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Freescout CVE-2026-32754

CRITICAL
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79)
2026-03-19 GitHub_M
9.3
CVSS 3.1 · GitHub Advisory
View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Send email with malicious HTML/JavaScript payload
  2. Delivery
    Payload stored unsanitized in database
  3. Exploit
    Email notification rendered with unescaped Blade syntax
  4. Execution
    Malicious script executes in agent's browser
  5. Impact
    Steal session cookies or admin credentials

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

FreeScout versions 1.8.208 and below. Unauthenticated attacker sends crafted email with malicious HTML/JavaScript payload. Victim (subscribed agent or admin) must open the email notification in their normal workflow. Vulnerability exists because email bodies stored unsanitized and rendered unescaped in Blade templates using {!! $thread->body !!}.

Impact

This vulnerability presents a critical real-world risk with a CVSS score of 9.3, driven by network-based attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), and no authentication requirement (PR:N). The changed scope (S:C) indicates the vulnerability impacts resources beyond the vulnerable component itself, affecting all email recipients. While user interaction is required (UI:R), this occurs naturally as agents open support tickets as part of their normal workflow. The high confidentiality and integrity impacts (C:H/I:H) reflect potential for session hijacking and account takeover. The lack of EPSS data and absence from CISA KEV catalog suggests no known active exploitation yet, but the trivial exploitation requirement (simply sending an email) and the existence of a public advisory make this a high-priority patch candidate for organizations using FreeScout.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends a support email containing malicious JavaScript code embedded in HTML to the FreeScout helpdesk email address. When support agents receive the automatic email notification about the new ticket, the malicious code executes in their email client, potentially stealing session cookies or redirecting to phishing sites. Since the attack requires only sending an email with no authentication and affects all agents simultaneously through the notification system, this represents a highly scalable attack vector for targeting support teams.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 19, 2026

A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in FreeScout help desk software versions 1.8.208 and below, where malicious email content is stored unsanitized and executed when email notifications are sent to agents. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by simply sending a specially crafted email that executes malicious scripts when viewed by support staff in their email clients, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, and account takeover. The vulnerability has a critical CVSS score of 9.3 due to its ease of exploitation and broad impact across all notification recipients.

RemediationAI

Upgrade FreeScout to version 1.8.209 or later immediately, which includes the security fix documented in commit 3329379db38a86cf7069b0709061b95a7d38985b. The patched version is available at https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/releases/tag/1.8.209. Until patching is possible, consider implementing email content filtering at the mail server level to strip HTML content from incoming emails, though this may impact legitimate formatting. Additionally, ensure agents use email clients with robust XSS protections and disable automatic loading of external content in emails.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

FreeScout is a PHP Laravel-based help desk application (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:freescout-help-desk:freescout:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) that processes incoming support emails and generates notification emails to agents. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of input during web page generation (CWE-79), specifically in the email notification template system where email bodies are rendered using Blade's raw output syntax {!! $thread->body !!} without proper sanitization. This allows HTML and potentially JavaScript code from incoming emails to be stored in the database and later executed in the context of email clients when notifications are sent, creating a stored XSS condition that affects all recipients of the notification emails.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 9.3 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Versions 1.8.208 and below are vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) through FreeScout's email notification templates. Incoming email bodies are stored in the database without sanitization and rendered unescaped in outgoing email notifications using Blade's raw output syntax {!! $thread->body !!}. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by simply sending an email, and when opened by any subscribed agent or admin as part of their normal workflow, enabling universal HTML injection (phishing, tracking) and, in vulnerable email clients, JavaScript execution (session hijacking, credential theft, account takeover) affecting all recipients simultaneously. This issue has been fixed in version 1.8.209.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

FreeScout help desk systems running version 1.8.208 or below are vulnerable to stored XSS attacks through email notifications, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious code that affects all staff members who open emails. This creates immediate risk of credential theft, account takeover, and phishing attacks targeting your entire support team and potentially customers interacting with your help desk.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Disable HTML rendering in email notification templates and force plain-text delivery; implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to strip or block script tags and event handlers in email body content before storage; restrict help desk staff email client capabilities to plain-text viewing only; segment help desk systems from critical infrastructure; disable external email notifications and use in-application notifications only; implement email gateway filtering to detect and block common XSS payloads in inbound mail.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 79% exploitable
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

46
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +46
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.

Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory

cpe:2.3:a:freescout-help-desk:freescout:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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10.0 Mar 03

File upload bypass in FreeScout 1.8.206 — patch bypass for CVE-2026-27636. PoC and patch available. CVSS 10.0.

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CVE-2025-58163 HIGH POC
8.6 Sep 03

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CVE-2024-29184 HIGH POC
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CVE-2024-28186 HIGH POC
7.1 Mar 12

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CVE-2024-34698 MEDIUM POC
6.3 May 14

FreeScout is a free, self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is r

CVE-2024-34697 MEDIUM POC
6.1 May 14

FreeScout is a free, self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is r

CVE-2026-41193 CRITICAL
9.1 Apr 21

Arbitrary file write in FreeScout (prior to 1.8.215) allows authenticated administrators to achieve remote code executio

CVE-2026-41902 CRITICAL
9.1 May 07

Unauthenticated account takeover in FreeScout versions prior to 1.8.217 allows remote attackers to gain permanent access

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