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Intel TDX MigTD CVE-2026-49036

MEDIUM
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
2026-11-10 intel
5.7
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: intel
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain privileged Ring-0/hypervisor access
  2. Delivery
    Target MigTD shared memory region
  3. Exploit
    Race the check-to-use TOCTOU window
  4. Execution
    Corrupt validated shared data
  5. Impact
    Denial of service / integrity loss in MigTD

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture TOCTOU prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the attacker to already be privileged system software - a hypervisor or Ring-0 operator (PR:H) - with LOCAL access to the host running the Intel TDX Migration TD (AV:L); there is no remote or network path and no user interaction (UI:N). The specific prerequisite is the MigTD shared-memory interface being in use (i.e. a TDX live-migration deployment relying on MigTD), and the attacker must win the time-of-check-to-time-of-use race window (AT:P, attack requirements present) to corrupt the shared data between validation and use. Limiting factors: the attacker must hold privileged local control of the untrusted host, the flaw yields no confidentiality disclosure and does not propagate to subsequent systems (SC/SI/SA:N), and it is only relevant where MigTD is actually deployed to mediate TD migration against an untrusted hypervisor.

Impact

This is a genuine but moderate-priority issue rather than a critical emergency. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N, base 5.7) establishes that exploitation requires LOCAL access, an already-PRIVILEGED actor (PR:H), and the presence of specific attack requirements (AT:P) - the input explicitly describes a 'System software adversary with a privileged user,' i.e. a malicious or compromised hypervisor/Ring-0 operator. Impact is scoped to integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable MigTD with NO confidentiality impact and NO subsequent-system impact (SC/SI/SA:N), so this does not break out of the migration domain into tenant secrets. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no PoC reference are present in the supplied data, so there is no signal of active or probable exploitation - consistent with the vuln.today decision label of 'this_month' (attend to it in the normal patch cycle, not as an emergency). The one tension worth noting: the attacker is already a privileged Ring-0/hypervisor-level adversary, which in a confidential-computing threat model is exactly the party TDX is designed to defend against, so the real-world severity depends heavily on whether the deployment relies on MigTD to protect live TD migration against an untrusted host. EPSS and PoC status are MISSING rather than confirmed-negative.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A malicious or compromised hypervisor (Ring-0 system software) with privileged access targets the shared-memory region used by the Intel TDX Migration TD, and races its own access against MigTD's check-then-use sequence (a TOCTOU window) to alter the shared data between validation and consumption. Winning this race corrupts MigTD state, degrading or denying the migration service and undermining the integrity of the migration process. No public exploit code is identified in the supplied data; exploitation requires the attacker to already hold privileged local control of the host.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet

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AnalysisAIv1 – Nov 10, 2026

A time-of-check-to-time-of-use race in the Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) shared-memory interface lets privileged system software on the host - a hypervisor or Ring-0 operator - corrupt data after MigTD validates it but before it is used, producing a denial of service and integrity loss within the migration trust domain. The flaw is local-only and has no remote path, requires the attacker to already hold high privileges (PR:H) and to win a narrow race window (AT:P), and is relevant only where MigTD is actually deployed to mediate TDX live migration against an untrusted hypervisor; confidentiality is not affected. Intel rates the issue at CVSS 4.0 base 5.7, an independent assessment lands at CVSS 3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U with high integrity and availability impact, and the current priority is to schedule remediation this month; no public exploit code or in-the-wild activity was identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch version is specified in the available data; the authoritative source is Intel security advisory INTEL-SA-01580 (https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01580.html), which should be checked for the fixed MigTD build and update instructions, and the current priority classification is to complete remediation this month rather than under emergency handling. Where a fixed MigTD build cannot yet be applied, the most direct compensating control is to stop using MigTD-mediated live migration of TDX trust domains to hosts that are not fully trusted - effectively disabling TDX live migration in that environment - with the clear trade-off of losing migration capability and the operational flexibility it provides. A second control is to harden and tightly restrict who can obtain hypervisor or Ring-0 control of the host, since the attack is local and requires privileged system software (PR:H) on the machine running MigTD; this reduces the population of potential attackers but does not remove the race condition itself and cannot defend against a compromised hypervisor. Treating any hypervisor used for migration as untrusted and limiting migration to peers that meet the same trust level narrows exposure at the cost of constraining cross-host placement. Because the assessed impact is limited to integrity and availability of the migrating TD with no confidentiality or downstream-system effect, prioritisation should reflect the moderate severity (CVSS 4.0 base 5.7; assessed CVSS 3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N with high integrity and availability impact) while still being scheduled within the current month.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Intel TDX (Trust Domain Extensions) protects confidential virtual machines by isolating them from the hypervisor, and live migration of those TDs requires a component that can be trusted while the host cannot: the Migration Trust Domain, MigTD, which executes in its own TD and mediates the migration handshake with the untrusted hypervisor. Because MigTD must exchange state with the hypervisor it does not fully trust, that interaction uses a shared-memory region, and the flaw is a classic CWE-367 time-of-check time-of-use condition - the hypervisor controls one side of that buffer and can alter its contents after MigTD has performed a validation step but before MigTD consumes the same data. The result is not a confidentiality break: the assessed vector sets VC:N and SC/SI/SA:N, while VI:H and VA:H capture the corruption of migration state and the resulting denial of service on the TD being migrated, which Intel describes as a denial-of-service condition within Ring 0. The CPE entry identifies the affected component as Intel(R) TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD); the supplied data does not state the precise internal validation routine, the exact shared-memory structure involved, or the timing window, so the trigger beyond the shared-memory race itself is not described in the available sources.

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Severity by source

Vendor (intel) PRIMARY 5.7 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 5.7 MEDIUM

Local privileged system-software attacker (AV:L/PR:H); AC:H because success depends on winning a TOCTOU race window; no confidentiality impact (C:N), high integrity/availability, scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (intel).

CVSS VectorVendor: intel

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Time-of-check time-of-use race condition in the MigTD shared memory for the Intel(R) TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Prevalence
Low
niche confidential-computing migration component on recent Intel TDX-capable server CPUs
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS N/A
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

28
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:n/a:intel(r)_tdx_migration_trust_domain_(migtd):*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2026-61887 CRITICAL
9.4 Nov 10

Missing authentication in the Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) SPDM rebind path allows an unauthenticated attack

CVE-2026-44685 CRITICAL
9.3 Nov 10

Authentication bypass in the Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) rebinding protocol allows a privileged local adver

CVE-2026-61473 CRITICAL
9.2 Nov 10

Capture-replay authentication bypass in Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) lets a local, highly privileged system-

CVE-2026-57892 HIGH
8.8 Nov 10

Insufficient access-control granularity in the MigTD v2 policy evaluation engine within Intel TDX's Migration Trust Doma

CVE-2026-57890 HIGH
8.7 Nov 10

Information disclosure in Intel's TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) lets a network-reachable adversary read data that s

CVE-2026-62929 HIGH
8.4 Nov 10

Privilege escalation and information disclosure in Intel TDX MigTD stem from an expired-pointer dereference in the virti

CVE-2026-60142 HIGH
8.4 Nov 10

Write-what-where in the Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) lets a privileged local adversary who already holds Rin

CVE-2026-60138 HIGH
8.4 Nov 10

Privilege escalation in Intel TDX's Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) allows an adversary who already controls the Ring 0 h

CVE-2026-56432 HIGH
8.2 Nov 10

Privilege escalation in the Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) signing path allows a privileged local system-softw

CVE-2026-55709 MEDIUM
6.9 Nov 10

A denial-of-service condition exists in Intel's TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD), where the GetQuote routine contains

CVE-2026-61467 MEDIUM
6.8 Nov 10

Use-after-free in the MigTD virtio driver, a Ring 0 component of the Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain used during trust-

CVE-2026-61377 MEDIUM
6.8 Nov 10

Local information disclosure in Intel MigTD, the Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain component operating in the Ring 0/hype

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