Windows 11 23h2
Monthly
Out-of-bounds read in the Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File driver (CWE-125) exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker with physical access to the target machine. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases, from build 10.0.17763 through current 25H2 and Server 2025 lines. No active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified; vendor-released patches are available via the July 2026 Microsoft Security Update.
Privilege escalation via untrusted pointer dereference in the Windows SCSI Class System File affects a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server releases, requiring physical access to trigger. An attacker with physical access to a target machine can connect a malicious SCSI device, causing the kernel-mode SCSI class driver to dereference an attacker-controlled pointer and elevate from unprivileged to full system (kernel) control. No public exploit and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; exploitation is constrained to physical proximity.
Use-after-free in Windows Distributed File System (DFS) enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the DFS service, resulting in denial of file-sharing access across affected Windows client and server versions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L) confirms network reachability but constrains exploitation to low-privilege authenticated accounts under high-complexity conditions. Microsoft has released patches covering the full affected range from Windows 10 1607 through Windows Server 2025; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in the Windows Biometric Service exposes private personal information to locally authenticated, low-privilege attackers without requiring user interaction. The flaw, rooted in CWE-359, affects a broad swath of Windows versions from Server 2016 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, giving an authenticated local user unauthorized read access to biometric-related PII managed by the service. Microsoft has released patches across all affected version lines. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows DNS affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases through a numeric truncation error (CWE-197) in the DNS component. An authorized local attacker already holding high-privilege credentials can exploit this flaw to achieve full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected host. Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected version lines; no public exploit code exists and no active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Windows DNS service affects a broad range of Windows client and server versions from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all major feature releases. The vulnerability stems from a numeric truncation error (CWE-122, heap-based buffer overflow) that an already-privileged local attacker can trigger to gain elevated access beyond their current privilege level. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing are present at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches across all affected product lines.
Local privilege escalation in Windows DNS affects a broad range of Windows client and server operating systems, enabling an already-authenticated local attacker to gain elevated privileges on the target system. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) indicates the attacker requires high existing privileges - consistent with the description's reference to an 'authorized attacker' - yet can achieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact post-exploitation. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog; a vendor-released patch is available via Microsoft's Update Guide.
Information disclosure via a buffer over-read in the Windows SMB Client component affects a broad spectrum of Microsoft Windows desktop and server editions, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2. An attacker who controls a malicious SMB server and induces a target Windows user to connect to it can trigger the client to read beyond allocated memory buffer boundaries, leaking potentially sensitive process memory contents across the network. SSVC rates exploitation status as none and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, though the high confidentiality impact (C:H) and the near-universal deployment footprint of the Windows SMB Client make this a meaningful routine patch priority.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (CWE-125) allows a low-privileged local attacker to disclose potentially sensitive kernel memory contents across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions from Server 2012 through Server 2025. The CVSS vector confirms local-only exploitability with low privilege requirements and no user interaction needed, yielding high confidentiality impact but no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; however, the breadth of affected versions across both consumer and enterprise Windows releases makes timely patching critical for any organization with a Windows estate.
Inadequate encryption strength in Windows Active Directory enables a low-privileged authenticated network attacker to bypass a security feature, resulting in a high-integrity impact. Affected platforms span Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2025, and multiple Windows 11 release channels (23H2 through 26H1). No public exploit identified at time of analysis; SSVC assessment confirms no observed exploitation and the attack is not automatable, placing this in a lower operational urgency tier despite the high integrity impact rating.
Windows GDI (Graphics Device Interface) exposes an out-of-bounds read flaw exploitable by any locally authenticated, low-privileged user across a broad span of Windows releases - from Windows 10 Version 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Successful exploitation yields high-confidence memory disclosure (C:H per CVSS), enabling an attacker to read memory contents beyond the intended GDI buffer boundary, potentially exposing credentials, session material, or cryptographic data. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; however, the low attack complexity and extremely wide platform coverage make this a high-priority routine patch-cycle item.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver exposes kernel memory contents to local authenticated attackers across a wide range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Exploitation requires only a low-privileged local account (CVSS PR:L, AV:L), yielding high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit code exists and SSVC exploitation status is confirmed 'none', though the broad platform footprint and low-privilege bar make this a meaningful patch priority for multi-user and shared-access environments.
Privilege escalation in Windows DNS across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases exploits a numeric truncation error (CWE-122, heap-based buffer overflow) to allow an authorized local attacker with high privileges to fully compromise the vulnerable system. Affected builds span from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1, with vendor-supplied patches now available from Microsoft MSRC. SSVC assessment confirms no current exploitation activity and the vulnerability is not automatable, though technical impact is rated total across confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Privilege escalation in Windows DNS across a broad range of Microsoft Windows releases stems from a numeric truncation error (CWE-122) that produces a heap-based buffer overflow, enabling an already high-privileged local attacker to escalate further - likely to SYSTEM level. The vulnerability spans Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 consumer editions, representing a wide patching surface. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC confirms exploitation status as none with no automatable attack path, though technical impact is rated total.
Windows Win32K contains an untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822) that allows a locally authenticated attacker to disclose sensitive kernel or process memory contents. Affected systems include multiple Windows 11 release branches (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, both full and Server Core installations. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and exploitation has not been confirmed by CISA KEV; Microsoft has released patches addressing all affected build ranges.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS driver exposes sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated attackers across a wide range of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server releases. The flaw (CWE-125) allows a low-privileged local user to read kernel or process memory beyond intended boundaries, resulting in information disclosure with high confidentiality impact but no integrity or availability consequences. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with partial technical impact.
Information disclosure in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver allows a local low-privileged attacker to read beyond buffer boundaries and expose sensitive memory contents. Affecting virtually every supported Windows desktop and server release - from Windows 10 1607 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1 - the vulnerability requires only a standard local user account and no special configuration, making it a realistic threat in multi-tenant, shared, or cloud environments where local access is granted to semi-trusted users. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches across all affected product lines.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics subsystem allows any locally authenticated low-privilege user to disclose sensitive kernel memory contents without user interaction. The flaw spans an exceptionally broad range of affected Windows versions, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2, significantly widening enterprise exposure. No active exploitation has been confirmed in CISA KEV and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though kernel memory disclosure from Win32K is strategically valuable as a KASLR-bypass primitive in chained privilege escalation attacks.
Windows DNS Server on a broad range of Windows and Windows Server editions contains a heap-based buffer overflow rooted in a numeric truncation error, enabling an authorized local attacker with high-privilege access to escalate privileges on the affected system. Affected platforms span Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature versions, with Microsoft confirming full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact upon successful exploitation. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; SSVC classifies exploitation status as none and automatable as no, and Microsoft has released patches addressed in the MSRC advisory.
Authentication bypass in Windows Schannel allows a network-based attacker to circumvent cryptographic signature validation, achieving high-integrity impact without requiring prior privileges. Schannel, Microsoft's TLS/SSL security provider, fails to properly verify cryptographic signatures - tagged as a JWT attack vector - enabling forged or malformed tokens to pass validation and bypass security feature enforcement. No active exploitation is confirmed (SSVC: exploitation=none; not listed in CISA KEV), and the high attack complexity and required user interaction constrain opportunistic mass exploitation despite the broad Windows version footprint.
Tampering via partial string comparison in the Windows HTTP Protocol Stack (http.sys) exposes a broad range of Windows client and server editions to integrity compromise by unauthenticated adjacent-network attackers. Affected platforms span Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, with Microsoft tagging the issue as an authentication bypass rooted in CWE-187. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected product lines.
