Stack-based Buffer Overflow
A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.
How It Works
A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold. The stack stores local variables, function parameters, and critical control information including the return address that tells the CPU where to resume execution after a function completes. When an attacker overflows a buffer, they can overwrite adjacent memory, including this return address.
The classic exploitation path involves carefully crafting input to overwrite the return address with a pointer to attacker-controlled code. Historically, attackers would inject shellcode directly into the overflowed buffer, then redirect execution to it. Modern defenses like Data Execution Prevention (DEP/NX) mark the stack as non-executable, forcing attackers to use Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) instead—chaining together existing code snippets ("gadgets") to perform malicious operations without injecting new code.
Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) randomizes memory addresses to make exploitation harder, but attackers can defeat it through information disclosure vulnerabilities that leak memory addresses. Stack canaries—random values placed between buffers and control data—can detect overwrites, but may be bypassed through brute-force attacks or by carefully avoiding them in partial overwrites.
Impact
- Arbitrary code execution at the privilege level of the vulnerable process
- Complete system compromise if the vulnerable process runs with elevated privileges (root/SYSTEM)
- Memory corruption leading to crashes and denial of service
- Bypass of authentication mechanisms by redirecting execution flow around security checks
- Data theft or modification through code injection that accesses sensitive memory regions
Real-World Examples
The Morris Worm (1988) exploited a stack overflow in the Unix fingerd daemon, becoming one of the first major internet worms. The Code Red worm (2001) leveraged a stack overflow in Microsoft IIS (CVE-2001-0500) to compromise hundreds of thousands of web servers, demonstrating the massive scale of automated exploitation.
More recently, EternalBlue exploited stack corruption in Windows SMB (CVE-2017-0144), enabling the WannaCry and NotPetya ransomware outbreaks that caused billions in damage. The Heartbleed bug (CVE-2014-0160), while technically a heap-based read overflow, demonstrated how buffer handling errors remain prevalent even in security-critical software like OpenSSL.
Mitigation
- Stack canaries (compile with
-fstack-protector-allor equivalent) to detect overwrites before return - Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) to randomize memory locations
- DEP/NX bit enforcement to prevent code execution from stack memory
- Memory-safe string functions (use
strncpy,snprintf,strlcpyinstead ofstrcpy,sprintf,gets) - Compiler hardening flags (
-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2, control-flow integrity) - Input validation with strict bounds checking on all externally-supplied data
- Memory-safe languages (Rust, Go) for new development to eliminate the vulnerability class entirely
Recent CVEs (2489)
Stack Overflow and Tenda A21 1.0.0.0 are vulnerable to remote code execution through a stack-based buffer overflow in the device name configuration function, exploitable by authenticated attackers without user interaction. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, enabling attackers to achieve complete compromise of affected systems. No patch is currently available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 1.01.07 firmware allows remote authenticated attackers to achieve complete system compromise through crafted input to the IPv6 setup function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. An attacker with network access and valid credentials can execute arbitrary code with full system privileges.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware versions up to 1.01.07 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution through a malformed submit-url parameter in the WAN interface configuration handler. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. An attacker with network access and valid credentials can leverage this to gain complete system compromise.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware version 1.01.07 allows remote attackers with low privileges to achieve complete system compromise through manipulation of the submit-url parameter in the /boafrm/formIpQoS function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available, creating immediate risk for affected deployments.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware versions up to 1.01.07 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution by manipulating the submit-url parameter in the /boafrm/formDosCfg function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The attack requires low complexity with no user interaction, affecting device confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Remote code execution in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware through stack-based buffer overflow in the Advanced Firewall Configuration endpoint allows authenticated attackers to achieve complete system compromise. The vulnerability exists in the /boafrm/formFirewallAdv component where improper input validation on the submit-url parameter enables stack overflow attacks. Public exploit code is available and no patch has been released.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda A18 firmware versions up to 15.13.07.13 allows remote attackers with low privileges to achieve code execution through the wpapsk_crypto5g parameter in the /goform/WifiExtraSet endpoint. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The high CVSS score (8.8) reflects the combination of remote exploitability and complete system compromise potential.
Stack overflow in Tenda A18 firmware version 15.13.07.13 allows remote attackers with low privileges to achieve complete system compromise through a malformed deviceList parameter in the /goform/setBlackRule endpoint. Public exploit code is available and the vulnerability remains unpatched, creating significant risk for affected devices.
