Denial of Service

Use after free in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Printer Drivers on Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025 allows an authenticated local attacker to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by triggering a use-after-free memory-corruption condition. The flaw grants full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H) once low-level local access is obtained. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Brokering File System (bfs.sys/Bfs component) affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core), where a use-after-free (CWE-416) lets an already-authenticated local attacker corrupt kernel/broker memory to gain SYSTEM-level privileges. Exploitation requires low privileges but high attack complexity, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Microsoft has released a patch via its MSRC update guide.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows App Installer (the AppX/MSIX deployment component) lets a low-privileged but authenticated user corrupt memory via a use-after-free (CWE-416) and gain higher privileges on the host. The flaw affects Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, was reported by Microsoft, and has a vendor patch available. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV, though the CVSS 7.0 rating and full C/I/A impact make it a meaningful patch-cycle priority.

Denial of service in the pyasn1 Python ASN.1 library (versions prior to 0.6.4) allows a remote attacker to exhaust CPU and crash applications by supplying crafted BER, CER, or DER encoded data. The shared BER decoder parses long-form tags without bounding the tag ID size, so a malicious tag forces construction of an arbitrarily large integer whose processing scales quadratically, and on Python 3.11+ triggers unhandled ValueError exceptions in integer-to-string error formatting. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the fix commit ships proof-of-concept test cases; not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial of service in the pyasn1 Python ASN.1 library (all versions prior to 0.6.4) allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU by submitting a small crafted OBJECT IDENTIFIER or RELATIVE-OID whose arcs are decoded in quadratic time, so any application that calls decode() on untrusted ASN.1 data can be stalled per call; re-encoding such values triggers the same blow-up. Rated CVSS 7.5 (availability-only) with no confidentiality or integrity impact; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the fix commit ships a regression test that effectively demonstrates the trigger. As a foundational dependency behind LDAP, SNMP, X.509/PKI and crypto tooling across the Python ecosystem, its broad transitive reach makes this notable despite the modest severity.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in the pyasn1 Python ASN.1 library (versions prior to 0.6.4) lets remote attackers hang applications that decode untrusted BER/CER/DER data. A REAL value only a few bytes long can encode an enormous exponent; when the decoded univ.Real object is later printed, logged, compared, or converted via prettyPrint(), str(), int(), or float(), pyasn1 performs exact big-integer exponentiation that consumes excessive CPU and memory. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the network/no-auth/no-interaction, availability-only profile makes this a straightforward denial-of-service primitive; the issue is fixed in version 0.6.4.

Uncontrolled memory consumption in Python Pillow (PIL) versions 5.1.0 through 12.2.x allows a remote attacker to cause denial of service by supplying a small crafted PDF whose FlateDecode stream declares a large Length; PdfParser.PdfStream.decode() passes this attacker-controlled Length straight to zlib.decompress() as the bufsize with no upper bound, so a tiny file inflates into gigabytes of decompressed data and exhausts host memory. Fixed in 12.3.0 by streaming decompression with a bounded max_length. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and this CVE is not in CISA KEV, but the trigger is trivial to construct.

Remote memory exhaustion in Cloudflare quiche's HTTP/3 layer allows unauthenticated attackers to crash or degrade QUIC servers by sending specially crafted HTTP/3 frames that trigger over-allocation. Two distinct defects are involved: frame parsers pre-allocate buffers based on an attacker-declared length field without requiring the bytes to actually be sent, and QPACK decompression fails to enforce the configured MAX_FIELD_SECTION_SIZE limit, so crafted HEADERS frames commit far more memory than advertised. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; impact is availability-only (CVSS 7.5) with no confidentiality or integrity effect.

Roundcube Webmail's TNEF (winmail.dat) decoder enters an infinite loop when processing a specially crafted TNEF attachment, causing denial of service for users on affected installations. Versions before 1.6.17 and 1.7.x before 1.7.2 are confirmed affected per the vendor advisory issued 2026-07-05. No public exploit code and no active exploitation (CISA KEV) have been identified; the CVSS vector confirms user interaction is required, limiting automatable mass exploitation.

Denial of service in Roundcube Webmail's TNEF decoder allows remote senders to crash the webmail parser by embedding a crafted compressed-RTF size field inside a winmail.dat attachment. Affected versions are all Roundcube Webmail releases before 1.6.17 and 1.7.x before 1.7.2. Release notes confirm the defect manifests as an infinite loop in the TNEF parser, meaning repeated delivery of malicious emails could degrade server availability for affected users. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial of service in Python Pillow 12.0.0 through 12.2.0 lets a remote attacker hang an application by supplying a crafted EPS image whose %%BeginBinary directive declares a negative byte count, causing the EPS parser to seek backwards and re-parse the same directive forever. Any service that calls Image.open() on attacker-supplied EPS data is affected until upgraded to 12.3.0. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the upstream fix PR includes a test reproducer; the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV.

Memory-exhaustion denial of service in the DBI::ProfileData module (bundled with Perl DBI) before version 1.651 allows an attacker who supplies a crafted profile dump file to force the parser into allocating an oversized array. Because the path-index column is read directly from an untrusted file and used to size an in-memory array, a tiny malicious file can amplify into large memory consumption (CWE-770). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, but a vendor patch and root-cause commit are available.

