Denial of service in Snipe-IT before 8.7.1 allows authenticated users to exhaust PHP worker CPU by submitting arbitrarily large values in the note field of the POST /account/accept/{acceptance} endpoint. The unbounded input is passed directly to synchronous CommonMark markdown rendering during acceptance notification email generation, consuming worker CPU proportional to input size on every request. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the attack is straightforward for any authenticated user and requires no special privileges beyond a valid account.
Persistent denial-of-service in MongoDB Server allows any authenticated user with write privileges to trigger a fatal assertion crash via specially crafted retryable write commands, with the crash state durably written to disk so it survives server restarts. Affected releases span MongoDB 7.0.x through 7.0.40, 8.0.x through 8.0.29, and 8.3.x through 8.3.8; in sharded clusters the corrupted state can propagate across shard nodes, requiring manual DBA intervention to restore service. No public exploit has been identified and the vulnerability is not in CISA KEV, but the persistent, cluster-wide availability impact significantly elevates real-world risk beyond a transient service crash.
Persistent denial-of-service in MongoDB Server (versions 7.0.x, 8.0.x, and 8.3.x) allows an authenticated user with collection creation privileges to corrupt durable storage metadata by supplying invalid storage configuration options that bypass validation in the storage engine integration layer. The malformed values are written to disk and trigger a fatal CWE-617 assertion failure when subsequent diagnostic operations attempt to read them back, crashing the server process. Because the corrupted metadata survives server restarts and is replicated to all replica set members via the oplog, a single attack can produce a cluster-wide outage requiring manual DBA intervention at the filesystem level on every affected node. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.
Authenticated users holding readWrite privileges in MongoDB Server 7.0.x, 8.0.x, and 8.3.x can remotely crash the mongod server process by inserting a crafted BSON document. The vulnerability resides in the JSON Schema validation error generation path, which performs an unsafe numeric conversion on user-controlled BSON array field names without exception handling (CWE-248), causing an uncaught exception that terminates the server. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though the attack path is explicitly described in the upstream advisory, lowering the bar for independent reproduction.
MongoDB Server 8.3.x exposes a type confusion (CWE-843) in its WiredTiger storage engine layer, allowing any authenticated user with readWrite privileges to crash the mongod process and keep it in a crash-loop. By creating a collection with a crafted, incompatible WiredTiger storage configuration option, the attacker causes the storage engine to misinterpret memory layout when subsequent reads are issued against that collection. Because the malicious collection configuration persists across server restarts, the denial-of-service condition is self-sustaining until an operator manually identifies and drops the offending collection. No public exploit or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Null pointer dereference in MongoDB Server 8.3.x crashes the mongod process when a specially crafted GeoJSON document is inserted into a collection with a 2dsphere index. An authenticated user with write access can trigger an inconsistency in geometry parsing that leaves an internal object in a partially initialized state; subsequent index key generation then dereferences a null pointer and terminates the server. The net effect is a targeted denial of service requiring only a valid database account with write privileges. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis.
MongoDB Server's JSON Pointer parser, invoked during $jsonSchema query filter processing, fails to enforce limits on iteration count or total allocation size, enabling authenticated remote attackers to cause significant memory amplification. Sending specially crafted find commands with malicious $jsonSchema filters - particularly under concurrent load - causes cumulative heap exhaustion that triggers MongoDB's out-of-memory handler, terminating the mongod process and denying service to all connected clients simultaneously. No public exploit or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis.
MongoDB Server 8.3.0-8.3.8 exposes an authorization bypass in the aggregation framework that allows a low-privilege authenticated user to read data from collections they are not authorized to access. The bypass is reachable only when Atlas Search features are active and works by manipulating an internal command parameter that the server failed to guard from external client input, causing a view-level security check to be skipped. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and exploitation requires an authenticated account.
Incorrect authorization in MongoDB Server's aggregation framework allows an authenticated low-privilege user to craft a specially formatted aggregation request that causes the authorization subsystem to evaluate a different operation than what the execution engine actually runs, resulting in unauthorized read access to collection data within the target database. Affected versions span MongoDB Server 7.0.0-7.0.40 and 8.0.0-8.0.29; vendor-released patches are available at 7.0.41 and 8.0.30 respectively. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though the low privilege requirement and network accessibility elevate the realistic threat in multi-tenant or role-segregated MongoDB deployments.