Remote code execution in Tenda A21 1.0.0.0 firmware via stack-based buffer overflow in the WiFi settings endpoint allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code with full system privileges. The vulnerability exists in the fast_setting_wifi_set function where unsanitized SSID parameter input can overflow the stack, and public exploit code is currently available. No patch has been released for this high-severity vulnerability affecting both the A21 firmware and Stack Overflow products.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda A21 firmware allows remote attackers with valid credentials to achieve complete system compromise through malicious input to the schedStartTime/schedEndTime parameters in the openSchedWifi function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. This affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability with high severity (CVSS 8.8).
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda A21 1.0.0.0 MAC filtering configuration allows remote authenticated attackers to achieve full system compromise through malicious devName/mac parameters. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, which remains unpatched. The flaw affects the set_device_name function in the /goform/setBlackRule endpoint with high exploitability due to network accessibility and low attack complexity.
Remote code execution in Tenda A21 1.0.0.0 firmware results from a stack buffer overflow in the SetIpMacBind function accessible via the /goform/SetIpMacBind endpoint, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code with high integrity and availability impact. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available, creating significant risk for affected devices.
Remote code execution in Tenda A21 firmware through a stack buffer overflow in the QoS bandwidth configuration endpoint allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code with full system privileges. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The flaw affects the set_qosMib_list function when processing unsanitized input, enabling network-based attacks from authenticated users or potentially lower-privileged roles.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware version 1.01.07 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise through the Port Forwarding Configuration endpoint. The vulnerability exists in the submit-url parameter processing and has public exploit code available. Affected devices are remotely exploitable by authenticated users with no user interaction required.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware 1.01.07 Filter Configuration endpoint allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve full system compromise through a malicious submit-url parameter. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The attack requires valid credentials but executes with no user interaction needed.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware's DDNS settings handler allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise through a malicious submit-url parameter. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The flaw affects firmware version 1.01.07 and can be exploited without user interaction.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware version 1.01.07 NTP configuration endpoint allows remote authenticated attackers to achieve complete system compromise through manipulation of the submit-url parameter. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The flaw carries a high severity rating with CVSS score of 8.8 due to potential for remote code execution with minimal attack complexity.
Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DWR-M960 firmware version 1.01.07 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve full system compromise through manipulation of the submit-url parameter in the System Log Configuration endpoint. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. An attacker with network access and valid credentials can trigger this flaw to execute arbitrary code with complete control over confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Unauthenticated stack-based buffer overflow in /cgi-bin/api.values.get HTTP API endpoint. EPSS 41.1% indicates very high exploitation probability. Patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in TOTOLIK A3002RU firmware versions up to V3.0.0-B20220304.1804 allows authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution through a malicious static_ipv6 parameter. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The high CVSS score of 8.8 reflects the complete compromise of system confidentiality, integrity, and availability for affected devices.
Stack overflow vulnerabilities in TOTOLIK A3002RU V2.1.1 router firmware allow authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution through malformed vpnUser or vpnPassword parameters. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available, leaving affected devices at risk of complete compromise.
Remote code execution in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 firmware through a stack-based buffer overflow in the nas.cgi User1Passwd parameter allows unauthenticated network attackers to achieve full system compromise. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available, leaving affected devices at immediate risk.
Stack buffer overflow in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 firmware up to version 130/260 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve code execution via a malformed firmware_url parameter to /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and the vendor has not provided a patch despite early notification. The high CVSS score (7.2) reflects the severity of unauthenticated remote code execution risk, though exploitation currently requires high-level privileges.
Stack buffer overflow in Tenda AC9 firmware versions up to 15.03.06.42_multi allows remote attackers to achieve code execution by manipulating scheduled reboot parameters without authentication. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The attack requires high privileges but succeeds over the network with minimal complexity.