Denial of service in Cloudflare quiche (all versions before 0.29.3) allows a remote unauthenticated peer to exhaust server memory by triggering rapid post-handshake source address migration, causing unbounded queuing of PathEvent::ReusedSourceConnectionId entries in the internal PathEvents collection. Because the queue grows without limit whenever an application does not drain it via path_event_next(), an attacker can force high memory consumption and crash or degrade the server; notably, servers remain vulnerable even when active connection migration is disabled. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Out-of-bounds memory read in the Zephyr RTOS LwM2M firmware-update pull client (subsys/net/lib/lwm2m/lwm2m_pull_context.c) lets a LwM2M management server — or an on-path attacker on a session lacking strong DTLS — leak adjacent device memory and crash the device by writing an over-length Package URI (resource /5/0/1). Affected releases span v3.0.0 through v4.4.0 with the default-on CONFIG_LWM2M_FIRMWARE_UPDATE_PULL_SUPPORT path enabled. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch is available and EPSS/KEV signals are absent.

NULL pointer dereference in Zephyr RTOS's syscall verifier allows an unprivileged user-mode thread to crash the kernel across the userspace security boundary. The z_vrfy_k_thread_name_copy() verification handler in kernel/thread.c incorrectly guards against the caller-supplied thread pointer being NULL rather than the ko pointer returned by k_object_find(), so any non-NULL but unregistered address bypasses the check and triggers a supervisor-mode NULL dereference that halts or reboots the system. Affecting Zephyr v2.0.0 through v4.4.0 when built with CONFIG_USERSPACE and CONFIG_THREAD_NAME enabled, no public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis, but the one-syscall reproducibility makes this straightforward to trigger in qualifying builds.

Local privilege escalation and kernel memory corruption in Zephyr RTOS on Xtensa SoCs (v3.7.0 through v4.4.0) built with CONFIG_XTENSA_MPU and CONFIG_USERSPACE, where arch_buffer_validate() fails open on an integer-overflow edge case, letting an unprivileged user thread trick the kernel into reading or writing arbitrary kernel/partition memory on its behalf. The flaw stems from a default-permit return value combined with a ROUND_UP address-space wrap that skips the MPU probe loop entirely, and it is not caught by the existing syscall-layer overflow guards. Vendor patch is available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and this is not in CISA KEV.

Remote denial-of-service in Rockwell Automation's 1734 POINT I/O module allows unauthenticated network attackers to force the module into a faulted state by sending specially crafted CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) messages, halting I/O processing until a manual restart is performed. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.7 reflects a high availability impact against a network-reachable OT device with no privileges or user interaction required. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial-of-service in the Rockwell Automation 1719-AENTR (and companion 1718-AENTR) EtherNet/IP adapter allows remote attackers to overload the device with a UDP unicast network storm, causing loss of communication that requires a manual power cycle to recover. The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflects a high availability impact reachable over the network with no privileges or user interaction. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity makes it a real operational-technology availability concern.

Denial of Service in Trellix HX (versions 10.0.0 and earlier) allows an authenticated network attacker to exhaust appliance resources by submitting a specially crafted highly-compressed file to the HX console, triggering the product's own detection engine to perform runaway decompression. The impact is limited to availability - the EDR appliance becomes unresponsive - but disruption of an endpoint detection and response platform carries secondary operational risk by creating a monitoring blind spot. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and no CISA KEV listing exists.

Null pointer dereference in open62541's client library (versions up to 1.5.5) allows a remote OPC UA server to crash a connecting client by returning a malformed Server_NamespaceArray during session establishment, causing denial of service. The flaw is client-side only - server deployments are unaffected - and exploitation requires the attacker to control or impersonate a server the vulnerable client connects to, making practical exploitation high-complexity. A proof-of-concept exists as a GitHub issue report; no public exploit is confirmed as weaponized and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial of service in Siemens SIMATIC S7-PLCSIM Advanced (all versions) allows an unauthenticated attacker on the same local network segment to exhaust the application's memory by flooding it with high-volume multicast traffic, rendering the PLC simulation instance inaccessible until manually restarted. Exploitation is limited to instances running a specific active project configuration, and no project data is lost. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Memory exhaustion in elixir-mint's HTTP/2 client library (mint) allows a malicious or attacker-controlled HTTP/2 server to crash any BEAM application using the library by streaming unbounded zero-length CONTINUATION frames that bypass the existing byte-size guard. Affected versions span mint 0.1.0 through 1.9.1; a vendor-released patch is confirmed in 1.9.2. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the explicit SSRF and redirect attack vectors meaningfully increase realistic exposure for server-side Elixir applications that proxy user-supplied URLs.

Unbounded memory consumption in the Elixir Mint HTTP client (versions 0.1.0 through 1.9.1) lets a malicious or attacker-influenced HTTP server crash the entire BEAM application acting as the client. The HTTP/1 header and chunked-trailer parsers accumulate every incoming header line into a per-request buffer with no size or count cap, so a server that streams headers forever without sending the terminating blank line drives the client host to out-of-memory death. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch (1.9.2) and fix commit are available, and the EPSS/POC signals are unremarked in the source data.

Log integrity spoofing in Eclipse Kura before 5.6.2 lets an unauthenticated remote attacker forge the client IP recorded in audit logs by supplying a crafted X-Forwarded-For header, because the Jetty ForwardedRequestCustomizer is installed unconditionally on every connector and getRemoteAddr() reflects the header value. This enables bypass of IP-based brute-force defenses like fail2ban (spoofing a non-routable source to evade bans) or a denial of service against a third party by injecting a victim IP so their address is banned. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV; CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.8.

