Server-Side Request Forgery
Server-Side Request Forgery exploits applications that fetch remote resources based on user-supplied URLs.
How It Works
Server-Side Request Forgery exploits applications that fetch remote resources based on user-supplied URLs. When a web server accepts a URL parameter to retrieve external content—for example, to proxy images, validate webhooks, or import data—an attacker can manipulate that parameter to make the server send requests to unintended destinations. The critical issue is that these requests originate from the server itself, bypassing firewalls and network controls that would block direct external access.
Attacks come in several forms. Direct SSRF gives the attacker full control over the destination URL, allowing them to target internal services like http://localhost:8080/admin or cloud metadata endpoints at http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/. Blind SSRF occurs when the application makes the request but doesn't return the response to the attacker—they must rely on timing differences or out-of-band techniques to confirm success. Partial SSRF restricts the attacker to modifying only part of the URL, such as the hostname or path, requiring more creative exploitation.
The typical attack flow starts with identifying URL parameters that trigger server-side requests. The attacker then probes for internal services by injecting internal IP addresses or localhost references. Common targets include administrative interfaces, internal REST APIs, Redis or Memcached instances, and especially cloud metadata services that expose IAM credentials. Attackers often employ bypass techniques like encoding IPs in decimal format (2130706433 for 127.0.0.1), exploiting URL parser discrepancies between validation and execution layers, or chaining with open redirects to evade basic filters.
Impact
- Access to internal services that should be network-isolated—admin panels, monitoring dashboards, configuration endpoints
- Cloud credential theft via metadata APIs, particularly AWS IAM role credentials exposed at 169.254.169.254
- Reading local files through
file://protocol support, exposing configuration files and source code - Network reconnaissance to map internal infrastructure and identify additional attack targets
- Remote code execution on back-end systems like Redis or Elasticsearch that accept commands over HTTP
- Pivoting deeper into internal networks by using the compromised server as a proxy for further attacks
Real-World Examples
Capital One suffered a massive breach in 2019 when an attacker exploited SSRF in a web application firewall to query AWS metadata services, stealing credentials that granted access to over 100 million customer records. The vulnerability allowed requests to the internal metadata endpoint that should have been unreachable.
Shopify's infrastructure exposed internal Google Cloud metadata in 2020 through an image proxy feature. Security researchers demonstrated they could retrieve service account credentials by tricking the proxy into fetching from the metadata API, potentially compromising the entire GCP environment.
Numerous CVEs in enterprise products highlight SSRF in common features: webhook validators in GitLab, PDF generators that fetch remote images, and document conversion services. These typically manifest when URL validation assumes all requests will target external internet resources, failing to anticipate internal network abuse.
Mitigation
- Allowlist approved destination domains rather than trying to blocklist dangerous ones—only permit necessary external services
- Disable unnecessary URL schemes entirely (file://, gopher://, dict://)—restrict to https:// only where possible
- Network segmentation to prevent application servers from reaching internal infrastructure—use separate VLANs or VPCs
- Deploy cloud metadata protections like AWS IMDSv2 requiring session tokens, making metadata unavailable to simple HTTP requests
- Validate and parse URLs consistently using a single library, then verify resolved IP addresses aren't private ranges
- Remove response bodies from errors to prevent information disclosure in blind SSRF scenarios
Recent CVEs (3484)
Mastodon's IP address filtering bypass (CWE-918) permits attackers to craft requests using unblocked IP ranges to reach local and loopback services, potentially exposing private resources and internal APIs. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit incomplete private address range validation in Mastodon instances to perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks. Patched versions 4.5.4, 4.4.11, 4.3.17, and 4.2.29 are available.
Bio-Formats versions up to 8.3.0 contain an XML External Entity (XXE) injection vulnerability in the Leica Microsystems metadata parser that fails to disable external entity expansion. A local attacker can exploit this by crafting malicious XML metadata files to trigger server-side request forgery, read local files, or cause denial of service. No patch is currently available.
Server-side request forgery (SSRF) in Emlog up to version 2.5.19 allows authenticated attackers to make arbitrary HTTP requests by uploading malicious SVG files to the media upload endpoint, enabling internal network reconnaissance and potential credential exposure when the server processes the files. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patches are currently available. The flaw affects all Emlog installations accepting SVG uploads and can be exploited without user interaction once an attacker gains authenticated access.
Cpp-Httplib versions up to 0.30.0 contains a vulnerability that allows attackers to add extra headers, modify request body unexpectedly & trigger an SSRF attack (CVSS 7.5).
Ivanti Connect Secure and Policy Secure contain an SSRF vulnerability in the SAML component allowing unauthenticated access to restricted resources, used as an additional exploitation vector during the January 2024 Ivanti crisis.
The vulnerability permits attackers to circumvent authentication processes, enabling them to remotely execute arbitrary code. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability could allow attackers to make the server perform requests to unintended internal or external resources.
Skype for Business Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability could allow attackers to make the server perform requests to unintended internal or external resources.
TorchServe is a tool for serving and scaling PyTorch models in production. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Shibboleth XMLTooling before 3.2.4, as used in OpenSAML and Shibboleth Service Provider, allows SSRF via a crafted KeyInfo element. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
VMware Workspace ONE UEM console 20.0.8 prior to 20.0.8.37, 20.11.0 prior to 20.11.0.40, 21.2.0 prior to 21.2.0.27, and 21.5.0 prior to 21.5.0.37 contain an SSRF vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability could allow attackers to make the server perform requests to unintended internal or external resources.
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 10.5 before 14.3.6, all versions starting from 14.4 before 14.4.4, all versions starting from 14.5 before 14.5.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A crafted request uri-path can cause mod_proxy to forward the request to an origin server choosen by the remote user.4.48 and earlier. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability could allow attackers to make the server perform requests to unintended internal or external resources.
Microsoft Exchange Server contains a pre-authentication SSRF vulnerability known as 'ProxyShell' that allows unauthenticated attackers to access Exchange backend services and achieve remote code execution when chained with CVE-2021-34523 and CVE-2021-31207.
When requests to the internal network for webhooks are enabled, a server-side request forgery vulnerability in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 10.5 was possible to exploit for an. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability due to lack of input validation in the Virtual SAN Health Check plug-in which is enabled by default in vCenter Server. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Server Side Request Forgery in vRealize Operations Manager API (CVE-2021-21975) prior to 8.4 may allow a malicious actor with network access to the vRealize Operations Manager API can perform a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
On BIG-IP versions 16.0.x before 16.0.1.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.2.1, 14.1.x before 14.1.4, 13.1.x before 13.1.3.6, and 12.1.x before 12.1.5.3 amd BIG-IQ 7.1.0.x before 7.1.0.3 and 7.0.0.x before. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Microsoft Exchange Server contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability known as 'ProxyLogon' that allows unauthenticated attackers to access Exchange backend services, chain with other vulnerabilities for full server compromise. The most impactful Exchange vulnerability in history.
The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains an SSRF (Server Side Request Forgery) vulnerability due to improper validation of URLs in a vCenter Server plugin. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Accellion FTA 9_12_411 and earlier is affected by SSRF via a crafted POST request to wmProgressstat.html. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Adminer is an open-source database management in a single PHP file. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) before 8.8.15 Patch 7 allows SSRF when WebEx zimlet is installed and zimlet JSP is enabled. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Zimbra Collaboration Suite before 8.6 patch 13, 8.7.x before 8.7.11 patch 10, and 8.8.x before 8.8.10 patch 7 or 8.8.x before 8.8.11 patch 3 allows SSRF via the ProxyServlet component. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The (1) HTTP and (2) FTP coders in ImageMagick before 6.9.3-10 and 7.x before 7.0.1-1 allow remote attackers to conduct server-side request forgery (SSRF) attacks via a crafted image. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
A vulnerability has been found in a2ui-project a2ui up to 0.10.7. Affected by this vulnerability is the function httpx.get of the file agent_sdks/python/a2ui_agent/src/a2ui/extensions/file_resolve/file_resolver.py of the component FileResolver. The manipulation leads to server-side request forgery. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The identifier of the patch is 2bb8423060308bbdea8ba468dabed4fc256d18ea. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.
Server-side request forgery in the AWS Strands Python integration of ag-ui (ag_ui_strands) 0.3.0 allows a user who can submit a chat message to make the agent backend fetch an arbitrary URL through urllib.request.urlopen, reaching loopback, RFC1918, link-local and cloud metadata addresses from the server's network position. The flaw lives in the multimodal content path, where image, document or video attachments can be supplied as URLs rather than inline data, and the pre-patch code applied no scheme, host or redirect validation. Impact is bounded rather than devastating (CVSS 4.0 base 5.3, PR:L), and no public exploit code or CISA KEV entry was identified at time of analysis; the upstream fix commit bf0c34df34cbb4b1992bc37c9bfffe6dd54bb189 is public and referenced by issue #2432 and pull request #2491.
`@zereight/mcp-gitlab` is a Model Context Protocol server for GitLab. Starting in version 0.0.1 and prior to version 2.1.27, when the environment variable `ENABLE_DYNAMIC_API_URL=true` is set, the server reads the `X-GitLab-API-URL` HTTP request header and uses it as the base URL for all outbound GitLab API calls made within that request. The server validates that the value is a well-formed URL (`new URL(dynamicApiUrl)`) but applies no allowlist or hostname restriction. The server then attaches the victim's `Private-Token` to every outbound fetch that uses the redirected URL. Any caller who can reach the HTTP transport can set `X-GitLab-API-URL` to an attacker-controlled host. The next GitLab API call the server makes delivers the victim's token to that host. Version 2.1.27 contains a patch.
Server-side request forgery in Concrete CMS 9.0.0 through 9.5.2 allows an authenticated user who holds file-import privileges to make the server fetch internal-only resources by abusing a DNS pin that is validated once per host and then reused for every later URL on that host. Because the pinned validation and the unpinned download can resolve to different addresses, a rebinding host can redirect the request to loopback services, internal admin panels, or cloud metadata endpoints, with responses saved into the file manager. The vendor rates this only CVSS 4.0 base 2.1 given the high complexity and privileged prerequisite; no public exploit code or CISA KEV entry was identified at time of analysis.
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in the VMware synchronization feature in Devolutions Server 2026.2.16 and earlier allows a low-privileged authenticated user to obtain other users' credentials and reach internal or cloud-metadata network endpoints via a crafted connection definition submitted for datacenter discovery.
Server-side request forgery in the Fabric.js `loadFromJSON` method lets an attacker who can supply canvas JSON to a server-side Fabric.js implementation coerce the host into fetching arbitrary URIs, including internal network resources. The flaw is a missing URI validation step (CWE-918) that is triggered only when the library is used to render or parse untrusted JSON in a server context; browser-only usage of the canvas library is not exposed. ZDI rates it CVSS 4.0 (AV:L/AC:H), no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the library is not listed in CISA KEV; EPSS data was not available in the supplied intelligence.