Stack overflow in Tenda AC9 firmware versions up to 15.03.06.42_multi allows remote attackers with high privileges to achieve complete system compromise through manipulation of the security.ddos.map parameter. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, increasing exploitation risk. No patch is currently available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda RX3 firmware 16.03.13.11 allows remote attackers with low privileges to achieve complete system compromise through manipulation of QoS parameters. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The flaw affects the set_qosMib_list function in the /goform/formSetQosBand endpoint, enabling unauthorized code execution and data theft.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda RX3 firmware 16.03.13.11 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve full system compromise through improper argument handling in the SetIpMacBind function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. Affected organizations should implement network segmentation and access controls to restrict administrative functionality until remediation is possible.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda RX3 firmware 16.03.13.11 MAC filtering endpoint allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve code execution through crafted device name or MAC address parameters. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available. The flaw affects the /goform/setBlackRule component with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Remote code execution in Tenda RX3 firmware versions up to 16.03.13.11 via stack-based buffer overflow in the /goform/openSchedWifi endpoint allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code by manipulating the schedStartTime and schedEndTime parameters. Public exploit code exists and no patch is currently available. This vulnerability affects network devices and poses an immediate risk to deployed systems.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda RX3 firmware 16.03.13.11 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to achieve code execution by sending a malicious SSID value to the /goform/fast_setting_wifi_set endpoint. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available. An attacker can exploit this to gain complete system compromise with high integrity and availability impact.
IP-COM W30AP wireless access point up to firmware 1.0.0.11 has a buffer overflow that allows remote attackers to execute code or crash the device.
Autodesk 3ds Max is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution when processing maliciously crafted GIF files due to a stack-based buffer overflow (CVE-2026-0536, CVSS 7.8). Local attackers can exploit this vulnerability by tricking users into opening a malicious GIF file to execute code with the privileges of the 3ds Max process. No patch is currently available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Autodesk 3ds Max enables arbitrary code execution when the application parses a maliciously crafted GIF file, running attacker code in the context of the current user process. The flaw carries a CVSS 8.4 (High) rating due to local attack vector but full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis and a very low EPSS probability (0.01%) reflecting the file-open user-interaction model typical of DCC software.
Arbitrary code execution in iccDEV versions prior to 2.3.1.2 via stack-based buffer overflow in the icFixXml() function when parsing malformed ICC color profiles with crafted NamedColor2 tags. Local attackers with user interaction can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Public exploit code exists and a patch is available in version 2.3.1.2 and later.
ELECOM wireless LAN access point devices have a stack-based buffer overflow that allows remote attackers to execute code or crash the device via crafted packets.
Libsoup's multipart HTTP response parser contains a stack buffer overflow stemming from faulty length validation, enabling remote attackers to trigger memory corruption and potentially execute arbitrary code without authentication. Applications using libsoup to process untrusted server responses face crash or code execution risks. No patch is currently available.
Tenda AC21 firmware versions up to 16.03.08.16 contain a stack-based buffer overflow in the /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWan endpoint that can be exploited remotely by authenticated attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The high CVSS score (8.8) reflects the severity of this flaw affecting device confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Stack-based buffer overflow in GnuPG's tpm2daemon (versions before 2.5.17) allows a local attacker to corrupt the daemon's stack by sending a crafted PKDECRYPT command targeting TPM-backed RSA or ECC keys, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution in the daemon's context. The flaw affects GnuPG and the bundled Gpg4win distribution and has been patched by upstream and major Linux vendors (Red Hat, SUSE). Publicly available exploit code exists, though the EPSS score is negligible (0.01%) and it is not listed in CISA KEV (no public exploit identified as actively exploited in the wild).
Remote code execution and denial of service in GnuPG before 2.5.17 stem from a stack-based buffer overflow in gpg-agent when it processes a crafted CMS (S/MIME) EnvelopedData message containing an oversized wrapped session key during PKDECRYPT --kem=CMS handling. Any user or service decrypting attacker-supplied S/MIME mail with a vulnerable build can be crashed, and the memory corruption may be escalated to arbitrary code execution in the gpg-agent process that custodies private keys. Publicly available exploit code exists, but the issue is not in CISA KEV and EPSS is low (0.20%, 41st percentile), indicating no confirmed widespread exploitation yet.
Suricata versions 8.0.0 through 8.0.2 are susceptible to a stack overflow crash when processing network traffic with improperly configured body size limits. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger a denial of service by sending crafted requests that exceed the application's stack capacity. A patch is available in version 8.0.3, or administrators can apply the workaround of using default values for request-body-limit and response-body-limit configurations.