Information disclosure in Windows Win32K affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server operating systems, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. A locally authenticated low-privilege user can trigger a buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the Win32K kernel-mode subsystem, causing the kernel to return out-of-bounds memory contents to user space. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation status as none with partial technical impact, though the kernel information disclosure primitive carries chaining risk for privilege escalation.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics subsystem exposes kernel memory contents to a locally authenticated low-privilege attacker across a wide swath of Windows desktop and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. The impact is strictly information disclosure - high confidentiality loss with no integrity or availability effect - making this most practically useful as a KASLR-bypass building block in a multi-stage local privilege escalation chain. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; SSVC classifies exploitation status as none and technical impact as partial.
Windows Imaging Component (WIC) across a broad span of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases contains an uninitialized memory read flaw (CWE-908) that an authorized local user with low privileges can exploit to disclose sensitive information from process memory. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L/C:H/I:N/A:N) confirms this is strictly a local, low-privilege information disclosure with no network attack surface and no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit code has been identified and this CVE is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a vendor-released patch is confirmed via the Microsoft MSRC advisory.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to disclose potentially sensitive information from process memory. Affecting a broad sweep of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1, the flaw is rooted in a memory safety defect in the WMI subsystem (CWE-125). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released corrective updates across all affected product lines.
Windows Wired AutoConfig Service (dot3svc) exposes a buffer over-read (CWE-126) that allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to read beyond allocated memory boundaries and disclose potentially sensitive information from adjacent memory. Affected scope spans virtually the entire modern Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making patch surface broad despite the local-only attack vector. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none at time of analysis, placing this squarely in the routine patching tier rather than emergency response.
Windows GDI+ (Graphics Device Interface Plus) exposes uninitialized memory contents to local low-privileged attackers across a broad range of Windows desktop and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The root cause is CWE-908 (use of uninitialized resource), where a graphics operation returns memory that has not been zeroed or populated, potentially leaking sensitive in-memory data. No active exploitation is confirmed and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none; however, the wide affected surface and high confidentiality impact make this a priority patch in shared-access environments such as RDP or VDI deployments.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM) Core Library exposes sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated attackers across a broad range of Windows client and server versions. Exploitation requires an authenticated local session with at least low-privilege access (PR:L per CVSS), making this an insider-threat or post-compromise escalation primitive rather than an initial-access vector. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA KEV does not list this vulnerability; Microsoft has released patches via the July 2026 Patch Tuesday cycle.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) enables kernel-level code execution through physical insertion of maliciously crafted UDF media, affecting every supported Windows client and server release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The physical attack vector (AV:P) is the dominant risk constraint - a vendor patch is available from Microsoft and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though the breadth of affected builds and the kernel execution context make this high priority in environments where physical access is not strictly controlled.
Windows Defender Firewall Service across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019 through 2025 contains a missing authorization flaw (CWE-862) that enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to bypass firewall security controls and manipulate firewall rules without the required authorization. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 5.5 with High integrity impact, reflecting the attacker's ability to fully undermine the local firewall enforcement boundary from a standard user session. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the post-exploitation value as a lateral movement enabler is notable given the breadth of affected Windows versions.
Cleartext storage of sensitive credentials in Windows Hello exposes authentication material to local tampering by authorized but low-privileged attackers across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The flaw, rooted in CWE-312, means that sensitive data used by the Windows Hello subsystem is persisted without adequate encryption, enabling an attacker with local access to modify it and undermine the integrity of the authentication mechanism. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with non-automatable attack paths.
Information disclosure in Windows Remote Desktop Client across nearly all supported Windows versions exposes client-side memory contents to a network-based attacker who controls a malicious RDP server. The flaw is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) triggered when the client parses crafted server-sent protocol data, resulting in high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit code exists and CISA has not added this to KEV; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 - makes patch prioritization important for organizations permitting outbound RDP connections to untrusted hosts.
Windows Hyper-V across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases contains a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to disclose confidential memory contents. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) constrains the attack to local access with required user interaction and produces no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at the time of analysis.
Information disclosure in Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI) via an untrusted pointer dereference exposes sensitive memory contents to a local low-privileged attacker across virtually all supported Windows client and server releases. The vulnerability (CWE-822) allows an authorized local user to trigger a controlled pointer dereference within GDI's rendering subsystem, resulting in high-impact confidentiality loss with no integrity or availability effect. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the breadth of affected versions - spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2012 through Server 2025 - makes this a broad-footprint patching concern.
Buffer over-read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver enables a physically present attacker to disclose sensitive memory contents without authentication across a broad range of Windows client and server versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The attack vector is strictly physical (confirmed by CVSS AV:P), confining the threat to scenarios where an adversary has direct hands-on access to the target hardware. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; Microsoft has released patches via the MSRC update guide.
Information disclosure in the Windows Event Logging Service exposes high-confidentiality data to any locally authenticated attacker via a CWE-126 buffer over-read, with no code execution possible. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally broad surface: every supported Windows client and server release from Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 is affected. Microsoft has released patched builds via its monthly update cycle; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, keeping real-world urgency moderate despite the wide footprint.
Remote Registry Service denial of service in Microsoft Windows allows network-authenticated attackers to crash the service via a crafted RPC request triggering a null pointer dereference. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms that any domain or local account with network access to the service is sufficient for exploitation - no elevated privileges required. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.
Null pointer dereference in the Windows Remote Registry Service enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the service, resulting in denial of availability for remote registry operations across a broad range of Microsoft platforms. Affected builds span Windows 10/11 consumer releases and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, representing the near-entirety of Microsoft's currently supported Windows footprint. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA's SSVC framework rates exploitation as 'none' with partial technical impact, positioning this as a standard patch-cycle priority rather than an out-of-band emergency.
Windows Event Logging Service on multiple Windows desktop and server versions exposes uninitialized memory contents to locally authenticated attackers via CWE-908, enabling information disclosure without elevated privileges or user interaction. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L/C:H) confirms that an authorized local user can trigger the flaw to read stale memory that may contain sensitive data from other processes or OS operations. No public exploit exists and CISA SSVC rates current exploitation as none, but the breadth of affected Windows versions - spanning Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 - makes patch prioritization worthwhile for any environment with untrusted local users.
Uninitialized resource use in Microsoft COM for Windows enables a locally authenticated attacker to read sensitive memory contents, constituting a high-confidence information disclosure. Affected systems span virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit exists at time of analysis and SSVC assessment rates exploitation as none, though the breadth of affected platforms elevates patching urgency.
Information disclosure in the Microsoft Windows Search Component allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to bypass weak authentication controls and access sensitive indexed content outside their authorized scope. Affected systems span Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all current supported versions, representing an exceptionally broad exposure surface. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, though the ubiquitous deployment footprint of Windows makes timely patching a priority for all organizations.
Information disclosure in AMD Zen processor microarchitecture, surfaced through Windows system software, enables a local low-privileged attacker to read high-sensitivity data across security boundaries. The CVSS Scope Changed metric (S:C) combined with C:H and the AMD Zen tag strongly suggests a microarchitectural side-channel capable of leaking data from outside the attacker's security context - a pattern consistent with speculative execution or cache-based cross-boundary leakage. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation status as none; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions (Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all supported channels) gives this a wide potential exposure surface on AMD Zen-equipped systems.