AVideo through 29.0 is affected by a blind server-side request forgery (SSRF) in the getHeaderContentTypeFromURL function, which performs get_headers() calls on URL values that are only checked for format rather than destination. An authenticated user holding the canUpload permission can persist an attacker-chosen URL as a video link; the vulnerable lookup then fires on every render of that video's watch page, letting the attacker probe internal hosts and infer results through content-type differences and response timing. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry is associated with this CVE at time of analysis, and no EPSS score was supplied in the input, so real-world exploitation activity remains unconfirmed.
Unauthenticated server-side request forgery in AVideo through version 29.0 lets remote attackers drive the server's own HTTP client to arbitrary destinations by supplying crafted Host headers to submitIndex.php or ajax.php. Because the check_site_availability function follows redirects without validating the host, an attacker can map internal hosts and open ports from the outside. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry was provided in the intelligence feed, so exploitation status is unconfirmed, but the flaw requires no credentials and is trivially automatable.
Server-side request forgery in Refly through version 1.1.0 allows authenticated users to coerce the backend into issuing HTTP requests to arbitrary internal addresses by supplying unvalidated URLs to the POST /v1/misc/scrape endpoint. The backend performs no scheme, hostname, or resolved-IP validation before fetching, enabling access to loopback services, RFC1918 private networks, and link-local cloud metadata services such as AWS IMDS at 169.254.169.254. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis; EPSS data is not yet available for this CVE.
Server-side request forgery in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.2 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to coerce the application server into issuing arbitrary outbound HTTP requests. Exploiting this flaw, an attacker can probe internal network topology, reach cloud metadata endpoints (e.g., AWS IMDSv1), or use the server as a proxy to bypass network access controls. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, and IBM has released a patch via their support portal.
Server-side request forgery in IBM Langflow OSS versions 1.0.0 through 1.11.2 allows authenticated network attackers to induce the server to issue unauthorized HTTP requests to arbitrary destinations, enabling internal network enumeration or use of the server as a proxy to reach otherwise-isolated services. The vulnerability is classified as CWE-918 and is confirmed by IBM with a patch available at the vendor support page. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.11.5 permits unauthenticated remote attackers to cause the application server to issue arbitrary outbound HTTP requests. The primary risk is internal network enumeration - mapping services, ports, and hosts reachable from the Langflow deployment that are otherwise inaccessible to the external attacker - and potential use as a pivot to reach internal APIs or cloud metadata endpoints. No public exploit code exists and the CVE is not in the CISA KEV catalog; IBM has issued a patch via its support portal.
Server-side request forgery in netease-youdao LobsterAI affects the `buildBrowserConfig` function within the Browser Network Configuration component, enabling remote attackers to manipulate the application into making forged outbound network requests to attacker-specified targets. Versions 2026.6.15, 2026.8.28, 2026.9.3, and 2026.9.4 are confirmed affected per EUVD enumeration and NVD CPE wildcard coverage. A public proof-of-concept exploit is hosted on GitHub Gist; no vendor patch has been released, and the originating GitHub issue was closed automatically due to inactivity, suggesting no upstream remediation is forthcoming.
Blind server-side request forgery (SSRF) in IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 and 9.0 enables authenticated remote attackers to issue arbitrary internal HTTP requests by embedding malicious URLs within crafted SOAP messages processed by the server. Although the response is not directly returned to the attacker ('blind' SSRF), an adversary can exploit timing discrepancies and error differences to map internal network topology, probe cloud instance metadata endpoints (e.g., AWS IMDSv1), or reach services otherwise inaccessible from the public internet. No public exploit code has been identified and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in the MCP Atlassian MCP server (versions 0.17.0 through 0.21.x) allows remote unauthenticated attackers to force the server to make outbound requests to internal addresses such as the cloud metadata endpoint 169.254.169.254. The flaw is an incomplete-fix TOCTOU: validate_url_for_ssrf resolves and approves the attacker-supplied X-Atlassian-Jira-Url / X-Atlassian-Confluence-Url host once at middleware time, but the actual HTTP client re-resolves the raw hostname at connect time with no IP pinning, so a DNS-rebinding name can pass validation with a public IP and then resolve to a link-local or RFC1918 address. Exploitation is a documented, publicly described proof-of-concept rather than confirmed in-the-wild activity (no CISA KEV listing), and the vendor has released version 0.22.0 as the fix.
Server-side request forgery in cosmicstack-labs Mercury Agent (versions 1.1.0 through 1.1.13) lets an attacker who can influence the `path` argument of the GitHub API handler force the agent to issue requests to arbitrary hosts, including internal services reachable from the agent's network position. The flaw is in the githubRequest function of src/utils/github.ts (CWE-918), and publicly available exploit code exists — the reporter's tracking issue (#81) on the project repository is public. The maintainer was informed early through an issue report but has not responded, so no vendor-released fix is confirmed at time of analysis.
Unauthenticated server-side request forgery in Suite Numérique Docs through 5.6.1 allows any anonymous attacker who knows a public document UUID to make the application's cors-proxy endpoint issue outbound HTTP requests to arbitrary hosts, including internal network resources. By abusing DNS time-of-check-time-of-use race conditions and shared address-space bypasses, an attacker can reach internal services and exfiltrate image content that the proxy fetches on their behalf. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry is associated with this issue at time of analysis, and the confidentiality impact is assessed as limited, so this is a moderate-priority SSRF rather than a catastrophic one — but open, unauthenticated Docs instances should be treated as internet-facing proxies into their own networks until patched.