ASDA-Soft Stack-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
ALGO 8180 has a stack-based buffer overflow in SIP INVITE Alert-Info header processing, enabling remote code execution through the VoIP protocol.
ALGO 8180 has a stack-based buffer overflow in SIP INVITE Replaces header processing enabling remote code execution through crafted VoIP calls.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda AX1803 firmware version 1.0.0.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by manipulating guest network parameters in the /goform/WifiGuestSet function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. This affects devices running the vulnerable firmware with network-accessible management interfaces.
Local privilege escalation in Azure Connected Machine Agent exploits a stack-based buffer overflow, enabling authenticated users to gain elevated system privileges. The vulnerability affects Azure and Stack Overflow deployments and requires local access with valid credentials to exploit. No patch is currently available for this high-severity issue.
Libsoup's NTLM authentication handler crashes when processing exceptionally long passwords due to a signed integer overflow in memory allocation calculations, affecting GNOME and applications relying on this library for network operations. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger a denial-of-service condition by sending specially crafted authentication requests. No patch is currently available.
A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow the following: An authenticated, remote attacker with low. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and no vendor patch available.
Sysax Multi Server versions prior to 5.55 contains a stack-based buffer overflow in its SSH service. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 69.1%.
RabidHamster R4 v1.25 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability due to unsafe use of sprintf() when logging malformed HTTP requests. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 54.7%.
Lattice Semiconductor ispVM System v18.0.2 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in its handling of .xcf project files. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Simple Web Server 2.2 rc2 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in its handling of the Connection HTTP header. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 64.3%.
Photodex ProShow Producer version 5.0.3256 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of plugin load list files. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in ActFax Server version 4.32, specifically in the "Import Users from File" functionality of the client interface. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Foxit Reader Plugin version 2.2.1.530, bundled with Foxit Reader 5.4.4.11281, contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the npFoxitReaderPlugin.dll module. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 54.7%.
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in ActFax Server version 5.01. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 63.8%.
BlazeVideo HDTV Player Pro v6.6.0.3 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow due to improper handling of user-supplied input embedded in .plf playlist files. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 53.0%.
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in FreeFloat FTP Server version 1.0.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 70.6%.
Easy File Sharing HTTP Server version 7.2 contains a stack-based buffer overflow triggered by an oversized Email parameter in POST requests to /sendemail.ghp. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this for remote code execution on the Windows server.
Fortinet FortiCamera, FortiMail, FortiNDR, FortiRecorder, and FortiVoice contain a stack-based buffer overflow enabling unauthenticated remote code execution across multiple Fortinet products.
Active! mail 6 contains a stack-based buffer overflow allowing unauthenticated remote code execution and denial of service through crafted requests, exploited in attacks against Japanese organizations in April 2025.
Remote code execution in Ivanti Connect Secure (before 22.7R2.6), Ivanti Policy Secure (before 22.7R1.4), and Ivanti ZTA Gateways (before 22.8R2.2) lets a remote unauthenticated attacker overflow a stack buffer to run arbitrary code on the appliance. This flaw is confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV), with publicly available exploit code and reporting of a suspected China-nexus threat actor, and it carries an elevated EPSS of 53.66% (98th percentile), placing it among the highest-risk internet-facing edge-device vulnerabilities.
Ivanti Connect Secure, Policy Secure, and Neurons for ZTA contain a stack-based buffer overflow allowing unauthenticated remote code execution, the second major Ivanti VPN zero-day in twelve months.
A Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in SMA100 Apache httpd server's mod_cgi module environment variables allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to potentially execute code as a 'nobody'. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Multiple camera devices by UDP Technology, Geutebrück and other vendors are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow condition in the action parameter, which may allow an attacker to remotely. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Amcrest cameras and NVR are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow over port 37777. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Delta Industrial Automation COMMGR from Delta Electronics versions 1.08 and prior with accompanying PLC Simulators (DVPSimulator EH2, EH3, ES2, SE, SS2 and AHSIM_5x0, AHSIM_5x1) utilize a. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A Stack-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in Advantech WebAccess versions prior to V8.2_20170817. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 19.2%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.259 and 14.x and 15.x before 15.0.0.246 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.425 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and no vendor patch available.