Information disclosure in AMD Zen processors on Windows allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to read sensitive memory contents across security boundaries via a high-complexity microarchitectural technique. Affecting Windows versions from Windows 10 1607 to Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025, this vulnerability was reported by Microsoft's security team (secure@microsoft.com) and carries a CVSS 5.6 medium score with Scope:Changed (S:C) indicating the attacker can cross a privilege boundary to reach data outside their own security context. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is absent from the CISA KEV catalog, though vendor-released patches are confirmed available via MSRC.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Encrypting File System (EFS) driver exposes sensitive memory contents to any locally authenticated attacker holding standard user privileges. Affected systems span the entire modern Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making the patch surface extremely broad. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, though the combination of a low-complexity local attack and high confidentiality impact warrants prompt patching on systems where EFS is actively used.
BitLocker's protection mechanism on Windows fails to enforce a critical authentication or verification step, permitting a physically present attacker to bypass full-disk encryption without credentials, a recovery key, or elevated privileges. Despite a CVSS score of 6.8 (Medium) - moderated by the physical access requirement - the impact ratings are High across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, meaning successful exploitation grants complete access to encrypted data and the underlying system. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released a patch via the MSRC update guide.
Security feature bypass in Microsoft Windows BitLocker allows an attacker with physical access to circumvent the drive encryption protection mechanism. Affected systems can have BitLocker-protected data accessed despite the encryption-at-rest control being enabled, undermining a core platform confidentiality boundary. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the vulnerability is reported by Microsoft (secure@microsoft.com) as a protection mechanism failure with high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
BitLocker drive encryption on Windows can be bypassed by a physically present, unauthenticated attacker, exposing protected volume contents with high confidentiality impact. Classified as CWE-693 (Protection Mechanism Failure), the flaw undermines BitLocker's core threat model - data-at-rest protection - across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases from 2012 through 2025. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions; however, the physical access requirement means organizations with mobile or physically accessible systems should treat this as a higher operational priority than the CVSS score alone implies.
Spoofing via improper input validation affects Microsoft Azure Attestation service and the Device Health Attestation Service component across a broad range of Windows OS versions, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. An authorized attacker with high privileges and physical access to the target device can manipulate attestation inputs to spoof device health or platform integrity status, achieving a high-integrity impact with no confidentiality or availability consequence. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; the CVSS score of 3.9 (Low) reflects the significant physical and privilege barriers to exploitation.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows DHCP Server service enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to disclose contents of process memory on affected systems. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms this is a local, low-complexity attack requiring only standard user privileges - no elevated rights or user interaction needed. Exploitation is constrained to hosts where the Windows DHCP Server role is actively installed and running, which significantly limits the attack surface to designated infrastructure servers rather than general workstations. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows DHCP Server exposes adjacent memory contents and can crash the service, yielding both information disclosure and a high-severity denial-of-service condition on affected Windows systems. The flaw (CWE-125) is exploitable locally with low attack complexity and no user interaction, targeting systems where the DHCP Server role is installed across a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Server editions from 2012 through 2025. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds via the MSRC update guide (CVE-2026-45608).
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft's UxTheme Library (uxtheme.dll) enables a locally authenticated attacker to crash the affected Windows system, resulting in denial of service. The vulnerability spans a broad swath of Windows releases - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making patch surface management critical for enterprise environments. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Application Identity (AppID) Subsystem exposes sensitive kernel or process memory to a local authenticated attacker without requiring elevated privileges or user interaction. Affected builds span Windows 11 versions 23H2 through 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, including Server Core installations. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog, though the high confidentiality impact (CVSS C:H) indicates meaningful data exposure potential when triggered.
Mark of the Web (MOTW) protection mechanism failure across a broad range of Windows client and server releases allows unauthenticated network-based attackers to deliver files that evade the Zone.Identifier security tag, bypassing downstream defenses such as SmartScreen and Office Protected View that depend on MOTW presence. User interaction is required to trigger the bypass, limiting automated mass exploitation. No public exploit code exists and CISA has not listed this in KEV; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions - spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025 - gives this vulnerability significant surface area as a link in social-engineering attack chains.
Information disclosure in the Windows Application Identity (AppID) Subsystem exposes sensitive data to locally authenticated, low-privileged attackers across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms that exploitation requires only a local session with standard user privileges - no elevated rights or user interaction needed. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the wide affected surface spanning consumer and server SKUs makes patching a meaningful priority in multi-user or shared-system environments.
Windows Push Notifications contains a use-of-uninitialized-resource flaw (CWE-200) that enables a locally authenticated attacker to read sensitive information from memory without elevation of privilege. Affecting a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds, the vulnerability requires only low-privilege local access and no user interaction to trigger. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with partial technical impact, placing this in a lower-urgency remediation band despite the High confidentiality rating in the CVSS vector.
Local information disclosure in Windows Hyper-V enables an authenticated low-privileged attacker to access sensitive data they are not authorized to read, without any user interaction. Affected systems span a broad range of Windows desktop and server editions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing; however, the high confidentiality impact (C:H) and breadth of affected versions make this a meaningful patching priority, particularly in multi-tenant virtualization environments.
Windows Push Notifications on multiple Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions exposes sensitive memory contents through an uninitialized resource condition, allowing a low-privileged local user to read high-confidentiality data without any user interaction. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L) confirms this is strictly a local privilege issue - no remote attack path exists - limiting its practical blast radius to insider threats and post-compromise lateral reconnaissance. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches addressing all listed affected versions.
Windows Push Notifications contains a use-of-uninitialized-resource flaw (CWE-200) that enables authenticated local attackers to disclose sensitive information across a wide breadth of Microsoft Windows desktop and server platforms. Spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, the vulnerability carries a CVSS 5.5 Medium score with high confidentiality impact (C:H) but no integrity or availability impact. Microsoft has released patches via the June 2026 Patch Tuesday cycle; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Windows Push Notifications on a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions leaks sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated low-privileged users through an uninitialized resource condition (CWE-908). The CVSS vector confirms local attack vector with low-privilege authentication requirement, no user interaction needed, and high confidentiality impact - meaning an attacker who has already obtained a standard user account can read residual memory data that could include tokens, credentials, or other sensitive artifacts. No public exploit code exists and no active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available via Microsoft Security Response Center.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Telephony Service exposes sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated attackers across a broad range of Windows client and server versions. The flaw (CWE-125) is exploitable with only low privileges and no user interaction, yielding high confidentiality impact while leaving integrity and availability unaffected. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; CISA's SSVC framework rates this as non-automatable with partial technical impact, placing it at medium operational priority.
Denial-of-service in the Windows TCP/IP stack allows an authenticated attacker on an adjacent network to crash the networking subsystem of affected Windows hosts via an incorrect buffer size calculation. Affected systems span Windows 10 (21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2 through 26H1), Windows Server 2022, and Windows Server 2025 - all unpatched builds within Microsoft-documented version ranges. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though Microsoft has released fixes addressable via Windows Update; the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Windows Kerberos out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) allows a low-privilege network attacker to crash the Kerberos authentication service across all actively supported Windows client and server platforms, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1. The attack requires prior domain authentication and high-complexity triggering conditions (CVSS AC:H), limiting opportunistic mass exploitation, though a successful attack against a domain controller can deny authentication domain-wide by crashing the KDC. Vendor patches are available via the Microsoft MSRC advisory; no public exploit code exists and SSVC confirms no observed exploitation at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in Windows Shell exposes sensitive data to authenticated low-privileged attackers, with a confirmed vendor patch available. The vulnerability stems from CWE-200 improper information exposure within the Windows Shell component, allowing confidentiality compromise with no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the high confidentiality impact score (C:H) and low attack complexity elevate practical concern for environments where lateral movement or credential harvesting are threat vectors.