Server-side request forgery in the Huly Platform print service (pod-print) through version 0.7.426 lets an authenticated workspace member hand an arbitrary URL to the print endpoint, which Puppeteer fetches and renders back as a downloadable PDF or image. Because no hostname allowlist is enforced, the headless browser can be steered at internal metadata services (e.g. cloud IMDS endpoints) and other network-internal hosts, turning the platform into an internal network proxy and credential-leak vector. No CISA KEV listing and no publicly available exploit code were identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC records exploitation as 'none' with automatable 'no'.
Let me synthesize the analysis for CVE-2026-90790, an SSRF in a2a-python's push notification sender. Key facts: - Product: a2a-python (A2A Python SDK by a2aproject) - Function: _dispatch_notification in src/a2a/server/tasks/base_push_notification_sender.py - Component: Push Notification Sender - Argument push_info.url → SSRF (CWE-918) - Remote exploitation possible - Affected: up to 1.1.3 (1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3) - Fix: 1.1.4 (release tag v1.1.4, PRs 1164 and 1169) - CVSS 4.0: 5.3, AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Note PR:L — low privileges required. So authenticated in some sense. - EPSS: not provided - KEV: no - POC: "Reported by VulDB" — no explicit POC. The patch PRs are public, so the fix commit is public. But no explicit POC listed. I'll say "no public exploit identified at time of analysis". - Tags: Python, SSRF, A2A Python Patch: available from vendor, exact version 1.1.4. Interesting detail from diff: the library removed the built-in `push_url_validation_error` helper (SSRF screening) and made the validator opt-in, requiring the deployment to pass `push_url_validator` explicitly. Actually the diff shows the removal of `_ip_is_blocked` and `push_url_validation_error` from base_push_notification_sender.py, and adding a push_url_validator parameter that defaults to None (no library screening). Hmm — that's interesting: the fix in v1.1.4 removed the automatic SSRF screening and replaced it with opt-in validation via `validate_push_notification_url` in src/a2a/utils/push_url_validator.py. That's a bit odd — the fix may be reworked. Actually it looks like the "fix" makes the URL validation a shared utility and requires explicit opt-in. Hmm, this suggests the vulnerability was that the default screening wasn't applied in `_dispatch_notification` at all (the function didn't call the validator), so pushing to a malicious URL would trigger an outbound request to an arbitrary internal address. The PR adds the validator hook into `_dispat
Server-side request forgery in PraisonAI's SpiderTools web-scraping component (praisonaiagents before 1.6.59) lets an attacker-supplied public URL pass the initial validation check and then redirect to loopback, private, link-local, or cloud metadata addresses, with the internal response body returned through scrape_page and its extract_links, crawl, and extract_text callers. Exploitation requires the agent to fetch an attacker-influenced URL, and a local-only proof of vulnerability was published in the vendor's GHSA advisory; there is no public exploit tooling and no evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV, EPSS 0.26% / 17th percentile). The issue is fixed in praisonaiagents 1.6.59 (PraisonAI 4.6.59).
Server-side request forgery in tarzan-cms 1.0.0 allows remote attackers to force the application server to initiate arbitrary outbound HTTP connections by manipulating the `httpUrl` argument passed to the `openConnection()` method in `ThemeService.java`. The Theme Download Function passes user-supplied URL input directly to a connection handler without adequate validation, enabling internal network reconnaissance, cloud metadata endpoint access, or pivoting to backend services. A proof-of-concept has been publicly disclosed via a Gitee issue report; no vendor patch exists and the project maintainer has not responded to the disclosure.
Server-side request forgery in FlowiseAI Flowise up to version 3.0.2 allows authenticated users to redirect internal server-side HTTP requests by supplying attacker-controlled Host and X-Forwarded-Proto headers to the Evaluations endpoint, causing the server to construct the axios.post base URL from untrusted input rather than a trusted server-side value. The flaw enables the Flowise server to be leveraged as a proxy for reaching internal network resources, cloud metadata services, or adjacent microservices invisible to the external attacker. A publicly available proof-of-concept exists (GitHub issue #6687), and vendor-released patch 3.1.3 is available, though all affected versions (≤3.0.2) have been designated end-of-life by the maintainer.
Server-side request forgery in OpenStatus's status-page proxy allows remote attackers to manipulate custom domain resolution, causing the application server to issue forged HTTP requests to unintended internal or external targets. The vulnerable code path in `resolve-custom-domain-rewrite.ts` used attacker-influenced hostname data during URL rewriting without validating that the resolved target corresponded to a legitimate page slug. The patch (commit 86f370c) introduces `applyPageSlugPrefix` to normalize custom domain prefixes to their corresponding page slugs before any internal URL composition occurs, closing the forgery path. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and exploitation requires passive user interaction per the CVSS 4.0 vector.
Path-based server-side request forgery in an ICS inventory management platform allows authenticated low-privilege users to inject arbitrary path components into backend requests destined for an internal search and analytics data store. The application unwittingly proxies attacker-controlled paths using its own elevated service credentials, enabling enumeration and reading of internal configuration and administrative data from the backend that would otherwise be inaccessible. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; the ICS operational context reported by ICS-CERT elevates the consequence of internal configuration exposure.
