What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-0791?

CVE-2026-0791 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.5%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2026-0791?

Within 24 hours: Inventory all ALGO 8180 devices and isolate them to a dedicated VLAN with restricted SIP access. Within 7 days: Implement network-based mitigations (WAF/IPS rules blocking malformed SIP Replaces headers, disable SIP INVITE processing if operationally feasible). Within 30 days: Contact ALGO for patch availability, evaluate device replacement options, and establish temporary alternative alerting mechanisms if risk cannot be adequately mitigated.

8180 Ip Audio Alerter Firmware CVE-2026-0791

CRITICAL

Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)

2026-01-23 zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com

RCE Buffer Overflow Golang Stack Overflow 8180 Ip Audio Alerter Firmware Algosolutions

9.8

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

Access

Send SIP INVITE with oversized Replaces header
Exploit

Overflow stack buffer in header parser
Execution

Overwrite return pointer
Impact

Execute arbitrary code on device

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-121 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Stack buffer bounds checking MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Exploitation Conditions	No special conditions — remote unauthenticated exploitation against ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter devices with SIP service enabled on default configurations.
Impact	CVSS 9.8, EPSS 0.52%. SIP is the standard VoIP protocol — these alerters are reachable by any SIP endpoint on the network.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	An attacker sends a crafted SIP INVITE with an oversized Replaces header to the ALGO 8180, overflowing the stack buffer and executing shellcode on the device.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.

No patch listed yet 0.5% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

ALGO 8180 has a stack-based buffer overflow in SIP INVITE Replaces header processing enabling remote code execution through crafted VoIP calls.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:54 CVSS 9.8

SIP INVITE stack overflow in ALGO 8180 enables RCE via crafted VoIP calls.

RemediationAI

Update firmware. Filter SIP traffic through a Session Border Controller (SBC).

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The SIP INVITE handler in ALGO 8180 has a CWE-121 stack-based buffer overflow when processing the Replaces header, allowing remote attackers to overflow the stack and redirect execution.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

DescriptionCVE.org

ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter SIP INVITE Replaces Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter devices. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the handling of the Replaces header of SIP INVITE requests. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-28300.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) affects ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter devices with no available patch. Attackers can compromise these devices without credentials by sending malicious SIP requests, potentially gaining control of physical security and emergency communication systems across your organization.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Implement network segmentation restricting SIP traffic to authorized sources only; deploy SIP-aware WAF/IPS rules to detect and block malformed Replaces headers; disable SIP INVITE functionality if business requirements permit; monitor SIP traffic for exploitation attempts; consider disabling remote access to affected devices until patch is available.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.5%

Top 33% exploitable

Data Quality

3 sources

Confidence: Low

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.5%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: +1

CVSS: +49

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Stack-based Buffer Overflow HIGH

A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.