Missing authentication on Apache Doris Frontend (FE) HTTP REST administrative APIs allows any unauthenticated attacker with network reach to the FE HTTP service to invoke privileged administrative operations, degrading cluster integrity and availability up to full denial of service. All Apache Doris releases before 3.1.0 (per EUVD, the 2.1.0 through pre-3.1.0 line) are affected, and a fixed release exists in 3.1.0. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; the 9.1 Critical CVSS reflects the trivial unauthenticated network exploitability rather than confirmed in-the-wild use.

Denial of service in aMule 2.3.3 lets a remote eD2k server crash the client by sending a malformed OP_SERVERMESSAGE packet that overflows a stack buffer (CWE-121). The flaw is triggered client-side when parsing server-supplied message data, so any hostile or spoofed server the client connects to can terminate the application. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the issue is documented only as an upstream bug report (amule GitHub issue #445), not a released patch.

Denial of service in the Crypt::OpenSSL::X509 Perl module before 2.1.3 lets a malformed X.509 certificate crash any Perl process that parses it. Four helper functions (basicC, ia5string, auth_att, keyid_data) dereference NULL pointers returned by OpenSSL's X509V3_EXT_d2i() on unparseable extensions - and keyid_data/auth_att additionally deref an akid->keyid field that is legitimately NULL for an empty Authority Key Identifier (DER 30 00). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the fix commit and a clear crash mechanism are published; CVSS is 7.5 (availability-only).

Denial of service in HedgeDoc before 1.11.0 lets a user who can store a note crash the instance by embedding a YAML "alias bomb" in the note frontmatter. Because HedgeDoc parsed frontmatter with the unsafe js-yaml v3 load (via @hedgedoc/meta-marked) and resolved anchor aliases, a compact ten-level payload expands into a massive object that blocks the single Node.js event loop for roughly 235 seconds on every request to the publish view (/s/<shortid>) or, under the opengraph key, the editor view (/<noteId>). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not in CISA KEV, but the stored payload persists in the database and re-triggers after process restarts, making outages durable until the note is deleted.

Unauthenticated CRUD on the provider-management API in 9Router (through 0.4.41) lets remote attackers with no credentials enumerate, create, modify, and delete provider connections via the Next.js routes under src/app/api/providers/*. Because the /api/providers endpoints ship without authentication middleware, attackers can harvest partial credentials, OAuth tokens, and API keys, redirect AI traffic to attacker-controlled providers, or wipe all connections for a full denial of service; the companion /api/usage/stats endpoint further leaks full plaintext API keys. Rated CVSS 4.0 9.3 (critical); no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the trivial access makes exploitation straightforward.

Integer overflow in gawk's do_sub() routine (builtin.c) enables heap metadata corruption on 32-bit builds, crashing the process. Affecting all gawk versions through 5.4.0 compiled for 32-bit architectures, this flaw was reported by CERT-PL and is limited exclusively to the availability domain - the CVSS 4.0 vector confirms no confidentiality or integrity impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and a patch commit is available upstream.

Use-after-free memory corruption in gawk's do_getline_redir() routine within io.c allows a local attacker to crash the gawk process, causing a denial of service. All gawk versions 5.4.0 and below are affected, as confirmed by CERT-PL and an upstream patch commit. No active exploitation has been identified (not in CISA KEV), and the impact is confined to availability - no confidentiality or integrity effects have been demonstrated.

Remote unauthenticated code execution in Thales CERT's "Suspicious" email-analysis application (versions 1.3.4 and earlier), dubbed "Matryoshka Mail," lets an attacker abuse path traversal in attachment handling to overwrite writable application files-Python modules, configuration, cron inputs, and runtime artifacts-yielding root-level execution inside the Django container. Because the affected code runs Python and processes attacker-supplied mail, overwriting an imported module effectively converts arbitrary file write into RCE, plus persistent denial of service and possible exposure of application secrets and integrations. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not in CISA KEV, but it carries a CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.2 and vendor-credited discovery by Lucien Doustaly (wlayzz).

Arbitrary file write in the Evbee DC-80 EV charging station lets remote unauthenticated attackers overwrite any file on the device by sending a POST request whose Content-Disposition filename parameter is trusted without validation. Because a written file can clobber system files (denial of service) or replace shell scripts that are later executed, this escalates to remote code execution. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3 and CWE-20 root cause make this a critical, high-priority flaw.

Catastrophic regex backtracking in Mattermost's client-side markdown parser can be triggered by an authenticated user posting a specially crafted message attachment, causing a denial-of-service condition for every user rendering that channel. Affected builds span versions 11.7.x through 11.7.2, 11.6.x through 11.6.4, and 10.11.x through 10.11.19. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, though the low exploitation complexity (AC:L, PR:L) lowers the bar for any authenticated insider or compromised account.

Denial of service in MikroTik RouterOS 7.21.x (before 7.21.4) and 7.22.x (before 7.22.2) allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to crash the core inter-process communication layer by triggering an integer overflow in the unflatten() function of the bundled libumsg.so library. Successfully exploiting it disrupts device availability without touching data confidentiality or integrity. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though a third-party research blog documents the underlying integer overflow; EPSS is low at 0.20% (10th percentile).

A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the receive loop of libmodbus 3.1.12 when running on Windows. The issue stems from improper timeout management during network read operations.

Denial of service in Zephyr RTOS's Nuvoton NuMaker HSUSBD USB device-controller driver allows a physical or adjacent USB host to permanently wedge the device's USB control endpoint. The driver unconditionally arms the control Data IN stage without accounting for the hardware's inability to disarm an already-armed transfer, so a host that cancels an in-flight control transfer and then re-issues a SETUP packet drives the driver out of sync. Repeated cancel-and-re-SETUP cycles cause the control endpoint to NAK every subsequent transfer, rendering the USB function non-operational until a USB reset or re-plug. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Kernel memory corruption in the Zephyr RTOS (versions v1.14.0 through v4.4.0) lets an unprivileged user-mode thread corrupt the kernel's dynamic object-tracking list across the userspace security boundary. The flaw is a use-after-free race (CWE-416) in the obj_list traversal, exploitable only on builds combining CONFIG_SMP, CONFIG_USERSPACE, and CONFIG_DYNAMIC_OBJECTS, and can yield privilege escalation or a kernel crash. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch is available.

Out-of-bounds stack write in the Zephyr RTOS IPv4 address parser (parse_ipv4() in subsys/net/ip/utils.c) lets an attacker corrupt memory when an application resolves an attacker-influenced "a.b.c.d:port" string, causing at minimum denial of service and potentially control-flow hijack on the affected embedded device. The defect exists in every release from v1.9.0 through v4.4.0 and is reachable through the standard socket resolver (zsock_getaddrinfo), DNS server-string configuration, and the eswifi Wi-Fi DNS-response path. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but a vendor fix (two upstream commits and advisory GHSA-532c-7g7f-jhmh) is available.

Out-of-bounds write in the WireGuard subsystem of Zephyr RTOS 4.4.0 lets a malicious or compromised WireGuard peer (or an on-path attacker driving an established session) corrupt memory by sending an oversized transport-data datagram. Because the flawed copy occurs before the Poly1305 authentication check, exploitation needs only a valid receiver session index rather than a valid authenticator, and reliably yields at least a remote denial of service on the target device. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; the Zephyr project has published advisory GHSA-3wqm-wgx2-9367 and an upstream fix.

Use-after-free and double-free in Zephyr RTOS's experimental USB host stack (CONFIG_USB_HOST_STACK, introduced in v4.4.0) allows an attacker with physical USB access to crash the target device or corrupt live kernel slab objects by bouncing a USB device connection to trigger a second removal event after the slab has already been freed. The flaw exists because usbh_device_disconnect() frees the root usb_device slab object without clearing the cached ctx->root pointer, and UHC controller drivers (uhc_max3421e, uhc_mcux_common) emit UHC_EVT_DEV_REMOVED directly from hardware line-state with no debounce or re-entry guard. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and no CISA KEV listing; the physical-access prerequisite substantially constrains the realistic attacker population.

Skillable's hosted SCORM lab launch endpoint at scorm.skillable.com enforces per-user lab allocation limits against a client-supplied userId query parameter that is never validated against the authenticated SCORM session token, enabling any enrolled learner to bypass rate limits, provision concurrent cloud VM lab instances at the course provider's expense, and exhaust another enrolled user's lab or exam allocation to deny them access. The vulnerability (CWE-639) was confirmed against the reporter's own account and a consenting fellow student on 2026-05-03; the vendor subsequently acknowledged in a private customer advisory that exam allocations and another learner's active session details are also reachable via the same mechanism. No fix is planned for the SCORM launch path; the vendor characterises the weakness as an inherent SCORM limitation and recommends migration to API or LTI 1.3 integrations. No public exploit code has been released, but the attack technique is trivially reproducible by any enrolled student with a proxy.

Arbitrary file write in Crawl4AI's Docker API server (versions before 0.8.7) lets remote unauthenticated attackers overwrite any file writable by the service account by abusing the unvalidated output_path parameter on the /screenshot and /pdf endpoints. Reported by VulnCheck and disclosed in GitHub advisory GHSA-365w-hqf6-vxfg, the flaw enables path traversal or absolute-path writes that corrupt server files and cause denial of service. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable, no-privileges attack surface makes it a straightforward target once a Crawl4AI Docker server is exposed.

Out-of-bounds write in Zephyr RTOS's Bluetooth BAP Broadcast Assistant (subsys/bluetooth/audio/bap_broadcast_assistant.c v4.4.0 and earlier) allows a BLE-adjacent attacker operating one or more malicious Scan Delegator peripherals to corrupt the target device's memory or cause a denial of service. The root cause is a file-static 512-byte att_buf (net_buf_simple) shared across all connection instances: when the Broadcast Assistant holds two or more concurrent BLE connections, concurrent GATT notification callbacks interleave writes into this buffer without tailroom checks, enabling writes past the BSS boundary into adjacent memory. No public exploit has been identified and exploitation requires high attack complexity, but the memory corruption primitive is serious for embedded/IoT targets where crash recovery may be unavailable.

Memory exhaustion denial of service in ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 results from an unreleased memory leak in the VIFF image encoder triggered by failed memory allocation during image processing. Locally-positioned attackers without privileges can supply specially crafted VIFF images to repeatedly trigger this leak, gradually exhausting system memory. The CVSS 4.0 score of 2.1 with local attack vector, high complexity, and additional prerequisites indicates this is a low-severity, operationally limited issue; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 exposes servers that process untrusted images to denial of service and potential code execution via a dangling pointer in the FormatMagickCaption method when memory allocation fails. The CVSS 4.0 vector scores this at 6.3, reflecting high attack complexity (AC:H) and specific prerequisite conditions (AT:P), though intelligence tags flag RCE - a claim the vendor CVSS impact metrics do not fully corroborate, as only low availability impact is scored. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.