Server-Side Template Injection in Concrete CMS 9 through 9.5.2 allows a privileged user holding the Theme Customization permission to inject arbitrary LESS directives into style values processed by the server-side LESS compiler. By crafting an @import (inline) directive within color, font, or image style fields, the attacker can read arbitrary files from the server filesystem and reach internal network resources via PHP stream wrappers, with the compiled output - including any exfiltrated file contents - written directly to the publicly accessible CSS cache. This combination of sensitive file disclosure and SSRF enables credential theft and further lateral movement; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in WWBN AVideo's login endpoint enables unauthenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary local files or probe internal services by supplying crafted file paths or HTTP URLs to login.json.php. The vulnerability resides in the _json_decode function, which fetches attacker-supplied URLs and local paths without SSRF validation; the fetched content is then parsed as login credentials, creating an unusual secondary attack surface for potential authentication bypass against internal services that return predictable responses. Affected versions span all releases through commit c3edcc274c389816d434acadac07ee78eaf330c1, with no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.
Full-read Server-Side Request Forgery in Transmute's URL import endpoint (versions prior to 1.3.0) allows authenticated users - or guest users if that feature is enabled - to direct the Transmute server to fetch arbitrary internal or cloud-local HTTP resources, with the fetched content stored and fully retrievable via the files API. The HTTP downloader follows redirects without validating whether target addresses resolve to private or link-local network space (e.g., cloud instance metadata services), making this a full-read SSRF rather than a blind one and elevating the practical confidentiality impact significantly. Vendor-released patch is version 1.3.0; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0-1.11.5 allows remote authenticated attackers to make the server issue outbound HTTP requests to attacker-controlled or internal endpoints, leaking sensitive information from otherwise inaccessible systems. The scope-changed CVSS vector (S:C) confirms the vulnerability's reach extends beyond the Langflow application itself to adjacent internal infrastructure. IBM has released a patch and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery (SSRF) in IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 and 9.0 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to induce the server to issue arbitrary outbound HTTP requests, potentially reaching internal network resources not exposed externally. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 5.3 medium score, reflecting the constrained confidentiality impact (C:L) and absence of integrity or availability effects. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though SSRF in enterprise middleware is a well-understood technique for internal network reconnaissance and cloud metadata exposure.
Server-side request forgery in EspoCRM before 10.0.4 allows authenticated users to route outbound HTTP requests to internal network services by exploiting an incomplete IPv6 blocklist in the host-validation layer. The HostCheck::ipAddressIsNotInternal() function strips ::ffff: IPv4-mapped prefixes but ignores three IPv6 transition address families - NAT64 (64:ff9b::/96), 6to4 (2002::/16), and Teredo (2001:0000::/32) - enabling an attacker who controls a domain with crafted AAAA records to also defeat the CURLOPT_RESOLVE IP-pinning guard and reach private infrastructure. A publicly available exploit has been confirmed by VulnCheck; no CISA KEV listing has been observed at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in OpenPanel's data importer allows authenticated organization members to probe internal network hosts, services, and cloud metadata endpoints. The flaw exists because `parseRemoteFile` in `packages/importer/src/providers/umami.ts` calls plain `fetch()` on a caller-supplied `config.fileUrl` validated only by Zod's `z.string().url()` format check, entirely bypassing the project's own SSRF guard at `apps/api/src/utils/safe-fetch.ts`; the shared `createFileImportConfig` factory exposes the same unguarded field. An additional access-control bug means even a default 'member' with no project_access rows can exploit this path, because `getProjectAccess` returns boolean `true` instead of a level object, causing the intended access-level check to be skipped. No patched release was available at time of publication, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
SSRF filter-bypass in Open WebUI 0.9.5-0.11.0 allows authenticated users to route server-side fetches to private networks, loopback addresses, and cloud metadata endpoints by exploiting unvalidated HTTP redirect destinations. When AIOHTTP_CLIENT_ALLOW_REDIRECTS is enabled, the platform applies WEB_FETCH_FILTER_LIST and private-address controls only to the initial request URL, not to redirect hops - allowing a crafted redirect chain to reach AWS IMDS, Azure platform channels, or internal services. No public exploit exists and the issue is not in CISA KEV, but the scope-changed CVSS vector (S:C) and potential exposure of cloud IAM credentials in hosted deployments elevate practical risk above the 5.0 base score.
WeasyPrint ≤v69.0 silently bypasses application-configured url_fetcher restrictions in two write_pdf() channels, enabling arbitrary local file read and SSRF in server-side PDF rendering pipelines. The xmp_metadata parameter fetches attacker-controlled URLs using the default unrestricted URLFetcher and embeds the response bytes verbatim in the generated PDF, while the stylesheets parameter applies fetched CSS with transitive propagation through @import chains - both ignoring any restrictive fetcher set on HTML(). No public exploit is listed in KEV, but the advisory includes complete working PoC code demonstrating credential file exfiltration.
Server-Side Request Forgery in LF Edge eKuiper (all versions prior to 2.4.0) allows authenticated high-privilege users with management API access to register external service definitions targeting internal network addresses - including loopback (127.0.0.1), RFC1918 private subnets, and cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254) - and trigger outbound requests to those addresses by executing SQL processing rules. Successful exploitation enables probing internal services, exfiltrating sensitive configuration data such as MQTT credentials exposed via eKuiper's own REST API, and interacting with internal APIs reachable from the eKuiper host. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but a detailed proof-of-concept is embedded in the GitHub security advisory GHSA-pqqc-8v73-9gg2.
