What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-48478?

CVE-2025-48478 has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 7.0 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-48478?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-48478. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-48478?

Within 30 days: Identify all affected systems and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Vendor patch is available.

Freescout CVE-2025-48478

HIGH

Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow (CWE-841)

2025-05-30 security-advisories@github.com

Information Disclosure Freescout

7.0

CVSS 4.0 · GitHub Advisory

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-841 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2025 - Insecure Design ASVS 5.0 V2 - Validation and Business Logic Workflow enforcement
Impact	CVSS score of 7.0 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, high privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.13%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).

Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-841. FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.180, insufficient input validation during user creation has resulted in a mass assignment vulnerability, allowing an attacker to manipulate all fields of the object, which are enumerated in the $fillable array (the User object), when creating a new user. This issue has been patched in version 1.8.180. Affected products include: Freescout. Version information: version 1.8.180.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 7.0 HIGH

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Attack Requirements

None

Privileges Required

High

User Interaction

None

Vulnerable system: Confidentiality

High

Vulnerable system: Integrity

Low

Vulnerable system: Availability

None

Subsequent system: Confidentiality

None

Subsequent system: Integrity

None

Subsequent system: Availability

None

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Mar 28, 2026 - 18:44 nvd

Patch available

PoC Detected

Jun 04, 2025 - 15:36 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

May 30, 2025 - 05:15 nvd

HIGH 7.0

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.180, insufficient input validation during user creation has resulted in a mass assignment vulnerability, allowing an attacker to manipulate all fields of the object, which are enumerated in the $fillable array (the User object), when creating a new user. This issue has been patched in version 1.8.180.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using FreeScout face moderate risk from CVE-2025-48478 rated CVSS 7.0. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation. A patch is available and should be applied as part of regular vulnerability management.

Business Impact: Moderate

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 68% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity HIGH

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +35

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.