Windows Shell exposes sensitive information to locally authenticated, low-privileged attackers without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges. The vulnerability (CWE-200) results in high confidentiality impact, allowing disclosure of sensitive data accessible through the Shell component. No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, though the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) has acknowledged the issue via advisory.
Null pointer dereference in Windows Kerberos enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the Kerberos service, causing denial of service. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms exploitation is achievable over the network by any low-privilege authenticated user with no user interaction required, resulting in high availability impact (A:H) with no confidentiality or integrity consequences. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information in Windows Accessibility Infrastructure (ATBroker.exe) affects Windows Server 2019, 2025, Windows 10 22h2, and Windows 11 25h2, allowing local authenticated attackers to read confidential data. The vulnerability requires user privileges and local access but poses no risk to system integrity or availability. No patch is currently available for this issue.
Windows Shell Link Processing leaks sensitive information over the network in Windows Server 2012, 2019, and 2022, enabling remote spoofing attacks without authentication or user interaction. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this information disclosure to conduct spoofing attacks against affected systems. No patch is currently available.
A division by zero flaw in the Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems enables local attackers to trigger a denial of service condition without requiring special privileges or user interaction. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Windows 10 1607, 22h2 and Windows 11 25h2, 26h1, with no patch currently available.
Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 10 21H2, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 11 25H2 is vulnerable to a null pointer dereference that enables local denial of service attacks. An attacker with local access can trigger the vulnerability without requiring elevated privileges or user interaction to crash the graphics component and render the system unavailable. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability.
Windows Push Message Routing Service contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that enables authenticated local users to access sensitive information on affected systems running Windows 10 and Windows 11. The vulnerability requires valid credentials to exploit and poses a confidentiality risk, though no patch is currently available. This affects multiple Windows versions including 21H2, 22H2, and 23H2 releases.
Windows Kernel inadvertently logs sensitive information accessible to authenticated local users, enabling information disclosure attacks. This medium-severity vulnerability affects Windows 10 22H2, Windows 11 23H2, and 24H2, as well as Linux systems, allowing authorized attackers with local access to retrieve confidential data. No patch is currently available for this issue.
Windows Secure Boot stores Microsoft certificates in the UEFI KEK and DB. [CVSS 6.4 MEDIUM]
Uninitialized memory in the Dynamic Root of Trust for Measurement (DRTM) component of Windows 11 25h2, Windows Server 2019, Windows 10 22h2, Windows 10 1809, and Windows 11 23h2 allows a high-privileged local attacker to read sensitive information from kernel memory. The vulnerability requires administrative or equivalent privileges to exploit and carries no patch availability. This issue is tracked under CWE-908 with a CVSS score of 4.4.
Windows File Explorer information disclosure affects Windows 10 and 11 systems, allowing local authenticated attackers to access sensitive data through improper access controls. The vulnerability requires valid user credentials and local system access, posing a risk in multi-user or shared computing environments where sensitive files may be exposed to other authorized users.
Windows File Explorer improperly restricts access to sensitive information, enabling authenticated local users to read confidential data without authorization. This vulnerability affects Windows 10 across multiple versions (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2) and requires valid user credentials and local system access to exploit. Currently, no patch is available to remediate this information disclosure issue.
Information disclosure in Windows NDIS allows a privileged local attacker with physical access to read sensitive kernel memory regions on Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems. The vulnerability requires both authentication and direct hardware interaction, limiting its practical exploitation to scenarios where an attacker has already compromised system access. No patch is currently available for affected Windows versions including 10 (21h2, 22h2) and 11 (25h2).
Information disclosure in Windows VBS Enclave protection across Windows 11 versions (23h2, 24h2, 25h2) results from unsafe pointer handling that allows local attackers to read sensitive data without authentication. The vulnerability requires local access and carries medium severity with no available patch, making it a persistent risk for systems relying on virtualization-based security controls.
Windows File Explorer information disclosure allows local authenticated users to access sensitive data without authorization. This medium-severity vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Windows 11 (24h2 and 25h2), Windows 10 1809, and Windows Server 2019, but no patch is currently available.
Windows SMB Server denial of service via race condition affects Windows 10 21h2, Windows 11 24h2, and Windows Server 2022, allowing authenticated attackers to disrupt service availability through improper synchronization of shared resources. The vulnerability requires network access and specific conditions to trigger but carries no patch availability at this time. Impact is limited to availability with no confidentiality or integrity compromise.
Windows NTLM authentication across multiple Windows versions (10, Server 2008/2019) allows remote attackers to manipulate file name or path parameters without authentication, enabling network-based identity spoofing attacks. The vulnerability requires user interaction and has no available patch, affecting systems still running older Windows Server editions alongside current Windows 10 releases. An attacker could impersonate legitimate services or users to compromise trust in networked communications.
Privilege escalation in Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave affects Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022 through a heap-based buffer overflow in memory management. An authenticated local attacker with high privileges can exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized system-level access. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability (CVSS 6.7).
Windows NTLM authentication is vulnerable to path manipulation attacks that enable network-based spoofing when users interact with malicious content, affecting Windows 10 22H2 and Windows Server editions 2008-2016. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit improper file name or path validation to impersonate legitimate systems or services, potentially redirecting authentication requests to attacker-controlled resources. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Windows Management Services on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2022 expose sensitive information through an information disclosure vulnerability that allows authenticated local users to read confidential data. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this to access information they should not be authorized to view, though no remote exploitation or system modification is possible. No patch is currently available for affected systems.
Windows Shell information disclosure in Windows 10, 11, and Server 2019/2022 permits authenticated network attackers to conduct spoofing attacks by accessing sensitive data. The vulnerability requires valid credentials and network access, with no active exploits currently documented. No patch is available at this time.
Information disclosure in Windows Client-Side Caching Service allows authenticated local users to read sensitive data on affected systems including Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit improper access controls to access cached information without additional user interaction. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Sensitive information disclosure in the Windows Kernel error message handling allows local authenticated users to read confidential data they shouldn't have access to. The vulnerability affects Windows and Windows Server 2022/2025 platforms and requires valid credentials to exploit, limiting its attack surface. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity issue.
Windows Shell path traversal vulnerability affecting Windows 10 21H2, Windows Server 2016, 2019, and 2022 allows an attacker with physical access to spoof system resources without requiring user interaction. The vulnerability has no patch available and poses a confidentiality risk through unauthorized information disclosure.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows TPM allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. [CVSS 5.5 MEDIUM]
Windows Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting Windows 7 through Windows 11 24H2 and Windows Server 2008-2019, enabling information disclosure through physical access to an affected system. An attacker with direct hardware access can exploit this flaw to read sensitive data from memory, though no patch is currently available. The attack requires physical presence and does not provide code execution or availability impact.
Information disclosure in Windows Tablet UI (TWINUI) subsystem allows authenticated local users to read sensitive data on affected Windows 11 and Windows Server systems. An attacker with local access can exploit this to retrieve confidential information without requiring user interaction. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability.
Out-of-bounds read in the Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File driver (CWE-125) exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker with physical access to the target machine. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases, from build 10.0.17763 through current 25H2 and Server 2025 lines. No active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified; vendor-released patches are available via the July 2026 Microsoft Security Update.
Privilege escalation via untrusted pointer dereference in the Windows SCSI Class System File affects a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server releases, requiring physical access to trigger. An attacker with physical access to a target machine can connect a malicious SCSI device, causing the kernel-mode SCSI class driver to dereference an attacker-controlled pointer and elevate from unprivileged to full system (kernel) control. No public exploit and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; exploitation is constrained to physical proximity.
Use-after-free in Windows Distributed File System (DFS) enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the DFS service, resulting in denial of file-sharing access across affected Windows client and server versions. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L) confirms network reachability but constrains exploitation to low-privilege authenticated accounts under high-complexity conditions. Microsoft has released patches covering the full affected range from Windows 10 1607 through Windows Server 2025; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in the Windows Biometric Service exposes private personal information to locally authenticated, low-privilege attackers without requiring user interaction. The flaw, rooted in CWE-359, affects a broad swath of Windows versions from Server 2016 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, giving an authenticated local user unauthorized read access to biometric-related PII managed by the service. Microsoft has released patches across all affected version lines. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows DNS affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases through a numeric truncation error (CWE-197) in the DNS component. An authorized local attacker already holding high-privilege credentials can exploit this flaw to achieve full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected host. Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected version lines; no public exploit code exists and no active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Windows DNS service affects a broad range of Windows client and server versions from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all major feature releases. The vulnerability stems from a numeric truncation error (CWE-122, heap-based buffer overflow) that an already-privileged local attacker can trigger to gain elevated access beyond their current privilege level. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing are present at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches across all affected product lines.
Local privilege escalation in Windows DNS affects a broad range of Windows client and server operating systems, enabling an already-authenticated local attacker to gain elevated privileges on the target system. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) indicates the attacker requires high existing privileges - consistent with the description's reference to an 'authorized attacker' - yet can achieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact post-exploitation. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog; a vendor-released patch is available via Microsoft's Update Guide.
Information disclosure via a buffer over-read in the Windows SMB Client component affects a broad spectrum of Microsoft Windows desktop and server editions, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2. An attacker who controls a malicious SMB server and induces a target Windows user to connect to it can trigger the client to read beyond allocated memory buffer boundaries, leaking potentially sensitive process memory contents across the network. SSVC rates exploitation status as none and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, though the high confidentiality impact (C:H) and the near-universal deployment footprint of the Windows SMB Client make this a meaningful routine patch priority.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (CWE-125) allows a low-privileged local attacker to disclose potentially sensitive kernel memory contents across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions from Server 2012 through Server 2025. The CVSS vector confirms local-only exploitability with low privilege requirements and no user interaction needed, yielding high confidentiality impact but no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; however, the breadth of affected versions across both consumer and enterprise Windows releases makes timely patching critical for any organization with a Windows estate.
Inadequate encryption strength in Windows Active Directory enables a low-privileged authenticated network attacker to bypass a security feature, resulting in a high-integrity impact. Affected platforms span Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2025, and multiple Windows 11 release channels (23H2 through 26H1). No public exploit identified at time of analysis; SSVC assessment confirms no observed exploitation and the attack is not automatable, placing this in a lower operational urgency tier despite the high integrity impact rating.
Windows GDI (Graphics Device Interface) exposes an out-of-bounds read flaw exploitable by any locally authenticated, low-privileged user across a broad span of Windows releases - from Windows 10 Version 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Successful exploitation yields high-confidence memory disclosure (C:H per CVSS), enabling an attacker to read memory contents beyond the intended GDI buffer boundary, potentially exposing credentials, session material, or cryptographic data. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; however, the low attack complexity and extremely wide platform coverage make this a high-priority routine patch-cycle item.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver exposes kernel memory contents to local authenticated attackers across a wide range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Exploitation requires only a low-privileged local account (CVSS PR:L, AV:L), yielding high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit code exists and SSVC exploitation status is confirmed 'none', though the broad platform footprint and low-privilege bar make this a meaningful patch priority for multi-user and shared-access environments.
Privilege escalation in Windows DNS across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases exploits a numeric truncation error (CWE-122, heap-based buffer overflow) to allow an authorized local attacker with high privileges to fully compromise the vulnerable system. Affected builds span from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1, with vendor-supplied patches now available from Microsoft MSRC. SSVC assessment confirms no current exploitation activity and the vulnerability is not automatable, though technical impact is rated total across confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Privilege escalation in Windows DNS across a broad range of Microsoft Windows releases stems from a numeric truncation error (CWE-122) that produces a heap-based buffer overflow, enabling an already high-privileged local attacker to escalate further - likely to SYSTEM level. The vulnerability spans Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 consumer editions, representing a wide patching surface. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC confirms exploitation status as none with no automatable attack path, though technical impact is rated total.
Windows Win32K contains an untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822) that allows a locally authenticated attacker to disclose sensitive kernel or process memory contents. Affected systems include multiple Windows 11 release branches (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, both full and Server Core installations. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and exploitation has not been confirmed by CISA KEV; Microsoft has released patches addressing all affected build ranges.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS driver exposes sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated attackers across a wide range of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server releases. The flaw (CWE-125) allows a low-privileged local user to read kernel or process memory beyond intended boundaries, resulting in information disclosure with high confidentiality impact but no integrity or availability consequences. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with partial technical impact.
Information disclosure in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver allows a local low-privileged attacker to read beyond buffer boundaries and expose sensitive memory contents. Affecting virtually every supported Windows desktop and server release - from Windows 10 1607 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1 - the vulnerability requires only a standard local user account and no special configuration, making it a realistic threat in multi-tenant, shared, or cloud environments where local access is granted to semi-trusted users. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches across all affected product lines.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics subsystem allows any locally authenticated low-privilege user to disclose sensitive kernel memory contents without user interaction. The flaw spans an exceptionally broad range of affected Windows versions, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2, significantly widening enterprise exposure. No active exploitation has been confirmed in CISA KEV and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though kernel memory disclosure from Win32K is strategically valuable as a KASLR-bypass primitive in chained privilege escalation attacks.
Windows DNS Server on a broad range of Windows and Windows Server editions contains a heap-based buffer overflow rooted in a numeric truncation error, enabling an authorized local attacker with high-privilege access to escalate privileges on the affected system. Affected platforms span Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across multiple feature versions, with Microsoft confirming full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact upon successful exploitation. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; SSVC classifies exploitation status as none and automatable as no, and Microsoft has released patches addressed in the MSRC advisory.
Authentication bypass in Windows Schannel allows a network-based attacker to circumvent cryptographic signature validation, achieving high-integrity impact without requiring prior privileges. Schannel, Microsoft's TLS/SSL security provider, fails to properly verify cryptographic signatures - tagged as a JWT attack vector - enabling forged or malformed tokens to pass validation and bypass security feature enforcement. No active exploitation is confirmed (SSVC: exploitation=none; not listed in CISA KEV), and the high attack complexity and required user interaction constrain opportunistic mass exploitation despite the broad Windows version footprint.
Tampering via partial string comparison in the Windows HTTP Protocol Stack (http.sys) exposes a broad range of Windows client and server editions to integrity compromise by unauthenticated adjacent-network attackers. Affected platforms span Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, with Microsoft tagging the issue as an authentication bypass rooted in CWE-187. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected product lines.
