls that inject attacker-controlled code into the log content. When the client performs log rotation under elevated context, the injected payload is written to the privileged path and executed with root privileges. No public exploit code was identified in the provided data.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 08, 2026

Local privilege escalation in AWS VPN Client for macOS versions 1.3.2 through 5.2.0 allows an authenticated, non-administrator local user to gain root code execution by planting a symbolic link in the client's log destination directory and injecting crafted content via client API calls, which is then executed during log rotation under elevated privileges. The flaw is confined to macOS and requires a pre-existing local account, so remote exploitation is not possible; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis. AWS has released version 5.2.1 as the complete fix.

RemediationAI

Upgrade AWS VPN Client for macOS to version 5.2.1 or later (release notes: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpn/latest/clientvpn-user/client-vpn-connect-macos-release-notes.html). This is the only complete remediation; the vendor states 5.2.1 addresses the flaw (AWS Security Bulletin AWS-2025-020, https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2025-020/). For environments that cannot immediately upgrade, consider temporarily removing the AWS VPN Client from non-administrator-accessible hosts or restricting the ability of standard users to write to the client's log directory (e.g., via filesystem permissions) as a compensating control, though this may break logging or be bypassed and does not remove the underlying risk. Because exploitation is local and requires an authenticated account, tightening host access controls and monitoring for unexpected symlinks in log directories can reduce exposure. No other workarounds are documented.

Affected ProductsAI

AWS VPN Client for macOS versions 1.3.2 through 5.2.0 are affected; the vulnerability does not impact other platforms or versions outside that range. No CPE string was provided in the intelligence feed. The vendor advisory is available at AWS Security Bulletin AWS-2025-020 (https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2025-020/), and release notes are at https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpn/latest/clientvpn-user/client-vpn-connect-macos-release-notes.html.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability is a classic symlink (link-following) flaw, classified as CWE-59 (Improper Link Resolution Before File Access). The AWS VPN Client for macOS writes logs to a directory that is not adequately validated during log rotation. Because log rotation is performed with elevated privileges (root), a non-administrator local user can create a symbolic link in the log destination directory that points to a privileged file location. If the user then invokes crafted client API calls that inject arbitrary code into the log file, that content is later written to the privileged location and executed as root when rotation occurs. The issue is specific to macOS versions 1.3.2 through 5.2.0. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 9.3 (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H), and our independent assessment concurs with a CVSS 3.1 vector of AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H, reflecting a scope change because a compromise of the client process elevates to full host impact.

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Severity by source

Vendor (ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5) PRIMARY 9.3 CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Local non-admin user (AV:L, PR:L) escalates via a deterministic symlink/log-rotation chain (AC:L); gaining root from an unprivileged account crosses a security boundary (S:C) with full C/I/A impact.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Primary rating from Vendor (ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5).

CVSS VectorVendor: ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
High
Subsequent system: Integrity
High
Subsequent system: Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Improper Link Resolution Before File Access in the AWS VPN Client for macOS versions 1.3.2- 5.2.0 allows a local user to execute code with elevated privileges. Insufficient validation checks on the log destination directory during log rotation could allow a non-administrator user to create a symlink from a client log file to a privileged location. On log rotation, this could lead to code execution with root privileges if the user made crafted API calls which injected arbitrary code into the log file. We recommend users upgrade to AWS VPN Client for macOS 5.2.1 or the latest version.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-11462 affects macOS endpoints running AWS VPN Client versions 1.3.2 through 5.2.0, where any employee holding a standard, non-administrator account on the machine can escalate to full root control of that device. The flaw is local-only and macOS-specific, so it is not a network-reachable threat to the wider estate, but a single compromised or malicious insider account on a managed Mac can yield complete host takeover, exposing any credentials, tokens, or sensitive data resident on that system. This is best handled as a fleet-wide patch and privilege-management obligation measured in days rather than an emergency perimeter response, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch (upgrade macOS AWS VPN Client to 5.2.1 or later); pending upgrade, restrict local non-administrator write access to the client's log destination directory and monitor that path for planted symbolic links.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 89% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
vendor VPN client common among AWS customers, limited to macOS subset
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

46
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +46
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

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