MongoDB Server's diagnostic reporting interface exposes cleartext credentials from in-flight administrative operations to any authenticated user holding monitoring-level privileges, creating a lateral-movement and privilege-escalation path via impersonation of higher-privileged accounts. Affected versions span the 7.0.x branch (before 7.0.41), 8.0.x branch (before 8.0.30), and 8.3.x branch (before 8.3.9). The server's log subsystem correctly redacts credential material, but an equivalent sanitization pass is absent from the diagnostic interface's serialization path, producing an inconsistent security boundary across two observability outputs for the same underlying data.
Credential exfiltration in n8n's OpenAI Chat Model node allows an authenticated workflow editor to redirect the model-search dropdown request - including the attached OpenAI API key - to an arbitrary attacker-controlled host by overriding `options.baseURL`. Affected versions span the v1 branch prior to 1.123.76 and the v2 branch prior to 2.37.7 and 2.38.2; the root cause is the omission of `assertOpenAiCredentialAllowsUrl` in `loadModels.ts`, the same domain-restriction guard applied elsewhere in the node. No active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; vendor-released patches are available across all three branches.
UEFI Secure Boot bypass in Cisco UCS Servers and UCS-based appliances allows authenticated users with 'user' or 'admin' role credentials - or unauthenticated attackers with physical device access - to disable Secure Boot protections and execute unauthorized software at boot time. The flaw stems from UEFI Shell memory-write commands remaining accessible while Secure Boot is active, enabling direct manipulation of Secure Boot validation variables in UEFI memory. A successful exploit undermines firmware integrity controls, potentially allowing persistent pre-OS implants or untrusted bootloaders on enterprise server infrastructure. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry has been identified at time of analysis.
Cross-site request forgery in AVideo's YPTWallet plugin enables unauthenticated attackers to set arbitrary wallet balances for any user by tricking an authenticated administrator into loading a malicious webpage. The vulnerable endpoint `plugin/YPTWallet/view/saveBalance.php` relies exclusively on session cookies for request authorization with no CSRF token validation, meaning a forged POST request is accepted as legitimate whenever an admin's browser submits it. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code has been identified, but the attack is trivially constructable from the public advisory.
Use-after-free (CWE-416) in the Windows TCP/IP networking stack enables an authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to a higher trust level via a network-based attack path. The vulnerability affects a broad surface - Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 - making the potential impact wide despite the elevated attack complexity (AC:H) and required user interaction (UI:R) constraints in the CVSS vector. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Use-after-free in the Windows TCP/IP driver allows a network-adjacent low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019-2025 installations. The CVSS:3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R) indicates exploitation requires high attack complexity and user interaction, consistent with a race-condition-triggered UAF in the kernel networking stack. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry has been identified at time of analysis, but the broad affected product surface and the Microsoft-origin report make this a priority for enterprise patch cycles.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics subsystem affects every supported Windows 10/11 release and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, allowing a low-privileged authenticated attacker who can induce user interaction with crafted content to achieve full kernel-level compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H). The network attack vector reflects delivery through browser rendering or document processing pipelines that invoke Win32K GDI syscalls, rather than direct remote exploitation. No public exploit code has been identified and the vulnerability does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows PrintWorkflowUserSvc affects a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Server editions through a use-after-free memory corruption condition reachable over a network. A low-privileged authenticated attacker can exploit the vulnerability under high-complexity conditions that require user interaction, ultimately achieving C:H/I:H/A:H impact at an elevated privilege level. Microsoft has released patches across all affected product lines; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free in the Windows HTTP.sys kernel-mode driver allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to gain full SYSTEM-level control over affected Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 hosts via a network attack path. The vulnerability (CWE-416) carries CVSS 7.1 with AC:H and UI:R, indicating a race-condition-dependent exploit requiring specific concurrent conditions rather than a simple reliable trigger. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released cumulative update patches for all affected builds.