Heap use-after-free in ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash applications processing attacker-supplied image files by embedding specially crafted XMP profile data. The root cause is a missing null check (CWE-252) during XMP metadata parsing, which triggers invalid memory access and results in a denial-of-service condition. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing exist at time of analysis, though ImageMagick's deep integration into web image pipelines means a single malicious upload can disrupt server-side processing at scale.

Memory allocation policy bypass in ImageMagick's matrix-backed operations allows a crafted image to exhaust process memory and cause a denial of service. Affected across both the version 7 series (before 7.1.2-26) and the legacy version 6 series (before 6.9.13-51), the flaw arises because operations such as -canny fail to enforce the memory ceiling set in the configured policy, nullifying a key security control. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 4.0 score of 4.8 reflects a local attack vector requiring user interaction, keeping real-world exposure moderate.

Heap-based out-of-bounds read in ImageMagick before 7.1.2-19 is triggered when processing an image carrying an unrecognized magnify:method value, causing the magnify operation to read beyond allocated heap memory. Affected systems running any version prior to 7.1.2-19 can be impacted when a user or automated pipeline processes a specially crafted image file, with outcomes ranging from partial memory disclosure to application crash. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 4.0 score of 4.8 (Medium) reflects the limited local/interactive nature of the attack.

Unauthorized data modification in SurfLink - Link Manager & Backup Restore (all versions up to 2.6.0) allows authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access to inject arbitrary URLs into the plugin's 410 Gone database table, causing those site paths to return HTTP 410 Gone responses to all visitors. The root cause is a missing capability check (current_user_can()) and absent nonce verification (check_ajax_referer()) in the ajax_import_410() AJAX handler - a conspicuous gap given that every other AJAX handler in the same PHP class correctly implements both controls. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and no CISA KEV listing is present, but the low authentication barrier and clear impact on site availability and SEO ranking make this a meaningful risk for affected WordPress deployments.

Regular-expression denial of service (ReDoS) in the Phalcon PHP framework before 5.15.0 lets remote unauthenticated attackers exhaust server CPU by sending a crafted request URI. Every default MVC application registers a built-in route whose compiled PCRE pattern contains a nested quantifier that Router::handle() evaluates against the raw request path on every request, so a path with repeated slashes followed by decoded newlines triggers catastrophic backtracking. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflects a high availability impact with no confidentiality or integrity effect.

Local memory-corruption escalation in Imagination Technologies' Graphics DDK (the PowerVR GPU driver stack) lets an unprivileged user trigger a use-after-free by issuing an improper sequence of GPU system calls. By forcing a failure path in the MMU mapping logic, an attacker leaves internal driver state incompletely cleaned up, enabling unauthorized read/write access to physical memory from shader code. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low (0.15%), but the flaw carries high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact for local attackers.

Remote unauthenticated denial of service in the h2o HTTP server (all versions prior to commit edd7a120bfc4af11ac0cbebce2a43cc1f93f9af1) allows an attacker to crash the server by sending a crafted QPACK instruction over HTTP/3. The flaw causes lib/http3/qpack.c to allocate an ~800 KB on-stack buffer via alloca, overflowing the default musl libc pthread stack and segfaulting on the guard page. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; impact is limited to availability with no data exposure.

Memory-exhaustion denial of service in RabbitMQ server prior to 4.2.6 allows an unauthenticated remote client to crash or degrade the broker via its stream protocol listener. Because the stream listener fails to enforce the configured frame-size limit while assembling frames during authentication and before Tune negotiation, an attacker can declare oversized frame lengths and force unbounded memory allocation in rabbit_stream_core. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; risk stems from the trivially reachable, pre-authentication attack surface (CVSS 7.5).

Uncontrolled resource consumption in the RabbitMQ Management plugin's HTTP API lets an authenticated client crash or degrade the broker by submitting oversized-but-valid JSON bodies. The flaw lives in read_complete_body, which validates accumulated body size before the final chunk but never checks the final combined size, so the with_decode and direct_request code paths buffer and decode payloads that exceed intended limits. Affected releases are all versions prior to 3.13.14, 4.0.19, 4.1.10, and 4.2.5; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial of service in OpenResty 1.29.2.1 through 1.29.2.4 arises from an out-of-bounds write (CWE-787) in the upstream PROXY protocol v2 implementation; when the platform is configured to prepend PROXY protocol v2 headers to upstream connections, header construction in the stream proxy-protocol-v2 patch overruns its allocated buffer and crashes the worker process. Any environment that has explicitly enabled PROXY protocol v2 for upstream connections is affected, degrading availability without any impact to confidentiality or integrity. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not on CISA KEV; it is resolved in OpenResty 1.29.2.5.

Arbitrary Python code execution in BabelDOC (funstory-ai, pip package `babeldoc`) prior to 0.6.3 allows an attacker to run code in the context of the translation process by having a victim process a crafted PDF. The vendored pdfminer CMap loader (`cmapdb.py::_load_data`) strips only NUL bytes from a PDF-controlled CMap/Encoding name and passes it to `pickle.loads()`, so a hex-encoded absolute path in the PDF's `/Encoding` name redirects deserialization to an attacker-planted `.pickle.gz` file. A detailed, working proof-of-concept exists (publicly available exploit code exists); there is no CISA KEV listing and no public evidence of active exploitation at time of analysis.