Unauthenticated SSRF in Yordam Informatics' Library Information and Document Automation Program allows remote attackers to induce the server to issue arbitrary HTTP requests to internal or external destinations. Affecting all versions before v22.2, the flaw is reachable without credentials over the network, giving attackers a pivot point to probe internal network resources, cloud metadata endpoints, or other services inaccessible from the public internet. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in Apache Impala 2.0.0 through 4.5.1 allows SQL-authenticated users to coerce the Impala daemon into issuing arbitrary HTTP or file-system GET requests by specifying a malicious URL in the `avro.schema.url` table property. Internal service responses reachable by Impala but not directly by the attacker are partially exposed through SQL parsing error messages, enabling internal network reconnaissance, cloud metadata enumeration, and local file disclosure. Reported by zhaokaifei of ChinaTelecom, the vulnerability is resolved in version 4.5.2; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in opengeos GeoLibre up to version 2.3.0 allows malicious plugins or attacker-controlled WebView content to invoke the application's native Tauri IPC commands (`fetch_url_bytes`, `resolve_url_redirect`) to issue HTTP requests from the desktop process's privileged network position, bypassing browser CORS restrictions and potentially reaching cloud instance-metadata services (169.254.169.254) inaccessible to ordinary browser fetch. The vulnerability is fixed in GeoLibre 2.4.0 via commit b745f62e29fa37364686525a21eee5e5c0f8a369. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV active-exploitation listing exists.
Server-side request forgery in n8n's Instance AI credential setup flow enables network-accessible attackers to cause the n8n server to issue authenticated requests, redirects, or internal probes to arbitrary unintended origins. The root cause is that the extractServiceOrigin function in credential-utils.ts accepts a credential verification URL from user-influenced input without validating it against the workflow node's expected origin, so attacker-controlled fetched content can further redirect where those requests land. Versions prior to 2.37.7 and the 2.38.0-2.38.1 branch are affected; vendor-released patches exist at 2.37.7 and 2.38.2.
Server-side request forgery (SSRF) in Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition enables a low-privileged authenticated attacker to cause the server to issue outbound network requests, resulting in limited information disclosure. Exploitation requires user interaction in addition to a valid low-level account, constraining real-world impact to authenticated insider or phishing-assisted scenarios. No public exploit code has been identified, and the vulnerability carries a low CVSS base score of 3.5, reflecting its narrow confidentiality-only impact.
Server-side request forgery in Microsoft Exchange Server 2016, 2019, and Subscription Edition enables a network-authenticated low-privilege attacker to force the Exchange server to issue crafted outbound HTTP requests, resulting in high-confidentiality-impact information disclosure and network spoofing. The vulnerability requires only valid Exchange credentials and no user interaction, making it accessible to any mailbox user in an affected organization. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but patch availability from Microsoft is confirmed.
Server-Side Request Forgery in InstantCMS versions prior to 2.18.2 allows authenticated users to probe internal network services by exploiting a redirect-bypass flaw in the 'upload from URL' feature. The uploader validates the initial URL against a private IP blacklist, but when the remote server issues an HTTP redirect, the redirected target URL is followed without re-validation, allowing the blacklist to be bypassed entirely. An attacker with any authenticated account can use this to map and interact with internal services not exposed to the public internet. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 allows a super-admin to bypass the ExternalUrl webhook SSRF guard by supplying IPv6 transition addresses (NAT64, 6to4, or Teredo) that encode private IPv4 targets. The validation logic only checks IPv4 address representations, so transition-encoded addresses such as 64:ff9b::169.254.169.254 pass unchallenged, enabling the server to reach internal services or cloud metadata endpoints like the AWS IMDSv1 API. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis; the vendor-released fix is version 8.7.0.
Server-Side Request Forgery in ONLYOFFICE ownCloud Integration Plugin version 9.12 enables an authenticated administrator to redirect outbound HTTP requests from the ownCloud server to arbitrary internal destinations by supplying a malicious Document Server URL to the `/apps/onlyoffice/ajax/settings/address` endpoint. Successful exploitation allows internal network reconnaissance and TCP port scanning through differential server response timing and content. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and EPSS sits at 0.16% (6th percentile), reflecting low observed exploitation interest despite the high confidentiality impact rating.
Server-side request forgery in Eclipse Che dashboard backend (versions 7.79.0-7.121.0) enables any authenticated user to make the backend issue arbitrary outbound HTTP GET requests to internal network targets, including the cloud instance metadata service at 169.254.169.254, loopback interfaces, RFC-1918 ranges, and in-cluster Kubernetes service endpoints. The POST /dashboard/api/data/resolver endpoint forwards caller-supplied URLs with no host validation and without consulting the operator-configured allowlist (spec.devEnvironments.allowedSources.urls). The vulnerability is fixed in 7.122.0, which introduces private-address blocking, IPv4-mapped IPv6 bypass prevention, allowlist enforcement, and disables outbound redirect following. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.
Server-Side Request Forgery in SAP Manufacturing Integration and Intelligence (SAP MII) allows an authenticated low-privilege network attacker to force the server to initiate arbitrary outbound HTTP/network requests. When the application processes the resulting content through its XML/XSL pipeline, the SSRF can be chained to trigger script execution, resulting in low-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; the vulnerability was disclosed as part of SAP Security Patch Day.
