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WatchGuard Fireware OS CVE-2026-113881

| EUVDEUVD-2026-111151 MEDIUM
Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)
2026-10-27 WatchGuard GHSA-8x2m-g3f8-rjfh
6.1
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: WatchGuard
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as mobile VPN user
  2. Delivery
    Send specially crafted request to Network Access Enforcement process
  3. Exploit
    Overflow stack buffer (CWE-121)
  4. Execution
    Crash process or run unprivileged code
  5. Impact
    Denial of service / limited code execution

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Stack buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the WatchGuard Mobile VPN feature to be in use and the attacker to be an authenticated mobile VPN user (PR:L), reaching the VPN Network Access Enforcement process with a specially crafted request; the 4.0 vector's AT:P indicates an additional attack-specific requirement must also be satisfied for the trigger to succeed. Limiting factors: valid VPN authentication is mandatory (no anonymous exploitation), the device must have mobile VPN configured, and the code-execution outcome is only 'potential' and confined to an unprivileged process; the primary guaranteed outcome is a denial of service. The exact nature of the triggering request and the AT:P condition are not detailed in the available sources.

Impact

This is a moderate, not emergency-tier, priority. The input CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N) scores 6.1 and shows the weakness is reachable over the network but NOT by an anonymous attacker: PR:L confirms the attacker must already be an authenticated mobile VPN user, and AT:P indicates a specific attack requirement must be met for the trigger to succeed. Impact is bounded - VA:H reflects the clearly-described denial of service, while VC:L/VI:L reflect only the 'potentially execute arbitrary code as an unprivileged process' outcome, which is explicitly unprivileged rather than root/kernel. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_month' (not act_now/emergency), consistent with a patch being available and no active-exploitation signal. There is no CISA KEV listing and no EPSS value supplied, so exploitation probability cannot be quantified from this data; there is also no PoC or exploit reference in the input. The main tension is between the sensational tags ('RCE') and the actual metrics: the code-execution path is only 'potential' and unprivileged, and it requires prior VPN authentication, so this should be treated as an authenticated DoS with a possible limited code-execution upside - real but lower-urgency than an unauthenticated RCE. Confirm EPSS/KEV independently before deprioritizing, since both are simply absent here rather than confirmed-negative.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who already holds valid mobile VPN credentials (or has compromised a legitimate VPN user's account) connects to a WatchGuard firewall and sends a specially crafted request to the VPN Network Access Enforcement process, overflowing a stack buffer. This reliably crashes the process to cause a denial of service and may allow execution of attacker-controlled code as an unprivileged process. No public exploit code or PoC reference is present in the available data.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 28, 2026

Stack-based buffer overflow in WatchGuard Fireware OS lets an authenticated mobile VPN user crash the VPN Network Access Enforcement process and potentially run arbitrary code as an unprivileged process by sending a crafted request. Mobile VPN must be configured and valid VPN credentials are required; the independent assessment rates this as moderate priority, not emergency-tier, with denial of service as the primary assured impact and code execution only potential. Affected releases are Fireware OS 2025.1 before 2026.4 and 12.9 before 12.12.4; a vendor patch is available, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

Upgrade to a fixed Fireware OS release: 2026.4 or later for the 2025.1 branch, and 12.12.4 or later for the 12.9 branch. A vendor patch is available, and the advisory at https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-113881 should be used to confirm the exact update path and any model-specific instructions. The available sources do not provide a specific workaround; until patched, exposure is limited to systems with Mobile VPN configured and requires valid VPN authentication, so the vendor advisory should be consulted for interim guidance.

Affected VersionsENISA

Fireware OS 2025.1 <2026.4
Fireware OS 12.9 <12.12.4

Affected Packages

euvd fireware_os fix: 12.12.4, 2026.4

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw is CWE-121, a stack-based buffer overflow, in the VPN Network Access Enforcement process of WatchGuard Fireware OS. CWE-121 identifies a stack-based buffer overflow in which data written to a stack buffer exceeds its bounds; the available sources do not describe the exact crafted request structure or the AT:P condition. Exploitation requires the Mobile VPN feature to be configured and the attacker to authenticate as a mobile VPN user (PR:L in the supplied vectors); the CVSS 4.0 vector's AT:P indicates an additional attack-specific prerequisite, reflected as AC:H in the independent CVSS 3.1 assessment. A successful trigger can terminate the enforcement process, producing high availability impact, and may allow code execution in an unprivileged process. The affected CPE is cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os, covering 2025.1 before 2026.4 and 12.9 before 12.12.4.

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Severity by source

Vendor (WatchGuard) PRIMARY 6.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 6.4 MEDIUM

Authenticated VPN user gives PR:L; the 4.0 AT:P attack requirement maps to AC:H in 3.1; DoS drives A:H while only unprivileged, potential code execution gives C:L/I:L.

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (WatchGuard).

CVSS VectorVendor: WatchGuard

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

1
Patch available
Oct 27, 2026 - 17:18 EUVD

DescriptionCVE.org

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fireware OS's VPN Network Access Enforcement process allows an authenticated mobile VPN user to create a denial of service condition and potentially execute arbitrary code as an unprivileged process by sending a specially crafted request.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 71% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
WatchGuard Fireware firewall appliances: common SMB/enterprise vendor, not ubiquitous
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

30
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +30
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

CVE-2026-103594 CRITICAL
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Unauthenticated handling of FireCluster Sync traffic in WatchGuard Fireware OS lets an attacker who already holds a posi

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Remote code execution in WatchGuard Fireware OS is possible via a heap overflow (CWE-122) in the iked (IKE/IPsec key man

CVE-2026-19318 CRITICAL
9.3 Aug 27

Remote code execution in WatchGuard Fireware OS affects the iked (IKE/IPsec VPN key-exchange) daemon, where a stack-base

CVE-2026-19315 CRITICAL
9.3 Aug 27

Remote code execution in WatchGuard Fireware OS affects the iked IKE/IPsec VPN daemon, where a memory-safety defect lets

CVE-2026-13086 CRITICAL
9.3 Aug 27

Remote code execution in WatchGuard Fireware OS affects the epm (Endpoint Protection Manager) service tied to the deprec

CVE-2026-13368 CRITICAL
9.2 Jul 02

Remote code execution in WatchGuard Fireware OS affects Fireboxes running a Mobile User VPN with IKEv2 that authenticate

CVE-2026-93857 CRITICAL
9.2 Oct 27

Remote code execution in WatchGuard Fireware OS can be triggered by a crafted SIP request when the Firebox configuration

CVE-2026-93865 CRITICAL
9.2 Oct 27

Missing authentication in the Fireware OS FireCluster synchronization daemon lets remote, unauthenticated attackers invo

CVE-2026-93866 CRITICAL
9.2 Oct 27

Heap-based out-of-bounds write in WatchGuard Fireware OS Access Portal allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to corru

CVE-2026-112709 CRITICAL
9.2 Oct 27

Heap-based buffer overflow in the WatchGuard Fireware OS authentication service lets an attacker who controls or interce

CVE-2026-112710 CRITICAL
9.2 Oct 27

Heap-based buffer overflow in the WatchGuard Fireware OS authentication service can let an attacker who controls or inte

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