Privilege escalation in Windows Hyper-V allows a network-adjacent low-privileged attacker to gain full system control (C:H/I:H/A:H) by exploiting a missing authorization check. The flaw, rooted in CWE-862 (Missing Authorization), requires the attacker to already hold a low-privilege account and to trigger user interaction, placing it at CVSS 7.1 with high complexity. Microsoft has released patches across the full range of affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Local denial of service in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver enables unprivileged attackers to crash the host operating system across every supported Windows release, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through Server 2025. A malformed VHD operation submitted by a local user with no elevated privileges triggers a null pointer dereference (CWE-476) in the kernel-mode driver, producing an unhandled exception that results in a Blue Screen of Death and complete system outage. Microsoft has released patches for all affected builds; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows Print Spooler Components affects virtually all supported Windows client and server releases, enabling an authenticated low-privileged attacker operating over the network to achieve full system compromise by winning a race condition on an improperly synchronized shared resource. The CVSS vector (AC:H/UI:R) reflects that exploitation is non-trivial - the attacker must both time the race window precisely and depend on victim interaction - making opportunistic mass exploitation unlikely compared to targeted attacks. Microsoft has released patches across all affected versions; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Windows Remote Desktop Client allows an authorized network attacker to fully compromise a victim's client machine by exploiting use of an uninitialized resource (CWE-908) during an RDP session with a malicious server. Every major Windows client and server release - Windows 10/11 in all currently-supported feature versions and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 including Server Core - is affected below specific cumulative update build thresholds. Microsoft has issued patches via the MSRC update guide; no public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Windows Remote Desktop Gateway Service enables an authorized network attacker to escalate privileges, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on affected Windows Server hosts. The vulnerability spans Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and specific Windows 10 builds, all addressed by patched builds released by Microsoft. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and CISA KEV listing is absent; however, RD Gateway is a frequently internet-exposed service, making prompt patching operationally significant.
Privilege escalation via double-free memory corruption in the Windows Registry subsystem allows a low-privileged, network-connected authenticated attacker - with required user interaction - to elevate to higher privilege levels, potentially achieving full system compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H). The vulnerability spans virtually every supported Windows release from Server 2012 R2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, representing an enormous aggregate attack surface. Microsoft has released patches via its standard update channel; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not currently listed in CISA KEV.
Use-after-free in the Windows Win32K kernel subsystem allows an authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to a higher level on affected Windows systems. Win32K is the kernel-mode graphics and windowing component; UAF memory corruption in this subsystem is a well-established privilege escalation class. The attack carries high complexity (AC:H) and requires user interaction (UI:R), and Microsoft has released patched builds across a wide range of Windows client and server versions. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Denial of service in Silicon Labs RS9116W/SiWx917 wireless modules running WiSeConnect 2.x allows an adjacent unauthenticated attacker to crash or disable the wireless stack by sending a crafted, unencrypted 'pause encryption request' management frame. The device incorrectly accepts and acts on this unauthenticated control message without verifying that it is protected by the session encryption, violating the expected security contract (CWE-440). This vulnerability was documented as finding B-E10 in a published academic research paper (arXiv:2409.02905), indicating it was discovered through systematic protocol-level analysis of Wi-Fi chipset behavior. No public exploit code or KEV listing is known at time of analysis.
Craft CMS 5.0.0-RC1 through 5.10.11 allows an authenticated control panel user with the `administrateUsers` permission - but without administrator status - to activate pending or deliberately deactivated administrator accounts via the `users/activate-user` action. The `actionActivateUser` method in `UsersController` correctly gates itself behind `administrateUsers` but omits the `requireAdmin()` call that the mirror `actionDeactivateUser` action uses when the target is an administrator, creating an asymmetric authorization implementation. When chained with a password-reset request on the newly activated admin account, a non-admin operator can achieve full administrator control of the CMS. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the issue is fixed in Craft CMS 5.10.12.
Authenticated streamers on AVideo through version 29.0 can harvest source stream keys and identity information belonging to all other active streamers by querying the restreamsActive.json.php endpoint, which applies no per-user ownership filtering. The exposed stream keys are live transmission credentials that can be used to impersonate affected streamers on third-party platforms such as YouTube Live or Twitch, enabling broadcast hijacking or session disruption. No active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at the time of analysis, and exploitation requires a valid streaming account on the same AVideo instance.
