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Apple iOS EUVDEUVD-2026-104719

| CVE-2026-86919 HIGH
Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)
2026-10-20 apple GHSA-h5xf-8gvq-cm89
8.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: apple
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Establish/abuse paired Bluetooth link in range
  2. Delivery
    Send crafted Bluetooth message
  3. Exploit
    Overflow fixed-size stack buffer in parser
  4. Execution
    Execute arbitrary code on device
  5. Impact
    Full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, availability

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the attacker control a Bluetooth device that is ALREADY PAIRED with the target (per Apple's description 'an attacker with a paired Bluetooth device'), and the attacker must be within Bluetooth radio range (CVSS AV:A, adjacent). No user interaction (UI:N) and no account-level privileges (PR:N) are needed once pairing exists, but the prior-pairing requirement is the primary limiting factor: an attacker cannot exploit a victim with whom no Bluetooth pairing has been established, which rules out purely remote/internet-based and untargeted mass exploitation (consistent with SSVC Automatable: no). Affected deployments are default configurations of iOS/iPadOS <26.7 and <27, macOS Sequoia <15.8, macOS Tahoe <26.7, macOS Golden Gate <27, and visionOS <27 with Bluetooth enabled.

Impact

Signals are consistent and point to a serious-but-constrained issue rather than an urgent mass-exploitation threat. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, base 8.8) reflects low-complexity, no-interaction code execution with full confidentiality/integrity/availability impact over an adjacent (Bluetooth) channel - SSVC agrees on Technical Impact: total. However, SSVC Exploitation is 'none' and the issue is NOT on CISA KEV, so there is no confirmed active exploitation and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is low at 0.19% (8th percentile), and SSVC Automatable: 'no' - the adjacency requirement plus the need for a paired Bluetooth device makes this non-wormable and unsuitable for untargeted mass scanning. The key tension: AV:A with PR:N scores as 'unauthenticated adjacent,' yet the description explicitly requires 'a paired Bluetooth device,' which is a meaningful real-world precondition not fully captured by PR:N - the attacker must already have an established Bluetooth pairing/proximity to the victim. Net: a genuinely high-impact RCE on an enormous install base, but low immediate exploitation likelihood; prioritize patching for high-value/mobile targets, but this is not a drop-everything internet-facing emergency.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker within Bluetooth range who controls a device already paired with the victim's iPhone, iPad, Mac, or Vision Pro sends a malicious Bluetooth protocol message that overflows a fixed-size stack buffer in the parsing code. With no user interaction required, the overflow corrupts stack memory and achieves arbitrary code execution on the target device. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the attack requires prior pairing and physical proximity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 20, 2026

A stack-based buffer overflow in Apple's Bluetooth stack lets an attacker who controls a Bluetooth device already paired with the target run arbitrary code on the device, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Affected are default Bluetooth-enabled configurations of iOS/iPadOS before 26.7 and 27, macOS Sequoia before 15.8, macOS Tahoe before 26.7, macOS Golden Gate before 27, and visionOS before 27; Apple fixed the flaw through improved input validation in iOS 26.7/27, iPadOS 26.7/27, macOS Sequoia 15.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7, macOS Golden Gate 27, and visionOS 27. Exploitation requires a pre-existing pairing and proximity within Bluetooth radio range (CVSS AV:A, PR:N, UI:N), which rules out untargeted internet-scale attacks; EPSS is 0.19% (8th percentile), CISA SSVC records Exploitation: none and Automatable: no, and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: update to iOS 26.7 or iOS 27 (iPadOS 26.7 or iPadOS 27), macOS Sequoia 15.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7, macOS Golden Gate 27, or visionOS 27 as applicable; Apple's per-platform advisories at https://support.apple.com/en-us/149034, https://support.apple.com/en-us/149035, https://support.apple.com/en-us/149038, https://support.apple.com/en-us/149041, https://support.apple.com/en-us/149042, and https://support.apple.com/en-us/149043 should be used to confirm the exact build for each device class. Where immediate upgrading is not possible, compensating controls must target the prior-pairing prerequisite: turn Bluetooth off on devices that do not need it (side effect: loss of Bluetooth accessories, AirDrop/Handoff, and Continuity features), and audit and remove pairings to untrusted or unknown peripherals via Settings > Bluetooth on iOS/iPadOS/visionOS and System Settings > Bluetooth on macOS (side effect: trusted accessories must be re-paired). Restrict Bluetooth adapter exposure on managed macOS fleets through MDM configuration profiles and physical-access controls, since the attacker must be within radio range with a paired device. Patching remains the only complete fix; monitoring should focus on unexpected Bluetooth pairing changes and crashes in Bluetooth-related processes, and no public exploit code was identified at time of analysis, with EPSS at 0.19% and CISA SSVC rating exploitation as none.