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in Advantech WebAccess before 7.2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string in the (1) ProjectName, (2) SetParameter, (3) NodeName, (4). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 40.2%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in BKESimmgr.exe in the Expanded Test Functions package in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 1000, CENTUM CS 3000 Entry Class R3.09.50 and earlier, CENTUM VP R5.03.00 and earlier, CENTUM. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 39.8%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in BKBCopyD.exe in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 3000 R3.09.50 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TCP packet. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in BKHOdeq.exe in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 3000 R3.09.50 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TCP packet. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
radvd (Router Advertisement Daemon) on Alpine Linux was patched in package version 2.21-r0 to address an unspecified vulnerability tracked as CVE-2026-48715. The nature of the flaw - its root cause, exploitability, and potential impact - is not disclosed in the available intelligence. radvd handles IPv6 router advertisements and neighbor discovery, meaning vulnerabilities in this component can affect IPv6 network routing, neighbor discovery, or host configuration. No active exploitation, CVSS score, or proof-of-concept code has been identified at time of analysis.
GStreamer gst-plugins-good on Alpine Linux received a security fix packaged as version 1.26.3-r0 in the Alpine repository. The underlying vulnerability details, affected functionality, and impact class are not disclosed in the available intelligence - only the vendor-reported fix version is confirmed. Security teams running Alpine Linux with gst-plugins-good should treat this as an uncharacterized security fix requiring urgent upgrade pending fuller disclosure.
Rendering a crafted Lottie vector animation with Samsung's open-source rLottie library can overflow a fixed-size stack buffer during run-length-encoding of render spans, corrupting memory in the host application. The flaw affects rLottie builds at revision 480a2ad0c5d2e45458c545b8213279e9e8b71e39 and is rated only 4.4 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L) because an attacker must induce the victim application to render a malicious animation; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV. An upstream fix exists in Samsung/rlottie pull request 607, which increases the span array capacity and adds explicit bounds checks.
Stack exhaustion via unbounded recursion in GPAC's scenegraph node activation routine allows a local attacker to crash the application or corrupt memory when a malicious or malformed multimedia scene file is opened. Affected versions up to commit f1219cde lack a recursion depth guard in gf_node_activate_ex and gf_node_deactivate_ex, enabling crafted cyclic or deeply nested VRML/X3D/XMT scene graphs to exhaust the call stack. A publicly available proof-of-concept (poc_17_nstatx.zip) exists; however, no active exploitation has been confirmed and impact is limited to low integrity and availability consequences on the local system.
Stack-based buffer overflow in MikroTik RouterOS's mtget binary TFTP RRQ builder allows any authenticated user, including those with only read-only group membership, to crash the mtget worker process by issuing a /tool fetch command with a crafted tftp:// URL path of 507 bytes or more. The overflow involves an unbounded rep movsb instruction that overwrites saved registers at a deterministic stack offset, causing a reproducible process crash without requiring network connectivity to an actual TFTP server. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and vendor patches are available in RouterOS 7.23.4 (long-term) and 7.24.2 (stable).
Stack-based buffer overflow in Contec Remote I/O Coupler Unit (Server Type) CPSN-MCB271-* allows an authenticated remote attacker to trigger a denial-of-service condition by sending a specially crafted network request. The overflow (CWE-121) corrupts stack memory, crashing the device firmware without evidence of code execution capability. No public exploit or KEV listing exists; JPCERT/CC published the advisory coordinated with Contec.
