EUVD-2026-41900Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Network-reachable unauthenticated font input (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N) causes memory-exhaustion DoS only, so A:H with C:N/I:N; AC:L as a single crafted font suffices.
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Lifecycle Timeline
2Blast Radius
ecosystem impact- 85,213 pypi packages depend on pillow (18,358 direct, 68,183 indirect)
Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 12.3.0.
DescriptionCVE.org
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 12.3.0, PIL/FontFile.py FontFile.compile() assembled per-glyph images into a combined bitmap with Image.new("1", (xsize, ysize)) without calling Image._decompression_bomb_check(), allowing a font to trigger excessive allocation during conversion or saving. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0.
Articles & Coverage 1
AnalysisAI
Uncontrolled memory allocation in Python Pillow before 12.3.0 allows a maliciously crafted font file to trigger excessive memory consumption and denial of service when its glyphs are compiled into a combined bitmap. FontFile.compile() builds the output image via Image.new("1", (xsize, ysize)) without invoking Pillow's decompression-bomb guard, so oversized glyph dimensions are allocated unchecked during conversion or saving. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires the target application to accept an attacker-controlled bitmap font file and pass it through Pillow's FontFile.compile() (the font-to-bitmap compilation path, e.g. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, 7.5) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated availability-only impact - consistent with a memory-exhaustion DoS rather than compromise of confidentiality or integrity. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker uploads a specially crafted bitmap font to a web service that uses Pillow to render or convert fonts; when the service calls FontFile.compile(), the oversized combined-bitmap dimensions trigger a huge Image.new allocation that exhausts memory and crashes the worker or host. Because the CVSS vector is AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, no authentication or user interaction is required beyond the target accepting the font input. … |
| Remediation | Vendor-released patch: upgrade to Pillow 12.3.0 or later (pip install --upgrade 'Pillow>=12.3.0'), which adds the missing Image._decompression_bomb_check() call in FontFile.compile(); see advisory GHSA-5x94-69rx-g8h2 and release notes for 12.3.0. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours: Inventory all systems using Python Pillow (check version via pip show Pillow) with focus on applications handling untrusted font inputs. …
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