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Ios Xe CVE-2025-20352

HIGH
Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)
2025-09-24 psirt@cisco.com
7.7
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: cisco
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Stack buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

CVSS score of 7.7 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required. CISA has confirmed active exploitation in the wild. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.99%.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: Active threat signals + CRITICAL/HIGH severity.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) No patch listed yet 2.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow the following: An authenticated, remote attacker with low. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and no vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-121. A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow the following: An authenticated, remote attacker with low privileges could cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device that is running Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software. To cause the DoS, the attacker must have the SNMPv2c or earlier read-only community string or valid SNMPv3 user credentials. An authenticated, remote attacker with high privileges could execute code as the root user on an affected device that is running Cisco IOS XE Software. To execute code as the root user, the attacker must have the SNMPv1 or v2c read-only community string or valid SNMPv3 user credentials and administrative or privilege 15 credentials on the affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted SNMP packet to an affected device over IPv4 or IPv6 networks. This vulnerability is due to a stack overflow condition in the SNMP subsystem of the affected software. A successful exploit could allow a low-privileged attacker to cause the affected system to reload, resulting in a DoS condition, or allow a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user and obtain full control of the affected system. Note: This vulnerability affects all versions of SNMP. Affected products include: Cisco Ios Xe Sd-Wan, Cisco Ios Xe, Cisco Ios.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (cisco) PRIMARY 7.7 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from Vendor (cisco) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: cisco

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Added to CISA KEV
Oct 28, 2025 - 13:58 cisa
CISA KEV
CVE Published
Sep 24, 2025 - 18:15 nvd
HIGH 7.7

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow the following: An authenticated, remote attacker with low privileges could cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device that is running Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software. To cause the DoS, the attacker must have the SNMPv2c or earlier read-only community string or valid SNMPv3 user credentials. An authenticated, remote attacker with high privileges could execute code as the root user on an affected device that is running Cisco IOS XE Software. To execute code as the root user, the attacker must have the SNMPv1 or v2c read-only community string or valid SNMPv3 user credentials and administrative or privilege 15 credentials on the affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted SNMP packet to an affected device over IPv4 or IPv6 networks. This vulnerability is due to a stack overflow condition in the SNMP subsystem of the affected software. A successful exploit could allow a low-privileged attacker to cause the affected system to reload, resulting in a DoS condition, or allow a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user and obtain full control of the affected system. Note: This vulnerability affects all versions of SNMP.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-20352 presents notable security risk, a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability rated CVSS 7.7. Exploitation could allow attackers to corrupt memory, crash the application, or potentially execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild (KEV-listed) and requires immediate remediation. Immediate patching is required per CISA KEV mandate.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Enable ASLR and DEP where available; (2) Implement network segmentation; (3) Monitor for exploitation indicators.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
2.0%
Top 16% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV Yes
Public POC No
EPSS 2.0%
Patch available No
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
Active threat signals + CRITICAL/HIGH severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Immediate
Exploitation· derived
Active
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

90
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: +50
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.9.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.3a:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.3b:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.10.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.11.1a:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.12.1b:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.12.1d:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.12.1e:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.12.2r:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.12.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe_sd-wan:16.12.4a:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 1076 more

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