Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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ReconCraft malicious PDF with malformed App object
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DeliveryDeliver via email, web download, or malicious page
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ExploitVictim opens document in PDF Architect
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InstallParser fails to validate App object data
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C2Out-of-bounds read of heap buffer
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ExecuteMemory corruption hijacks process execution
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ImpactArbitrary code runs as the logged-in user
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, read limits
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Collection The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the target to open a specially crafted PDF or visit a page that causes PDF Architect to parse attacker-controlled content - the CVSS vector's UI:R and AV:L encode exactly this delivery model (a local, file-driven attack reached through a user action), and no privileges or credentials are needed (PR:N). There is no indication that any server-side service, listening port, or remote API is involved, so an attacker cannot trigger this without the victim's interaction. Limiting factors: the flaw only affects the parsing path that handles App objects when such objects are present in the document, exploitation depends on the victim having an affected PDF Architect build installed and registered as the handler for the delivered file, and the practical exploit effort is higher while no public proof-of-concept exists. Version bounds are not confirmed by CPE, so defenders must confirm with pdfforge whether all releases prior to the fixed build are vulnerable. |
| Impact | The supplied CVSS 3.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, 7.8) and the description are in tension: ZDI's prose says 'remote attackers', but the vector is AV:L with UI:R, which is the standard encoding for a file-format bug where the attacker delivers a malicious document and the victim must open it. That distinction matters operationally - this is not a wormable, unauthenticated network service flaw, and no CISA KEV listing, public exploit code, or EPSS score was provided, so there is no confirmed evidence of active exploitation at time of analysis. The technical impact of the memory corruption remains severe (full confidentiality, integrity, and availability loss within the user's process context), so even a mid-sized municipal IT team in walbrzych should treat it as urgent once a patched build is available, but it should not be triaged as an internet-facing emergency. Key gap: EPSS and KEV data absent, and the AV:L versus 'remote' wording conflict should be resolved against the ZDI advisory before using this score for prioritization. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts a PDF containing a malformed App object whose embedded data is shorter than the parser expects, then delivers it via email attachment, web download, or a page that auto-loads the document. The victim opens the file in an affected PDF Architect release, the parser reads past the end of the allocated buffer, and the resulting memory corruption is leveraged to execute code with the privileges of the logged-in user - no authentication to any service is required, only the file open. Because no public proof-of-concept or exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, an attacker would currently need to develop the exploit independently, which raises the effort required but does not eliminate the risk to unpatched endpoints. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 15, 2026
An out-of-bounds read in the App object handling of pdfforge's PDF Architect allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process when a victim opens a crafted PDF or visits a malicious page. The flaw is a user-interaction-dependent memory-safety bug (CWE-125) driven by missing validation of user-supplied data, reported through the Zero Day Initiative as ZDI-CAN-28570. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing are present in the available intelligence, and EPSS data was not supplied, so the current risk is driven mainly by the 7.8 CVSS base score and the file-parsing attack surface rather than by observed in-the-wild activity.
RemediationAI
There is no vendor-released patch version identifiable from the supplied data - the only reference is the ZDI advisory ZDI-26-611, so the first step is to consult that advisory and pdfforge's release notes for the fixed PDF Architect build and upgrade every endpoint to it; absent an exact version, treat 'Patch available per vendor advisory' as unverified until pdfforge confirms it. In the interim, concrete compensating controls are: block PDF Architect from being the default handler for untrusted PDFs and route externally sourced documents through an alternative hardened viewer or an isolated VM/container that is discarded after opening (side effect: workflow friction and loss of PDF Architect editing features for those documents), strip or flatten embedded application dictionaries and JavaScript from inbound PDFs at the mail gateway or proxy (side effect: legitimate interactive PDF forms may break), and rely on Windows Attack Surface Reduction, AppContainer sandboxing, or a low-privilege user account for anyone who routinely opens untrusted PDFs (side effect: reduced functionality and possible compatibility issues with plugins). Note that antivirus signatures are unlikely to be dependable for a bug of this class, and none of these controls removes the underlying parser flaw.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
PDF Architect is a Windows desktop PDF viewer/editor whose document parser instantiates internal 'App' objects when processing embedded application dictionaries and associated streams inside a PDF file. The reported defect is CWE-125, an out-of-bounds read: the parser fails to validate the length or structure of attacker-controlled data before dereferencing it, causing it to read past the end of an allocated heap buffer. While a pure over-read classically leaks memory, ZDI's advisory classifies the outcome as remote code execution because the corrupted read can be chained into control-flow or object-state manipulation within the process, echoing the pattern seen in many PDF and document-parser bugs (for example, malformed object streams and dictionary entries). The CPE entry cpe:2.3:a:pdfforge:pdf_architect:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* gives no version bounds, so the precise affected release range is not pinned by the supplied metadata and must be taken from the vendor/ZDI advisory ZDI-26-611.
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Severity by source
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
File-delivered parser bug requiring the victim to open a crafted PDF, so AV:L and UI:R with PR:N; full confidentiality, integrity and availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (zdi).
CVSS VectorVendor: zdi
DescriptionCVE.org
pdfforge PDF Architect App Object Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of pdfforge PDF Architect. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of App objects. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-28570.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
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EUVD-2026-79139
GHSA-98j8-7g3r-r3x4
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB