EUVD-2026-43753Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Untrusted PDF reaching a server-side parser needs no auth or interaction (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N/AC:L); impact is pure memory-exhaustion DoS so C:N/I:N/A:H, scope unchanged.
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.1.0 until 12.3.0, PdfParser.PdfStream.decode() in PIL/PdfParser.py calls zlib.decompress() with bufsize set to the PDF stream Length field without bounding the decompressed output size, allowing a crafted FlateDecode PDF stream to exhaust memory from a small file. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0.
Articles & Coverage 1
AnalysisAI
Uncontrolled memory consumption in Python Pillow (PIL) versions 5.1.0 through 12.2.x allows a remote attacker to cause denial of service by supplying a small crafted PDF whose FlateDecode stream declares a large Length; PdfParser.PdfStream.decode() passes this attacker-controlled Length straight to zlib.decompress() as the bufsize with no upper bound, so a tiny file inflates into gigabytes of decompressed data and exhausts host memory. Fixed in 12.3.0 by streaming decompression with a bounded max_length. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires that the target application actually parses attacker-controlled PDF data through Pillow's PdfParser (i.e., PDF handling is invoked on untrusted input) - the crafted FlateDecode stream must reach PdfStream.decode(). … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, 7.5 High) reflects a pure availability impact - no confidentiality or integrity loss - reachable without authentication or privileges and with low complexity. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker uploads a small (a few kilobytes) PDF containing a FlateDecode stream with a large declared Length to a web service that uses Pillow to render or thumbnail PDFs. When the server calls PdfStream.decode(), zlib inflates the stream into multiple gigabytes, exhausting RAM and causing the worker or host to crash or hang. … |
| Remediation | Vendor-released patch: 12.3.0 - upgrade Pillow to 12.3.0 or later (pip install --upgrade 'Pillow>=12.3.0'), which bounds decompression via a max_length ceiling and rejects oversized streams with a ValueError. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours: Identify all systems running Python Pillow by scanning dependency manifests (requirements.txt, setup.py, package-lock.json, Docker images) and categorize applications by criticality. …
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External POC / Exploit Code
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