Memory exhaustion in NanaZip's UFS/FFS archive handler (all versions prior to 6.5.1749.0) allows a local low-privilege attacker to terminate the NanaZip process by delivering a crafted disk image that a user opens. The root cause is missing upper-bound validation of the `fs_fsize` fragment size field in the UFS superblock - unlike `fs_bsize`, which is checked against MINBSIZE, `fs_fsize` flows unchecked into indirect-block, directory, and extraction buffer allocation calculations, enabling a tiny image file to trigger multi-gigabyte heap allocation requests. No public exploit has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 4.0 score of 2.4 (Low) reflects the constrained local, user-interaction-required attack path with availability-only impact.

Process crash via uncaught C++ exception in NanaZip's .NET single-file bundle handler affects all versions prior to 6.5.1749.0 on Windows. The extraction buffer is sized from the bundle entry's Size field, which is validated only for sign - not against the actual file content - allowing a crafted archive to trigger an attacker-controlled allocation whose resulting std::bad_alloc or std::length_error propagates across the COM STDMETHODCALLTYPE ABI boundary and terminates the NanaZip process. Impact is limited to denial of service; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vendor has released a fix in version 6.5.1749.0.

NULL pointer dereference in NanaZip's custom archive handlers crashes the application when a user tests or extracts archives of seven specific formats. All NanaZip versions prior to 6.5.1749.0 are affected; the seven vulnerable handlers cover WebAssembly, ElectronAsar, Zealfs, Romfs, Ufs, Littlefs, and DotNetSingleFile archive types. Impact is limited to a process crash (denial of service) with no confidentiality or integrity consequence; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Memory exhaustion in NanaZip's WebAssembly archive handler (prior to 6.5.1749.0) allows a crafted .wasm file to trigger multi-gigabyte heap allocations by supplying oversized 32-bit NameSize or Information.Size fields that are consumed without bounds validation in NanaZip.Codecs.Archive.WebAssembly.cpp. When a user opens or lists such an archive, NanaZip attempts to satisfy the inflated allocations via std::string or std::vector paths, exhausting process memory and causing a crash. No active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; the impact is strictly limited to NanaZip process availability with no confidentiality or integrity consequence.

Disk exhaustion and crash vulnerability in Grav's Direct Install tool allows an authenticated admin.super user to upload a specially crafted ZIP archive that decompresses without bound, filling the server disk or crashing the process. Affecting all Grav releases prior to 2.0.0, the root cause is the Installer::unZip method invoking PHP's ZipArchive::extractTo with no enforced limits on uncompressed size, entry count, or directory depth - a classic zip bomb attack surface. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released fix is available in version 2.0.0.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in Grav flat-file CMS before 1.7.53 and 2.0.0-rc.8 lets a remote unauthenticated visitor crash or degrade a server by requesting on-the-fly image derivatives with absurdly large dimensions. Because Grav::fallbackUrl forwards URL query image actions such as forceResize straight to ImageMedium magic actions with no dimension or pixel ceiling, a single crafted request forces the server to allocate huge amounts of memory and CPU to build the derivative. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the attack is trivial and scriptable given the CVSS 4.0 VA:H, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N profile.

Denial of service in Espressif's ESP-IDF JPEG driver (versions 6.0.1, 5.5.4, 5.4.4, 5.3.5 and likely earlier) stems from an out-of-bounds stack write in jpeg_parse_dqt_marker(), where the attacker-controlled DQT marker Tq nibble indexes the qt_tbl array without a 0..3 bounds check. Any application that feeds untrusted JPEG data into the hardware JPEG decode path can be reliably crashed by a single malformed image. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; the vendor has released a fix in 6.0.2 with backports pending for the 5.x branches.

Denial of service in the Excelize Go library (github.com/xuri/excelize/v2, a.k.a. qax-os/excelize) before 2.11.0 allows remote attackers to crash any service that opens attacker-supplied XLSX files and reads cell values. The checkSheet() function trusts the <row r="N"> XML attribute as an allocation length, enabling either a ~16 GB out-of-memory kill (r=2147483647) or a runtime panic from negative-index slicing (r=-1). No authentication is required; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Uncontrolled memory and CPU consumption in Excelize (qax-os/excelize), the widely used Go library for reading and writing Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, before version 2.11.0 lets a crafted XLSX file trigger a denial of service. The streaming worksheet reader behind the Rows and GetRows APIs fails to enforce the TotalRows (1,048,576) limit on the row 'r' attribute, so a tiny file declaring an out-of-range row index with no cell coordinate forces GetRows to allocate empty rows up to that attacker-chosen index. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the trigger is trivial to construct and the fix is confined to a single validation check.

Denial of service in Grav CMS before 2.0.1 allows authenticated users to exhaust server storage by uploading a crafted ZIP archive (a decompression bomb) that the ZipArchiver::extract() routine expands without enforcing limits on uncompressed size, file count, or nesting depth. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 7.1 reflects a network-reachable, low-privilege flaw whose sole impact is high availability loss. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Disk space exhaustion in n8n's data-table file upload endpoint allows an authenticated user to progressively fill the host's disk by repeatedly uploading files whose cumulative size is never checked against what already exists in the shared temporary directory. Affected versions span all n8n releases before 2.28.0 on the 2.x branch and before 1.123.58 on the 1.x branch. The flaw is rooted in a stateless per-request quota that ignores previously written files, enabling a low-privileged user to loop uploads between periodic cleanup cycles until disk space is exhausted, potentially disrupting the host and all co-resident services. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in ImageMagick's PDB decoder (all versions before 7.1.2-15) allows remote attackers supplying crafted Palm Database image files to crash the application or write a single null byte to freed heap memory. The flaw manifests specifically when memory allocation fails during PDB decoding, leaving a stale pointer that is subsequently dereferenced rather than nulled or re-validated. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; the CVSS 4.0 score of 6.3 reflects constrained exploitation conditions (AC:H, AT:P) and impact limited strictly to availability.