Affected VersionsENISA

macOS 0 <26.7
iOS and iPadOS 0 <26.7
macOS 0 <27
macOS 0 <15.8
visionOS 0 <27
iOS and iPadOS 0 <27

Affected Packages

euvd ios_and_ipados fix: 26.7, 27
euvd macos fix: 15.8, 26.7, 27
euvd visionos fix: 27

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause class is CWE-121, stack-based buffer overflow, arising in Apple's Bluetooth protocol handling where insufficient input validation allows attacker-supplied data to overrun a fixed-size stack buffer. Because the vulnerable code processes Bluetooth traffic from a device the system already trusts at the link layer, the classic Bluetooth pairing/authentication barrier is largely bypassed once a pairing exists: the assessed CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H describes an adjacent-network attacker with low attack complexity, no privileges, and no user interaction achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact within the unchanged vulnerable component. The CPE entries are wildcarded (cpe:2.3:a:apple:ios_and_ipados, cpe:2.3:a:apple:macos, cpe:2.3:a:apple:visionos), so exact affected builds must be derived from Apple's advisory text and EUVD version ranges (macOS 0 <26.7 and <27, macOS 0 <15.8, iOS/iPadOS 0 <26.7 and <27, visionOS 0 <27) rather than from CPE version fields. The exploitability profile is deliberately constrained: the attacker must supply or control a paired Bluetooth peripheral and be physically proximate, so the issue is dangerous for targeted attacks against known paired devices (for example a malicious accessory or a compromised paired phone) but is not automatable across the internet, consistent with SSVC Automatable: no.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (apple) PRIMARY 8.8 HIGH
AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Bluetooth adjacency gives AV:A; no interaction/account privileges needed (UI:N/PR:N) though prior pairing is a precondition; stack-overflow RCE yields full C:H/I:H/A:H with unchanged scope.

3.1 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (apple).

CVSS VectorVendor: apple

Attack Vector
Adjacent
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
Patch available
Oct 20, 2026 - 02:01 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 20, 2026 - 00:50 cve.org
HIGH 8.8
CVE Published
Oct 20, 2026 - 00:50 cve.org
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionCVE.org

A stack overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7 and iPadOS 26.7, iOS 27 and iPadOS 27, macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7, visionOS 27. An attacker with a paired Bluetooth device may be able to execute arbitrary code.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Apple's Bluetooth stack on iOS/iPadOS, macOS, and visionOS contains a high-severity flaw that could let a nearby paired Bluetooth device run code on affected endpoints, putting confidentiality, integrity, and availability at risk. The exposure spans default Bluetooth-enabled configurations across mobile and desktop Apple fleets, so leadership should care about managed devices used by executives and remote workers; exploitation requires a pre-existing pairing and proximity, and no public exploit has been identified.

Business Impact: Medium
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 92% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Apple iOS/iPadOS/macOS/visionOS span hundreds of millions of consumer devices
Social Media
2
Sightings
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Controlled
Automatable
No
Human Impact
Medium
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

44
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +44
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

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