EUVD-2026-43741Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Untrusted EPS reaches the parser over the network with no auth or interaction (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); impact is an availability-only hang, so C:N/I:N/A:H.
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Lifecycle Timeline
8DescriptionNVD
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 12.0.0 through 12.2.0, Pillow's EPS parser in PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py accepts a negative byte count in the %%BeginBinary directive, allowing a crafted EPS file to cause Image.open() to seek backwards to the same directive and parse it repeatedly in an infinite loop. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0.
Articles & Coverage 1
AnalysisAI
Denial of service in Python Pillow 12.0.0 through 12.2.0 lets a remote attacker hang an application by supplying a crafted EPS image whose %%BeginBinary directive declares a negative byte count, causing the EPS parser to seek backwards and re-parse the same directive forever. Any service that calls Image.open() on attacker-supplied EPS data is affected until upgraded to 12.3.0. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | The target application must accept attacker-influenced EPS input and pass it to Pillow's Image.open() (or otherwise invoke EpsImagePlugin), running an affected version 12.0.0-12.2.0. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, 7.5 HIGH) is internally consistent for an availability-only DoS: no confidentiality or integrity impact, low complexity, and no privileges or interaction beyond getting the target to parse the file. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker uploads a crafted EPS file (or supplies one via a URL the service fetches) to any endpoint that thumbnails or converts images with Pillow. When the backend calls Image.open() on the file, the EPS parser enters an infinite loop and the worker process pegs a CPU core and never returns, so repeated submissions exhaust the worker pool and take the service offline. … |
| Remediation | Vendor-released patch: upgrade to Pillow 12.3.0 (pip install --upgrade 'Pillow>=12.3.0'), which adds validation rejecting a negative %%BeginBinary bytecount; see GHSA-pg7v-jwj7-p798 and the 12.3.0 release notes at https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases/tag/12.3.0. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours, conduct an inventory of all services and applications using Python Pillow and identify which process EPS images or accept untrusted image data. …
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