Information disclosure in Windows Win32K affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server operating systems, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. A locally authenticated low-privilege user can trigger a buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the Win32K kernel-mode subsystem, causing the kernel to return out-of-bounds memory contents to user space. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation status as none with partial technical impact, though the kernel information disclosure primitive carries chaining risk for privilege escalation.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics subsystem exposes kernel memory contents to a locally authenticated low-privilege attacker across a wide swath of Windows desktop and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. The impact is strictly information disclosure - high confidentiality loss with no integrity or availability effect - making this most practically useful as a KASLR-bypass building block in a multi-stage local privilege escalation chain. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; SSVC classifies exploitation status as none and technical impact as partial.
Windows Imaging Component (WIC) across a broad span of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases contains an uninitialized memory read flaw (CWE-908) that an authorized local user with low privileges can exploit to disclose sensitive information from process memory. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L/C:H/I:N/A:N) confirms this is strictly a local, low-privilege information disclosure with no network attack surface and no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit code has been identified and this CVE is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a vendor-released patch is confirmed via the Microsoft MSRC advisory.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to disclose potentially sensitive information from process memory. Affecting a broad sweep of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1, the flaw is rooted in a memory safety defect in the WMI subsystem (CWE-125). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released corrective updates across all affected product lines.
Windows Wired AutoConfig Service (dot3svc) exposes a buffer over-read (CWE-126) that allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to read beyond allocated memory boundaries and disclose potentially sensitive information from adjacent memory. Affected scope spans virtually the entire modern Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making patch surface broad despite the local-only attack vector. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none at time of analysis, placing this squarely in the routine patching tier rather than emergency response.
Windows GDI+ (Graphics Device Interface Plus) exposes uninitialized memory contents to local low-privileged attackers across a broad range of Windows desktop and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The root cause is CWE-908 (use of uninitialized resource), where a graphics operation returns memory that has not been zeroed or populated, potentially leaking sensitive in-memory data. No active exploitation is confirmed and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none; however, the wide affected surface and high confidentiality impact make this a priority patch in shared-access environments such as RDP or VDI deployments.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM) Core Library exposes sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated attackers across a broad range of Windows client and server versions. Exploitation requires an authenticated local session with at least low-privilege access (PR:L per CVSS), making this an insider-threat or post-compromise escalation primitive rather than an initial-access vector. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA KEV does not list this vulnerability; Microsoft has released patches via the July 2026 Patch Tuesday cycle.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) enables kernel-level code execution through physical insertion of maliciously crafted UDF media, affecting every supported Windows client and server release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. The physical attack vector (AV:P) is the dominant risk constraint - a vendor patch is available from Microsoft and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though the breadth of affected builds and the kernel execution context make this high priority in environments where physical access is not strictly controlled.
Windows Defender Firewall Service across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019 through 2025 contains a missing authorization flaw (CWE-862) that enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to bypass firewall security controls and manipulate firewall rules without the required authorization. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 5.5 with High integrity impact, reflecting the attacker's ability to fully undermine the local firewall enforcement boundary from a standard user session. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the post-exploitation value as a lateral movement enabler is notable given the breadth of affected Windows versions.
Cleartext storage of sensitive credentials in Windows Hello exposes authentication material to local tampering by authorized but low-privileged attackers across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. The flaw, rooted in CWE-312, means that sensitive data used by the Windows Hello subsystem is persisted without adequate encryption, enabling an attacker with local access to modify it and undermine the integrity of the authentication mechanism. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with non-automatable attack paths.
Information disclosure in Windows Remote Desktop Client across nearly all supported Windows versions exposes client-side memory contents to a network-based attacker who controls a malicious RDP server. The flaw is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) triggered when the client parses crafted server-sent protocol data, resulting in high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit code exists and CISA has not added this to KEV; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 - makes patch prioritization important for organizations permitting outbound RDP connections to untrusted hosts.
Windows Hyper-V across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases contains a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to disclose confidential memory contents. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) constrains the attack to local access with required user interaction and produces no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at the time of analysis.
Information disclosure in Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI) via an untrusted pointer dereference exposes sensitive memory contents to a local low-privileged attacker across virtually all supported Windows client and server releases. The vulnerability (CWE-822) allows an authorized local user to trigger a controlled pointer dereference within GDI's rendering subsystem, resulting in high-impact confidentiality loss with no integrity or availability effect. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the breadth of affected versions - spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2012 through Server 2025 - makes this a broad-footprint patching concern.
Buffer over-read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver enables a physically present attacker to disclose sensitive memory contents without authentication across a broad range of Windows client and server versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The attack vector is strictly physical (confirmed by CVSS AV:P), confining the threat to scenarios where an adversary has direct hands-on access to the target hardware. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; Microsoft has released patches via the MSRC update guide.
Information disclosure in the Windows Event Logging Service exposes high-confidentiality data to any locally authenticated attacker via a CWE-126 buffer over-read, with no code execution possible. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally broad surface: every supported Windows client and server release from Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 is affected. Microsoft has released patched builds via its monthly update cycle; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, keeping real-world urgency moderate despite the wide footprint.
Remote Registry Service denial of service in Microsoft Windows allows network-authenticated attackers to crash the service via a crafted RPC request triggering a null pointer dereference. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms that any domain or local account with network access to the service is sufficient for exploitation - no elevated privileges required. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.
Null pointer dereference in the Windows Remote Registry Service enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the service, resulting in denial of availability for remote registry operations across a broad range of Microsoft platforms. Affected builds span Windows 10/11 consumer releases and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, representing the near-entirety of Microsoft's currently supported Windows footprint. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA's SSVC framework rates exploitation as 'none' with partial technical impact, positioning this as a standard patch-cycle priority rather than an out-of-band emergency.
Windows Event Logging Service on multiple Windows desktop and server versions exposes uninitialized memory contents to locally authenticated attackers via CWE-908, enabling information disclosure without elevated privileges or user interaction. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L/C:H) confirms that an authorized local user can trigger the flaw to read stale memory that may contain sensitive data from other processes or OS operations. No public exploit exists and CISA SSVC rates current exploitation as none, but the breadth of affected Windows versions - spanning Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 - makes patch prioritization worthwhile for any environment with untrusted local users.
Uninitialized resource use in Microsoft COM for Windows enables a locally authenticated attacker to read sensitive memory contents, constituting a high-confidence information disclosure. Affected systems span virtually the entire supported Windows ecosystem, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit exists at time of analysis and SSVC assessment rates exploitation as none, though the breadth of affected platforms elevates patching urgency.
Information disclosure in the Microsoft Windows Search Component allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to bypass weak authentication controls and access sensitive indexed content outside their authorized scope. Affected systems span Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all current supported versions, representing an exceptionally broad exposure surface. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, though the ubiquitous deployment footprint of Windows makes timely patching a priority for all organizations.
Information disclosure in AMD Zen processor microarchitecture, surfaced through Windows system software, enables a local low-privileged attacker to read high-sensitivity data across security boundaries. The CVSS Scope Changed metric (S:C) combined with C:H and the AMD Zen tag strongly suggests a microarchitectural side-channel capable of leaking data from outside the attacker's security context - a pattern consistent with speculative execution or cache-based cross-boundary leakage. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation status as none; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions (Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 across all supported channels) gives this a wide potential exposure surface on AMD Zen-equipped systems.