Memory leak in ImageMagick's META reader (versions before 7.1.2-18) enables denial of service through resource exhaustion when processing specially crafted APP1JPEG image files. The flaw sits in the error-handling path of the META reader, meaning memory allocated during malformed APP1JPEG processing is never freed, allowing an attacker to repeatedly trigger the leak until the host process exhausts available memory. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; the CVSS 4.0 score of 4.8 (Medium) reflects limited impact scope.

Plan quota enforcement is missing on the /files/upload/attachments endpoint in Capgo before 12.128.2, allowing upload-scoped API keys to bypass plan restrictions and create publicly readable Cloudflare R2 objects regardless of account standing. Apps that have been plan-blocked or suspended retain the ability to upload arbitrary attachments that persist outside bundle metadata and survive app deletion, enabling sustained storage and bandwidth abuse against the Capgo platform. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability has not been confirmed as actively exploited.

Denial of service in Elixir's Plug library (versions 1.4.0 through 1.20.2) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust filesystem inodes, disk space, and server memory via a single crafted multipart HTTP request. The Plug.Parsers.MULTIPART component charges its configurable :length limit only against part body bytes, meaning part headers are never counted and parts with empty bodies cost exactly zero - yet each such part with a filename triggers creation of a Plug.Upload struct and a real temporary file on disk. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though the technique is trivially reproducible from the description alone against any application exposing a multipart endpoint.

SQL injection in Postgrex.Notifications' reconnect replay path allows an attacker who can supply untrusted input as a PostgreSQL LISTEN channel name to corrupt the shared notification connection, silently dropping all channel subscriptions and causing persistent denial of service of the notification subsystem. Affected versions are postgrex 0.16.0 through 0.22.2 in the Elixir ecosystem. No arbitrary SQL execution is possible due to double-quote escaping, and no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists; the CVSS 4.0 base score of 2.1 reflects the constrained, precondition-heavy impact.

Heap overflow in libarchive's PAX extended header parser allows exploitation via a maliciously crafted tar archive containing a malformed SUN.holesdata sparse-file attribute. Successful exploitation of the affected system could result in a denial of service condition or, in more serious cases, arbitrary code execution under the privileges of the process invoking libarchive. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis, though a GitHub pull request (#3253) indicating an upstream fix is available suggests the issue is reproducible and patch-ready. The official CVSS score of 3.9 (Low) conflicts materially with the vendor-applied RCE tag, a discrepancy that warrants independent validation.

adm-zip before 0.5.18 is vulnerable to denial of service via a crafted ZIP file with a manipulated uncompressed size header field. In zipEntry.js line 103, Buffer.alloc(_centralHeader.size) allocates memory based on the declared uncompressed size from the ZIP central directory header without validating it against the actual compressed data size or imposing any upper bound. The size value is read directly from the binary header at entryHeader.js line 266 with no bounds check. An attacker can craft a ~120-byte ZIP file that declares ~4GB uncompressed size, causing a memory allocation amplification ratio of over 33 million to 1. The allocation occurs before CRC validation, so the malicious payload cannot be rejected early. All extraction and read methods are affected: readFile(), readAsText(), extractEntryTo(), extractAllTo(), extractAllToAsync(), test(), and entry.getData(). Any application accepting untrusted ZIP files via adm-zip is vulnerable to immediate process crash.

Path traversal in psd-tools through v1.17.0 exposes any application processing untrusted PSD files to arbitrary file write and secondary arbitrary file read via the SmartObject API. SmartObject.save() consumes the embedded smart-object filename verbatim from the PSD binary - without basename stripping, absolute-path rejection, or directory-escape filtering - allowing a crafted PSD to write attacker-supplied bytes to any path the process can reach. A secondary issue in SmartObject.open() for external-kind objects uses the attacker-controlled fullPath descriptor as a read source, enabling file exfiltration to the write destination. A standalone proof-of-concept is publicly confirmed in the advisory; the fix is vendor-confirmed in v1.17.1 (PR #657). No public exploit identified at time of analysis beyond the advisory-embedded POC, and no CISA KEV listing was found.

Denial of service in Artifex jbig2dec (JBIG2 decoder, commit cc37d0) lets a remote attacker crash the decoder by supplying a crafted JBIG2 image that triggers an integer overflow in jbig2_arith_iaid_ctx_new(). Impact is availability-only (CVSS 7.5, A:H) with no data exposure or code execution indicated. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though a researcher gist referenced by NVD may contain reproduction material; EPSS is low at 0.17% (6th percentile) and the flaw is not in CISA KEV.

Denial of service in pdeljanov Symphonia up to version 0.6.0 can be triggered locally by a low-privileged attacker who supplies a crafted audio file to the Metadata Handler component, causing improper resource release and application unavailability. The root cause is CWE-404 (Improper Resource Shutdown or Release) within the metadata parsing subsystem, with no impact on confidentiality or data integrity. A proof-of-concept exploit has been published; however, no patched release exists as the upstream fix (PR #514) remains unmerged at time of analysis.

Denial-of-service in fbxcel up to 0.9.0 allows a local, low-privileged attacker to crash any application embedding this Rust FBX-parsing library by supplying a crafted FBX file that triggers improper resource handling in the v7400 Node Header Handler. Impact is limited to availability with no confidentiality or integrity consequence, consistent with the CVSS 4.0 base score of 1.9. A public proof-of-concept exists (CVSS 4.0 E:P), though exploitation is constrained entirely to local access paths; no KEV listing or active exploitation has been reported.

Remote denial-of-service in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved 25.2 (before 25.2R2 / 25.2R2-EVO) lets an adjacent, unauthenticated BGP peer crash the routing protocol daemon (RPD) by sending a single malformed non-inet/inet6 unicast BGP update over an already-established session. The RPD crash-and-restart produces a full routing outage until reconvergence completes, though the crash occurs before the update is readvertised so there is no downstream propagation to other routers. CVSS 4.0 base score is 7.1; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial-of-service in the Packet Forwarding Engine of Juniper Junos OS on MX Series routers allows an unauthenticated, network-adjacent attacker to crash and restart the FPC by continuously flapping Micro-BFD sessions. The PFEMAN process queues each up/down event and, in a Virtual-Chassis deployment with locality-bias enabled, processing is slow enough that a sustained flap backlog prevents completion and trips the PFEMAN watchdog timer, forcing an FPC restart and a full traffic outage. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not in CISA KEV, but the low complexity and unauthenticated adjacent vector make it a credible availability threat to affected line cards (MPC9 and below).

Denial-of-service in Juniper Junos OS Evolved on PTX Series routers lets an unauthenticated network attacker crash the advanced forwarding toolkit process (evo-aftmand) on the Packet Forwarding Engine by driving continuous routing updates that produce unified-list (unilist) ECMP routes. The resulting internal state corruption generates an evo-aftmand-bx core and halts forwarding, requiring a manual FPC restart or system reboot to recover. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the vendor (Juniper SIRT) notes successful exploitation depends on a sequence of events outside the attacker's direct control, so this is a high-CVSS availability issue rather than a trivially reproducible one.

Stack-based buffer overflow in the Mercusys MW302R (EU) V1 1.4.10 Build 231023 administrative web interface allows an authenticated attacker with administrative access on the same network segment to crash the device by sending a specially crafted HTTP request. The crash results from control flow being redirected to an arbitrary instruction address - a classic CWE-121 stack overflow pattern that produces denial of service. No public exploit is confirmed in CISA KEV, though a researcher GitHub gist (BarrYPL/13dcd071673866cbbfaaa05085b98cf3) appears to document the finding and may constitute a proof-of-concept write-up. EPSS probability is very low at 0.16% (6th percentile), consistent with a niche consumer router model.

NULL pointer dereference in the Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved management daemon (mgd) allows a local, high-privileged attacker to crash the mgd process by manipulating a specific 'system services ssh' configuration parameter. Repeated execution of the offending configuration commands sustains the Denial of Service condition until the action ceases, as mgd will restart but crash again upon re-triggering. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; the attack barrier is high, requiring both local access and administrative-level credentials.

Denial-of-service in Juniper Networks Junos OS on EX Series switches (EX2300, EX3400, EX4000, EX4100, EX4400) lets a low-privileged authenticated attacker crash the Flexible PIC Concentrator (FPC) by subscribing over gRPC to an unsupported telemetry sensor path in the packet forwarding engine. Each crash produces a complete forwarding outage until the module auto-restarts, and the trigger can be repeated for sustained disruption. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low complexity and single low-privilege prerequisite make it operationally easy to trigger.

Traffic forwarding on Juniper QFX Series switches running Junos OS Evolved can be fully disrupted by an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker exploiting a race condition in the sFlow collector handler. When sFlow collector reachability changes trigger a next-hop entry update concurrently with the sFlow thread reading that same next-hop data, the evo-pfemand process crashes and all packet forwarding halts until the process automatically restarts. No public exploit code exists and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis, but the availability impact is severe for any network segment relying on the affected switch.

Denial-of-service in Juniper Junos OS on EX4100 and EX4400 Series switches allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to exhaust packet-forwarding-engine memory and crash the Flexible PIC Concentrator (FPC). The flaw triggers only when sFlow monitoring is enabled in a Virtual Chassis and multicast traffic ingresses on one VC member and egresses on another, causing a slow buffer leak that culminates in an FPC crash and restart. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and lack of authentication make it a credible availability risk for affected deployments.

Denial-of-service in Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series (with SPC3) and SRX Series devices allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to crash the flow processing daemon (flowd) by sending a malformed SIP INVITE packet when the SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG) is enabled. The crash forces a flowd restart, producing a complete traffic-forwarding outage until the device auto-recovers, and can be repeated to sustain the outage. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; not listed in CISA KEV, and no EPSS score was provided.

Denial-of-service in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved on EX Series, QFX Series, and MX Series allows a local, low-privileged attacker to crash the l2ald (Layer 2 Address Learning Daemon) by issuing a specific 'show l2-learning' CLI command, disrupting all Layer 2 services until the process automatically restarts. The root cause is a Return of Pointer Value Outside of Expected Range flaw (CWE-466) in the fileio library. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and active exploitation has not been confirmed by CISA or the vendor.