Missing authorization in AVideo's SocialMediaPublisher plugin allows any authenticated user to overwrite another account's OAuth token records via an IDOR flaw in the add.json.php endpoint. By supplying arbitrary database row IDs, an attacker can corrupt a victim's stored access_token and refresh_token, then delete the record to permanently destroy the victim's social media provider linkage. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; exploitation requires a valid AVideo account (PR:L).
Cross-site request forgery in WWBN AVideo through commit c3edcc274c allows unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate live streaming state by inducing administrative users to visit attacker-controlled pages. The affected endpoints - deleteHistory.json.php and finishAll.json.php - accept state-changing GET requests without CSRF token validation, meaning a simple embedded image or link is sufficient to trigger destructive operations. An attacker can silently erase all live transmission history or mark active streams as finished with only passive administrator interaction, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in PX4 Autopilot through 1.17.0 allows an adjacent unauthenticated attacker to corrupt flight-stack heap memory by issuing a single `load_mon stop` command over a MAVLink or PXH shell. The bug in `exit_and_cleanup()` frees the LoadMon object and its performance counter before `perf_end()` consumes it, producing a dangling-pointer dereference that corrupts heap objects and destabilizes the autopilot flight stack - in a UAV context, a plausible pathway to loss of vehicle control mid-flight. An upstream fix has been merged as PR #28544; no public exploit code is identified and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
The wpeddpcf_delete_feed AJAX handler in EDD Product Catalog Feed by PixelYourSite (WordPress plugin, all versions ≤1.0.2) omits a capability check, allowing any authenticated subscriber-level user to invoke the function and delete arbitrary entries from the WordPress options table. An attacker who deletes a critical option-such as active_plugins, siteurl, or the active theme-can render the entire WordPress installation non-functional, denying service to all legitimate users. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis; Wordfence reported and disclosed the vulnerability.
Missing authorization in the Unbounce Landing Pages WordPress plugin (≤1.1.4) allows authenticated low-privilege users to exploit incorrectly configured access control, resulting in high availability impact and limited integrity modification. The CVSS vector (PR:L, A:H, I:L) indicates that a logged-in WordPress user with minimal permissions can invoke plugin actions without proper capability checks - most likely disrupting or deleting landing page content. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.
DOM-based cross-site scripting in the Easy Appointments WordPress plugin (all versions through 4.0.2.1) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript in victim browsers by delivering a crafted URL. The CVSS scope-change metric (S:C) indicates injected scripts execute within the broader WordPress page context, enabling session hijacking, credential theft, or unauthorized actions on behalf of administrators or site visitors. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Unauthenticated Cross-Site Scripting in the Open User Map WordPress plugin (versions <= 1.4.50) allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript in the browser context of visiting users. The scope-changed CVSS vector (S:C) indicates the injected script executes outside the plugin's own trust boundary, enabling session hijacking, credential theft, or malicious redirects against authenticated site visitors. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but the unauthenticated nature and WordPress plugin attack surface make this a realistic target for opportunistic actors.
Unauthenticated reflected cross-site scripting in the JetFormBuilder WordPress plugin (Crocoblock) affects all versions through 3.6.5.1, allowing a remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript in a victim's browser session. The CVSS vector (PR:N/UI:R/S:C) confirms no authentication is needed to craft a malicious payload, but exploitation requires social engineering to lure a logged-in user into clicking a crafted URL. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, though the plugin's wide deployment in WordPress form-building workflows elevates the realistic exposure surface.
Cross-site scripting in Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) versions up to and including 2.0.17 allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts that execute in the browser context of site visitors or privileged WordPress users. The CVSS 7.1 rating reflects a scope change (S:C), meaning the injected payload escapes the plugin's own origin and can compromise administrator browser sessions. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel enables local code execution when a victim opens a specially crafted Excel file. Affected products span the full Office portfolio - Excel 2016, Office 2019, 2021, 2024 LTSC editions, and Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise on both Windows and Mac. An attacker who can convince a user to open a malicious workbook can achieve full C:H/I:H/A:H compromise of the victim's session. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds.