Information disclosure in AMD Zen processors on Windows allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to read sensitive memory contents across security boundaries via a high-complexity microarchitectural technique. Affecting Windows versions from Windows 10 1607 to Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025, this vulnerability was reported by Microsoft's security team (secure@microsoft.com) and carries a CVSS 5.6 medium score with Scope:Changed (S:C) indicating the attacker can cross a privilege boundary to reach data outside their own security context. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is absent from the CISA KEV catalog, though vendor-released patches are confirmed available via MSRC.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Encrypting File System (EFS) driver exposes sensitive memory contents to any locally authenticated attacker holding standard user privileges. Affected systems span the entire modern Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making the patch surface extremely broad. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, though the combination of a low-complexity local attack and high confidentiality impact warrants prompt patching on systems where EFS is actively used.
BitLocker's protection mechanism on Windows fails to enforce a critical authentication or verification step, permitting a physically present attacker to bypass full-disk encryption without credentials, a recovery key, or elevated privileges. Despite a CVSS score of 6.8 (Medium) - moderated by the physical access requirement - the impact ratings are High across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, meaning successful exploitation grants complete access to encrypted data and the underlying system. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released a patch via the MSRC update guide.
Security feature bypass in Microsoft Windows BitLocker allows an attacker with physical access to circumvent the drive encryption protection mechanism. Affected systems can have BitLocker-protected data accessed despite the encryption-at-rest control being enabled, undermining a core platform confidentiality boundary. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the vulnerability is reported by Microsoft (secure@microsoft.com) as a protection mechanism failure with high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
BitLocker drive encryption on Windows can be bypassed by a physically present, unauthenticated attacker, exposing protected volume contents with high confidentiality impact. Classified as CWE-693 (Protection Mechanism Failure), the flaw undermines BitLocker's core threat model - data-at-rest protection - across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases from 2012 through 2025. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions; however, the physical access requirement means organizations with mobile or physically accessible systems should treat this as a higher operational priority than the CVSS score alone implies.
Spoofing via improper input validation affects Microsoft Azure Attestation service and the Device Health Attestation Service component across a broad range of Windows OS versions, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. An authorized attacker with high privileges and physical access to the target device can manipulate attestation inputs to spoof device health or platform integrity status, achieving a high-integrity impact with no confidentiality or availability consequence. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; the CVSS score of 3.9 (Low) reflects the significant physical and privilege barriers to exploitation.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows DHCP Server service enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to disclose contents of process memory on affected systems. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms this is a local, low-complexity attack requiring only standard user privileges - no elevated rights or user interaction needed. Exploitation is constrained to hosts where the Windows DHCP Server role is actively installed and running, which significantly limits the attack surface to designated infrastructure servers rather than general workstations. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows DHCP Server exposes adjacent memory contents and can crash the service, yielding both information disclosure and a high-severity denial-of-service condition on affected Windows systems. The flaw (CWE-125) is exploitable locally with low attack complexity and no user interaction, targeting systems where the DHCP Server role is installed across a broad range of Windows 10, 11, and Server editions from 2012 through 2025. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds via the MSRC update guide (CVE-2026-45608).
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft's UxTheme Library (uxtheme.dll) enables a locally authenticated attacker to crash the affected Windows system, resulting in denial of service. The vulnerability spans a broad swath of Windows releases - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making patch surface management critical for enterprise environments. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Application Identity (AppID) Subsystem exposes sensitive kernel or process memory to a local authenticated attacker without requiring elevated privileges or user interaction. Affected builds span Windows 11 versions 23H2 through 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, including Server Core installations. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog, though the high confidentiality impact (CVSS C:H) indicates meaningful data exposure potential when triggered.
Mark of the Web (MOTW) protection mechanism failure across a broad range of Windows client and server releases allows unauthenticated network-based attackers to deliver files that evade the Zone.Identifier security tag, bypassing downstream defenses such as SmartScreen and Office Protected View that depend on MOTW presence. User interaction is required to trigger the bypass, limiting automated mass exploitation. No public exploit code exists and CISA has not listed this in KEV; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions - spanning Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025 - gives this vulnerability significant surface area as a link in social-engineering attack chains.
Information disclosure in the Windows Application Identity (AppID) Subsystem exposes sensitive data to locally authenticated, low-privileged attackers across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms that exploitation requires only a local session with standard user privileges - no elevated rights or user interaction needed. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the wide affected surface spanning consumer and server SKUs makes patching a meaningful priority in multi-user or shared-system environments.
Windows Push Notifications contains a use-of-uninitialized-resource flaw (CWE-200) that enables a locally authenticated attacker to read sensitive information from memory without elevation of privilege. Affecting a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds, the vulnerability requires only low-privilege local access and no user interaction to trigger. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with partial technical impact, placing this in a lower-urgency remediation band despite the High confidentiality rating in the CVSS vector.
Local information disclosure in Windows Hyper-V enables an authenticated low-privileged attacker to access sensitive data they are not authorized to read, without any user interaction. Affected systems span a broad range of Windows desktop and server editions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing; however, the high confidentiality impact (C:H) and breadth of affected versions make this a meaningful patching priority, particularly in multi-tenant virtualization environments.
Windows Push Notifications on multiple Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions exposes sensitive memory contents through an uninitialized resource condition, allowing a low-privileged local user to read high-confidentiality data without any user interaction. The CVSS vector (AV:L/PR:L) confirms this is strictly a local privilege issue - no remote attack path exists - limiting its practical blast radius to insider threats and post-compromise lateral reconnaissance. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches addressing all listed affected versions.
Windows Push Notifications contains a use-of-uninitialized-resource flaw (CWE-200) that enables authenticated local attackers to disclose sensitive information across a wide breadth of Microsoft Windows desktop and server platforms. Spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, the vulnerability carries a CVSS 5.5 Medium score with high confidentiality impact (C:H) but no integrity or availability impact. Microsoft has released patches via the June 2026 Patch Tuesday cycle; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Windows Push Notifications on a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions leaks sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated low-privileged users through an uninitialized resource condition (CWE-908). The CVSS vector confirms local attack vector with low-privilege authentication requirement, no user interaction needed, and high confidentiality impact - meaning an attacker who has already obtained a standard user account can read residual memory data that could include tokens, credentials, or other sensitive artifacts. No public exploit code exists and no active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available via Microsoft Security Response Center.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Telephony Service exposes sensitive memory contents to locally authenticated attackers across a broad range of Windows client and server versions. The flaw (CWE-125) is exploitable with only low privileges and no user interaction, yielding high confidentiality impact while leaving integrity and availability unaffected. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; CISA's SSVC framework rates this as non-automatable with partial technical impact, placing it at medium operational priority.
Denial-of-service in the Windows TCP/IP stack allows an authenticated attacker on an adjacent network to crash the networking subsystem of affected Windows hosts via an incorrect buffer size calculation. Affected systems span Windows 10 (21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2 through 26H1), Windows Server 2022, and Windows Server 2025 - all unpatched builds within Microsoft-documented version ranges. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though Microsoft has released fixes addressable via Windows Update; the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Windows Kerberos out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) allows a low-privilege network attacker to crash the Kerberos authentication service across all actively supported Windows client and server platforms, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 11 26H1. The attack requires prior domain authentication and high-complexity triggering conditions (CVSS AC:H), limiting opportunistic mass exploitation, though a successful attack against a domain controller can deny authentication domain-wide by crashing the KDC. Vendor patches are available via the Microsoft MSRC advisory; no public exploit code exists and SSVC confirms no observed exploitation at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in Windows Shell exposes sensitive data to authenticated low-privileged attackers, with a confirmed vendor patch available. The vulnerability stems from CWE-200 improper information exposure within the Windows Shell component, allowing confidentiality compromise with no integrity or availability impact. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the high confidentiality impact score (C:H) and low attack complexity elevate practical concern for environments where lateral movement or credential harvesting are threat vectors.