Stack-based buffer overflow in GeoVision GV-LPC2211 firmware V1.13 allows an authenticated administrator to crash the ONVIF worker process by submitting a SetUser SOAP request containing an excessive number of User XML elements, overwriting stack control state. Impact is limited to denial of service of the camera's ONVIF management interface, with no confidentiality or integrity compromise confirmed. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the GeoVision GV-LPC2011/LPC2211 V1.13 ONVIF CreateUsers handler allows an authenticated administrator to crash the ONVIF worker process by submitting a crafted SOAP request containing repeated User XML elements. The vulnerability overwrites stack control state, resulting in a denial-of-service condition limited to the ONVIF subsystem. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS vector (PR:H, A:H only) constrains real-world impact to availability loss by credentialed administrators.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 ONVIF service allows an authenticated administrator to crash the ONVIF worker by submitting a DeleteUsers SOAP request containing an unbounded number of Username elements. The overflow exhausts the stack array allocated for the username list, terminating the ONVIF worker process. Impact is limited to availability - the CVSS vector confirms no confidentiality or integrity compromise (C:N/I:N/A:H). No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the ONVIF SetUser password handler of GeoVision GV-LPC2211 firmware V1.13 allows an authenticated administrator to crash the ONVIF worker process by supplying an excessively long password string. The sole confirmed impact is availability loss to the ONVIF service - no confidentiality or integrity impact is present per the CVSS vector (C:N/I:N/A:H). No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Authenticated administrator-triggered stack buffer overflow in the GeoVision GV-LPC2211/LPC2011 V1.13 ONVIF service causes a crash of the ONVIF worker process. When an admin-authenticated user submits an oversized username or password value through the ONVIF CreateUsers operation, the device copies the value into a fixed-size stack buffer without bounds checking, resulting in a denial-of-service condition limited to the ONVIF subsystem. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
Stack buffer overflow in GeoVision GV-LPC2211 firmware V1.13 allows any authenticated, low-privilege user to remotely crash the SSVR service by sending crafted fragmented SSVR protocol data. Both the GV-LPC2011 and GV-LPC2211 models share the affected codebase per CPE data. Impact is limited to availability loss - no code execution or data disclosure has been demonstrated, and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Samsung's PROCA (Process Authenticator) TrustZone trustlet allows a local privileged attacker to write out-of-bounds memory, resulting in high-confidentiality impact against affected Samsung Mobile Devices running Android 14 through 17. The flaw is patched in SMR Sep-2026 Release 1. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; the CVSS 4.0 score of 5.6 reflects the significant exploitation barriers - local access, high privileges, high complexity, and specific prerequisite conditions all required simultaneously.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the NETGEAR RAX series router management UI (RAX30, RAX35, RAX38, RAX40, RAXE300) enables an adjacent-network attacker holding valid WiFi credentials to crash the web management interface. The vendor explicitly bounds the impact to management UI unavailability - core router services including the WiFi network and routing plane continue operating normally with no confidentiality or integrity exposure. CVSS 3.5 reflects this constrained scope; no public exploit code exists and no active exploitation has been identified.
Stack-based buffer overflow in vgmstream up to r2117 allows a remote attacker to crash or potentially execute arbitrary code by delivering a specially crafted TXTH or TXTP audio metadata file to a user. The root cause is an unbounded sscanf invocation in src/meta/txth.c that writes attacker-controlled content from a text metadata file into a fixed-size stack buffer without field-width constraints (CWE-121). Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub issue #1972), and an upstream patch commit is available (4669d37a6af94866f6f0628678f9f90d46954e8b via PR #1956), though no formally tagged patched release has been independently confirmed.
Stack exhaustion in java-json-tools json-patch ≤1.13 enables remote unauthenticated denial of service by submitting a crafted deeply-nested JSON Merge Patch document to any application endpoint that invokes JsonMergePatch.fromJson. The vulnerability triggers an uncontrolled recursive deserialization path in JsonMergePatchDeserializer.java, causing JVM thread stack exhaustion. The CVSS 4.0 vector (VC:N/VI:N/VA:L) confirms the impact is limited to availability; no confidentiality or integrity impact has been identified. A public exploit/proof-of-concept exists in the GitHub issue tracker, and no patched release version has been independently confirmed.
Local privilege escalation in MediaTek's Power HAL component allows a process operating with System-level privileges to escalate further - potentially to root or kernel - via a stack-based out-of-bounds write caused by a missing bounds check. The vulnerability affects approximately 40 distinct MediaTek SoC models spanning multiple Android device generations. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and SSVC assessment indicates exploitation is currently none, though technical impact is rated total given full C/I/A compromise post-exploitation.
Stack buffer overflow in PJSIP's (pjproject) telnet CLI front-end allows unauthenticated network attackers to crash applications that have explicitly enabled the telnet administration interface. The functions send_err_arg() and send_ambi_arg() in cli_telnet.c wrote an attacker-influenced number of bytes into a fixed 256-byte stack buffer without bounds checking, with the error-position offset derived directly from parsed command input. The vulnerability is limited to application termination (DoS); no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the upstream fix is available as commit 4472a31.