Server-side request forgery in Knowns ≤0.33.0 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to make the server issue outbound HTTP requests to arbitrary caller-supplied destinations via the POST /api/embedding-models/test endpoint. The application leaks network reachability information through transport-layer error messages, allowing attackers to enumerate internal hosts, cloud metadata services (e.g., AWS IMDSv1 at 169.254.169.254), and adjacent services. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, and the CVSS 4.0 score is 6.9 (Medium), reflecting real but bounded impact.
SSRF in ash_authentication_oauth2_server 0.3.0 allows an attacker who controls both an OAuth2 client's metadata URL and the associated DNS resolution to route the server's outbound CIMD metadata fetches to loopback, link-local, or internal addresses. The `public_ip?/1` guard in `AshAuthentication.Oauth2Server.CIMD.ReqFetcher` failed to classify three IPv6 address families as private - IPv4-compatible ::/96 (e.g., ::127.0.0.1), SIIT IPv4-translated ::ffff:0:0:0/96, and deprecated site-local fec0::/10 - so a crafted DNS AAAA response in any of these ranges bypassed the policy. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch released in version 0.3.1.
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before version 2026.2.2 allows an attacker to probe internal network resources by embedding a malicious Kubernetes spec-source URL inside a crafted project file. When a developer opens the untrusted project, the IDE automatically fetches the attacker-controlled URL, causing outbound requests to arbitrary hosts reachable from the developer's machine. Impact is limited to partial confidentiality loss (C:L) - internal network topology or service responses may be disclosed - with no integrity or availability consequences. No public exploit code is identified and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.
Improper certificate validation in Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) 5.0 allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to conduct server-side request forgery, resulting in high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability loss. Both the Appliance variant (prior to 5.36.00.16) and the Application variant (prior to 5.36.00.00) are affected, as confirmed by Dell Security Advisory DSA-2026-382. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis, placing this in routine patch-cycle priority rather than emergency response.
Server-side request forgery in jackson-coreutils 2.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to manipulate the server into issuing arbitrary outbound HTTP requests by supplying a crafted URL to the JsonLoader.fromURL function. The vulnerability originates from insufficient URL validation in the library's JSON loading component, enabling internal network probing, access to cloud metadata endpoints, or interaction with internal services not otherwise reachable. A public proof-of-concept exists via the project's GitHub issue tracker, and the maintainer has not responded to the disclosure; no patch is available at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in projeto-siga SIGA up to version 11.1.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to cause the application server to issue arbitrary HTTP requests by supplying a crafted value to the html parameter of the HTML-to-PDF conversion endpoint (ExUtilController.java, DownloadExterno.getUrl). This enables attackers to probe internal network services, exfiltrate cloud metadata, or reach otherwise-inaccessible infrastructure through the server's outbound network position. A public exploit exists and the maintainer has not responded to the responsible disclosure issue (#2492), leaving all deployments on 11.1.1 and earlier unpatched.
Server-side request forgery in FeehiCMS up to version 2.1.1 allows authenticated high-privilege users to make the backend server issue arbitrary HTTP requests by manipulating the source[] parameter in the UEditor catchImage function. The CVSS 4.0 vector confirms network-reachable exploitation requiring high privileges (PR:H), limiting the attack surface to authenticated backend administrators. A public proof-of-concept writeup has been published on GitHub and the vendor has not responded to the responsible disclosure issue filed against the repository.
Server-side request forgery in openagents up to 0.8.19 and 0.9.3.post20 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate the base_url argument of the test_default_model function in sdk/src/openagents/sdk/transports/http.py, causing the server to issue arbitrary outbound HTTP requests and disclose internal network responses. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed via GitHub issue #566 with a proof-of-concept. Critically, the maintainer closed the issue as inapplicable despite the identical unguarded code shipping in 0.9.3.post20 - the endpoint and both code sinks remain unchanged; only the file path was relocated in commit e277dd1a.
Server-side request forgery in Rowboat through 0.9.1 allows any authenticated user to redirect the application server's outbound HTTP client at arbitrary destinations, including cloud instance-metadata endpoints and RFC 1918 internal services, by supplying unvalidated URLs when registering custom MCP servers or webhooks. The missing URL validation exists in two confirmed code paths - the add-custom-mcp-server use-case and agent-tools runtime - as documented in VulnCheck's advisory and GitHub issue #621. No vendor-released patch version is identified in available references, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.
Confused deputy SSRF bypass in Sim before 0.8.14 allows authenticated workflow authors to reach internal-only API endpoints by exploiting URL prefix matching without scheme normalization. When an HTTP block in a workflow specifies a path beginning with /api/, the routing layer misclassifies the request as internal, skips SSRF validation, and mints an internal authentication token - granting the attacker access to endpoints such as POST /api/function/execute that are meant to be restricted to the server itself. No public exploit is confirmed at time of analysis, but a researcher disclosure writeup is available on GitHub, and a fix was shipped in PR #7179 targeting v0.8.14.
Blind Server-Side Request Forgery in the Divi WordPress theme (all versions through 4.27.6) allows authenticated Contributor-level users to coerce the web server into making arbitrary outbound HTTP requests, including to private and reserved IP ranges unreachable from the public internet. The root cause is the use of WordPress's unrestricted `wp_remote_get()` instead of the network-safe `wp_safe_remote_get()` in the `et_pb_set_video_oembed_thumbnail_resolution()` function. Although response bodies are withheld (blind SSRF), two side-channel oracles - a status oracle based on the returned URL string and a timing oracle based on response latency - allow limited internal network reconnaissance. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch is available as of Divi 4.27.7.
Server-side request forgery in the Greenshift WordPress plugin before 13.2.0 allows contributor-level (and higher) authenticated users to direct the server to fetch arbitrary external or internal URLs and read the response. The flaw stems from missing URL validation before server-side HTTP requests are dispatched, enabling internal network reconnaissance, port scanning, or cloud instance metadata credential theft in hosted environments. A publicly available exploit exists and was reported by WPScan; EPSS stands at 0.13% (3rd percentile), suggesting no widespread automated exploitation at time of analysis despite the public PoC.
Server-side request forgery in Camaleon CMS 2.7.5-2.9.1 allows authenticated users to abuse the media library's 'Upload from URL' feature to reach internal network services. The root cause is Ruby's OpenURI library transparently following HTTP redirects, so a URL that passes initial host validation can redirect to an internal address (cloud metadata endpoints, internal APIs) that the server then fetches and returns. Version 2.9.2 patches the issue with a redirect-blocking download helper; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified.
Server-side request forgery in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.2 allows remote authenticated attackers to force the application server to make outbound HTTP requests to arbitrary destinations, enabling reconnaissance of internal network resources and metadata services. The S:C (scope change) in the CVSS vector confirms the vulnerability can reach internal systems beyond the Langflow application boundary - a hallmark of high-impact SSRF. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, and IBM has released a patch.
Server-side request forgery in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.11.2 allows authenticated remote attackers to leverage the application server as a proxy to reach internal network resources, exposing sensitive information from systems not directly accessible to the attacker. The CVSS S:C scope-change metric signals that the primary risk extends beyond the vulnerable component itself - cloud-hosted instances are particularly exposed to metadata-service credential theft via endpoints like AWS IMDSv1. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in Marqo ≤ 2.26.0 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to force the server to issue HTTP requests to arbitrary internal or external URLs by supplying attacker-controlled values in media fields of the add_documents API endpoint. The vulnerability originates in the inference orchestrator's image download component - specifically the download_image_from_url and fetch_content_sample functions in image_download.py - which perform no host validation or destination filtering before fetching user-supplied URLs. In cloud-hosted deployments, this enables access to instance metadata endpoints (e.g., AWS IMDSv1 at 169.254.169.254) that can yield IAM role credentials, substantially amplifying the practical impact beyond the moderate CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9. No public exploit code has been identified and the vulnerability is not in the CISA KEV catalog.
Server-side request forgery in Trigger.dev before 4.5.2 allows authenticated organization members to register webhook alert channel URLs targeting internal network services, loopback addresses, or cloud provider metadata endpoints such as the AWS IMDSv1 service. When an alert is delivered, the Trigger.dev server issues an outbound POST request to the attacker-controlled URL without any URL validation or SSRF filtering, exposing internal infrastructure to probing and potentially yielding cloud IAM credentials. The vendor released v4.5.2 as a security hardening release that introduces URL sanitization via a `sanitizeHttpUrl` utility; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Unauthenticated full-read SSRF in Openpanel before 2.3.0 enables remote attackers to issue arbitrary server-side HTTP requests through the /tools/site-checker endpoint, with no authentication, IP allowlisting, or SSRF mitigation in place. The endpoint's url query parameter is passed directly to fetchWithRedirects() in apps/api/src/controllers/tools.controller.ts, allowing attackers to reach cloud instance metadata services (e.g., AWS IMDS at 169.254.169.254), enumerate internal ports, and retrieve response content including status codes, page sizes, and parsed HTML metadata. A secondary leakage path via getIPInfo() exfiltrates internal IP addresses to a third-party service, exposing network topology data beyond the attacker's direct channel. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in light0011 CMS allows unauthenticated remote attackers to force the server to fetch arbitrary URLs by manipulating the `source[]` parameter in the bundled UEditor `catchimage` function at `Public/ueditor/php/controller.php`. Successful exploitation enables internal network reconnaissance, access to cloud metadata services (e.g., AWS IMDSv1), and pivoting to other HTTP endpoints not exposed externally. A public exploit exists via GitHub issue #6; the maintainer has not responded to disclosure and no patch has been released.
Server-Side Request Forgery in the SEOPress WordPress plugin (through version 10.1) allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to induce the server to make HTTP requests to arbitrary internal or external targets, potentially exposing internal network services and metadata endpoints. The S:C scope change in the CVSS vector confirms the vulnerability crosses trust boundaries - the plugin's server-side requests can reach systems beyond the WordPress host itself. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Server-side request forgery in PlaywrightCapture's favicon retrieval function allows a remote attacker to cause the PlaywrightCapture host to issue HTTP requests to internal or loopback-addressed services by exploiting a redirect-bypass in the aiohttp HTTP client. When the `only_global_lookup` configuration is active, the library validates the user-supplied favicon URL before the first request but does not re-validate URLs generated by automatic HTTP redirects, allowing a publicly reachable attacker-controlled URL to redirect to restricted destinations such as 127.0.0.1 or internal network services. Depending on what internal HTTP services are reachable from the PlaywrightCapture host and how favicon response content is surfaced, this enables internal network probing and potential information disclosure. A patch is available via the upstream Lookyloo repository; no active exploitation has been identified.
Quick Facts
- Typical Severity
- HIGH
- Category
- web
- Total CVEs
- 3484