Direct storage-engine writes to arbitrary internal MongoDB tables are possible through an authorization bypass in the applyOps command affecting MongoDB Server 8.3.0 through 8.3.8. An authenticated user holding elevated internal MongoDB privileges can specify a client-inaccessible internal replication mode value, circumventing a disabled production feature gate and enabling container operations that are suppressed by default. Because the authorization check validates only the operation's namespace rather than the actual storage engine target, the attacker can route writes to unrelated internal metadata or other collections' data, potentially corrupting database state. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges on affected Windows systems. The vulnerability spans a wide range of Windows versions - Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019 through 2025 - making the exposed attack surface broad. No public exploit or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis, but the component is loaded on virtually all modern Windows systems that use cloud sync features.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver allows an authenticated low-privilege user to gain SYSTEM-level access across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions via an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the kernel-mode driver. The vulnerability spans over a dozen currently-supported Windows releases including Server 2019, 2022, and 2025. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified; Microsoft has released patches through its standard update channels.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free in the Windows Search Component affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. An authenticated local attacker exploiting this memory-safety flaw can achieve full control of the affected system, gaining high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patched cumulative updates addressing the issue.
Local privilege escalation to SYSTEM in the Windows Search Component (WSearch) affects virtually every supported Windows client and server platform from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all major release branches. The vulnerability stems from a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory corruption flaw that an attacker with a standard user account can trigger to execute code at elevated privilege. The high attack complexity (AC:H) in the CVSS vector indicates exploitation likely requires precise timing consistent with a race condition; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but a vendor patch is available.
Use-after-free in Windows Install Service permits local privilege escalation to SYSTEM on all actively supported Windows platforms. An authorized low-privilege local user can exploit a freed memory object in the service to corrupt heap structures and gain full control (C:H/I:H/A:H). The high attack complexity (AC:H) signals a race condition or specific timing requirement, tempering but not eliminating real-world risk; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows File History Service across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016/2019 allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to gain SYSTEM-level access by exploiting a use-after-free memory corruption flaw (CWE-416) in the service process. The CVSS 7.0 score reflects real exploitation difficulty - attack complexity is high, indicating dependence on heap layout conditions or race-condition timing typical of UAF bugs. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and a vendor-released patch is available from Microsoft.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel via a use-after-free memory corruption flaw allows an authenticated local attacker to elevate from low-privileged user to SYSTEM-level access. The vulnerability spans the entire current Windows ecosystem - from legacy Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making it broadly relevant to enterprise patch management. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected OS versions and the practical value of local EoP payloads in post-initial-access attack chains make timely patching essential.
Use-after-free in the Windows Human Interface Devices kernel subsystem allows a local, low-privileged user to escalate to SYSTEM-level control. Affecting virtually all current Windows desktop and server releases - Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2 through 26H1), Windows Server 2016 through 2025 - successful exploitation requires local session access and precise timing but yields full C:H/I:H/A:H kernel impact. No active exploitation has been confirmed (no CISA KEV listing) and no public proof-of-concept is known; Microsoft has released patches for all affected build branches.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Volume Manager Extension Driver allows a low-privileged authenticated user to gain full SYSTEM-level control via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The vulnerability spans an exceptionally wide range of Windows versions - from the legacy Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 1607 through the current Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making patching scope a significant operational challenge. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at the time of analysis, and the CVSS AC:H metric reflects meaningful exploitation complexity, but the vulnerability's kernel-mode scope and full C:H/I:H/A:H impact make it a high-value post-compromise tool.
Local privilege escalation in Windows NTFS allows a low-privileged attacker to gain full system control by abusing improper symbolic or hard link resolution during file access. Affects Windows 11 versions 23H2 through 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, with patches tied to specific build thresholds confirmed via EUVD data. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; CVSS AC:H reflects a race condition or precise sequencing requirement characteristic of link-following primitives, moderating immediate urgency.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free in the Windows DNS service affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions from 2012 R2 through 2025, allowing a locally authenticated low-privileged user to gain SYSTEM-level access. The CWE-416 flaw involves improper memory management in DNS handling routines where freed memory can be accessed and manipulated by an attacker with high-complexity exploitation - consistent with heap-grooming or race-condition prerequisites. Microsoft has released patches across all affected version lines; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.