Windows Shell exposes sensitive information to locally authenticated, low-privileged attackers without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges. The vulnerability (CWE-200) results in high confidentiality impact, allowing disclosure of sensitive data accessible through the Shell component. No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, though the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) has acknowledged the issue via advisory.
Null pointer dereference in Windows Kerberos enables an authenticated network attacker to crash the Kerberos service, causing denial of service. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms exploitation is achievable over the network by any low-privilege authenticated user with no user interaction required, resulting in high availability impact (A:H) with no confidentiality or integrity consequences. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information in Windows Accessibility Infrastructure (ATBroker.exe) affects Windows Server 2019, 2025, Windows 10 22h2, and Windows 11 25h2, allowing local authenticated attackers to read confidential data. The vulnerability requires user privileges and local access but poses no risk to system integrity or availability. No patch is currently available for this issue.
Windows Shell Link Processing leaks sensitive information over the network in Windows Server 2012, 2019, and 2022, enabling remote spoofing attacks without authentication or user interaction. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this information disclosure to conduct spoofing attacks against affected systems. No patch is currently available.
A division by zero flaw in the Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems enables local attackers to trigger a denial of service condition without requiring special privileges or user interaction. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Windows 10 1607, 22h2 and Windows 11 25h2, 26h1, with no patch currently available.
Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 10 21H2, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 11 25H2 is vulnerable to a null pointer dereference that enables local denial of service attacks. An attacker with local access can trigger the vulnerability without requiring elevated privileges or user interaction to crash the graphics component and render the system unavailable. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability.
Windows Push Message Routing Service contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that enables authenticated local users to access sensitive information on affected systems running Windows 10 and Windows 11. The vulnerability requires valid credentials to exploit and poses a confidentiality risk, though no patch is currently available. This affects multiple Windows versions including 21H2, 22H2, and 23H2 releases.
Windows Kernel inadvertently logs sensitive information accessible to authenticated local users, enabling information disclosure attacks. This medium-severity vulnerability affects Windows 10 22H2, Windows 11 23H2, and 24H2, as well as Linux systems, allowing authorized attackers with local access to retrieve confidential data. No patch is currently available for this issue.
Windows Secure Boot stores Microsoft certificates in the UEFI KEK and DB. [CVSS 6.4 MEDIUM]
Uninitialized memory in the Dynamic Root of Trust for Measurement (DRTM) component of Windows 11 25h2, Windows Server 2019, Windows 10 22h2, Windows 10 1809, and Windows 11 23h2 allows a high-privileged local attacker to read sensitive information from kernel memory. The vulnerability requires administrative or equivalent privileges to exploit and carries no patch availability. This issue is tracked under CWE-908 with a CVSS score of 4.4.
Windows File Explorer information disclosure affects Windows 10 and 11 systems, allowing local authenticated attackers to access sensitive data through improper access controls. The vulnerability requires valid user credentials and local system access, posing a risk in multi-user or shared computing environments where sensitive files may be exposed to other authorized users.
Windows File Explorer improperly restricts access to sensitive information, enabling authenticated local users to read confidential data without authorization. This vulnerability affects Windows 10 across multiple versions (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2) and requires valid user credentials and local system access to exploit. Currently, no patch is available to remediate this information disclosure issue.
Information disclosure in Windows NDIS allows a privileged local attacker with physical access to read sensitive kernel memory regions on Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems. The vulnerability requires both authentication and direct hardware interaction, limiting its practical exploitation to scenarios where an attacker has already compromised system access. No patch is currently available for affected Windows versions including 10 (21h2, 22h2) and 11 (25h2).
Information disclosure in Windows VBS Enclave protection across Windows 11 versions (23h2, 24h2, 25h2) results from unsafe pointer handling that allows local attackers to read sensitive data without authentication. The vulnerability requires local access and carries medium severity with no available patch, making it a persistent risk for systems relying on virtualization-based security controls.
Windows File Explorer information disclosure allows local authenticated users to access sensitive data without authorization. This medium-severity vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Windows 11 (24h2 and 25h2), Windows 10 1809, and Windows Server 2019, but no patch is currently available.
Windows SMB Server denial of service via race condition affects Windows 10 21h2, Windows 11 24h2, and Windows Server 2022, allowing authenticated attackers to disrupt service availability through improper synchronization of shared resources. The vulnerability requires network access and specific conditions to trigger but carries no patch availability at this time. Impact is limited to availability with no confidentiality or integrity compromise.
Windows NTLM authentication across multiple Windows versions (10, Server 2008/2019) allows remote attackers to manipulate file name or path parameters without authentication, enabling network-based identity spoofing attacks. The vulnerability requires user interaction and has no available patch, affecting systems still running older Windows Server editions alongside current Windows 10 releases. An attacker could impersonate legitimate services or users to compromise trust in networked communications.
Privilege escalation in Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave affects Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022 through a heap-based buffer overflow in memory management. An authenticated local attacker with high privileges can exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized system-level access. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability (CVSS 6.7).
Windows NTLM authentication is vulnerable to path manipulation attacks that enable network-based spoofing when users interact with malicious content, affecting Windows 10 22H2 and Windows Server editions 2008-2016. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit improper file name or path validation to impersonate legitimate systems or services, potentially redirecting authentication requests to attacker-controlled resources. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Windows Management Services on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2022 expose sensitive information through an information disclosure vulnerability that allows authenticated local users to read confidential data. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this to access information they should not be authorized to view, though no remote exploitation or system modification is possible. No patch is currently available for affected systems.
Windows Shell information disclosure in Windows 10, 11, and Server 2019/2022 permits authenticated network attackers to conduct spoofing attacks by accessing sensitive data. The vulnerability requires valid credentials and network access, with no active exploits currently documented. No patch is available at this time.
Information disclosure in Windows Client-Side Caching Service allows authenticated local users to read sensitive data on affected systems including Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit improper access controls to access cached information without additional user interaction. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Sensitive information disclosure in the Windows Kernel error message handling allows local authenticated users to read confidential data they shouldn't have access to. The vulnerability affects Windows and Windows Server 2022/2025 platforms and requires valid credentials to exploit, limiting its attack surface. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity issue.
Windows Shell path traversal vulnerability affecting Windows 10 21H2, Windows Server 2016, 2019, and 2022 allows an attacker with physical access to spoof system resources without requiring user interaction. The vulnerability has no patch available and poses a confidentiality risk through unauthorized information disclosure.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows TPM allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. [CVSS 5.5 MEDIUM]
Windows Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting Windows 7 through Windows 11 24H2 and Windows Server 2008-2019, enabling information disclosure through physical access to an affected system. An attacker with direct hardware access can exploit this flaw to read sensitive data from memory, though no patch is currently available. The attack requires physical presence and does not provide code execution or availability impact.
Information disclosure in Windows Tablet UI (TWINUI) subsystem allows authenticated local users to read sensitive data on affected Windows 11 and Windows Server systems. An attacker with local access can exploit this to retrieve confidential information without requiring user interaction. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability.