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Python Pillow CVE-2026-59200

| EUVDEUVD-2026-43753 HIGH
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400)
2026-07-14 GitHub_M GHSA-jjj6-mw9f-p565
Python Denial Of Service Pillow Red Hat Suse
7.5
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: GitHub_M
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Severity by source

Vendor (GitHub_M) PRIMARY
7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
vuln.today AI
7.5 HIGH

Untrusted PDF reaching a server-side parser needs no auth or interaction (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N/AC:L); impact is pure memory-exhaustion DoS so C:N/I:N/A:H, scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE
6.2 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Red Hat
7.5 HIGH
qualitative

Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).

CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

4
Patch available
Jul 14, 2026 - 18:20 EUVD
Source Code Evidence Fetched
Jul 14, 2026 - 17:01 vuln.today
Analysis Generated
Jul 14, 2026 - 17:01 vuln.today
CVE Published
Jul 14, 2026 - 16:09 cve.org
HIGH 7.5

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact
† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth
  • 21 pypi packages depend on pillow (15 direct, 6 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 5.1.0.

DescriptionCVE.org

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.1.0 until 12.3.0, PdfParser.PdfStream.decode() in PIL/PdfParser.py calls zlib.decompress() with bufsize set to the PDF stream Length field without bounding the decompressed output size, allowing a crafted FlateDecode PDF stream to exhaust memory from a small file. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0.

Articles & Coverage 1

News 14 New Python Vulnerabilities - 14 High Severity, 1 With POC Jul 15, 2026

AnalysisAI

Uncontrolled memory consumption in Python Pillow (PIL) versions 5.1.0 through 12.2.x allows a remote attacker to cause denial of service by supplying a small crafted PDF whose FlateDecode stream declares a large Length; PdfParser.PdfStream.decode() passes this attacker-controlled Length straight to zlib.decompress() as the bufsize with no upper bound, so a tiny file inflates into gigabytes of decompressed data and exhausts host memory. Fixed in 12.3.0 by streaming decompression with a bounded max_length. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and this CVE is not in CISA KEV, but the trigger is trivial to construct.

Technical ContextAI

The flaw lives in src/PIL/PdfParser.py, part of Pillow's PDF handling code path used when opening or parsing PDF documents. The vulnerable decode() method read the DL (Decoded Length) or Length field directly from the untrusted PDF dictionary and passed it as the bufsize argument to zlib.decompress(). Because bufsize is only an initial buffer hint and zlib will grow it as needed, and because the code never compared the actual output size against any safe ceiling, a FlateDecode (zlib/DEFLATE) compressed stream could expand at ratios far exceeding 1000:1 - a classic decompression bomb. This is the essence of CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption): a resource allocation driven by attacker-supplied size metadata with no bound. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:python-pillow:pillow:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* confirms the affected component is the python-pillow/pillow package itself across all sub-versions in range. The fix replaces the one-shot decompress with zlib.decompressobj().decompress(self.buf, max_length) defaulting to ImageFile.SAFEBLOCK, raising ValueError('Decompressed data too large') if unconsumed_tail remains.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: 12.3.0 - upgrade Pillow to 12.3.0 or later (pip install --upgrade 'Pillow>=12.3.0'), which bounds decompression via a max_length ceiling and rejects oversized streams with a ValueError. Where immediate upgrade is not possible, the primary compensating control is to stop passing untrusted PDFs into Pillow's PdfParser: gate PDF ingestion behind strict input-size and resource limits, run the parsing worker under a hard memory cgroup / ulimit (RLIMIT_AS) or in an isolated sandbox/subprocess so an OOM kills only the worker rather than the host, and enforce per-request timeouts. If PDF support is not required, disable or reject PDF inputs entirely at the application layer. These controls limit blast radius but do not fix the underlying unbounded allocation, so upgrading remains the correct fix. See the advisory GHSA-jjj6-mw9f-p565, fix PR https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9718, and commit https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/f7a31ea75e460e108c37126da1f47812f21f6b09.

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Moderate
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7 Fixed
openSUSE Tumbleweed Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS Affected

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CVE-2026-59200 vulnerability details – vuln.today
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