Freescout
CVE-2026-32754
CRITICAL
Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessSend email with malicious HTML/JavaScript payload
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DeliveryPayload stored unsanitized in database
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ExploitEmail notification rendered with unescaped Blade syntax
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ExecutionMalicious script executes in agent's browser
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ImpactSteal session cookies or admin credentials
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | FreeScout versions 1.8.208 and below. Unauthenticated attacker sends crafted email with malicious HTML/JavaScript payload. Victim (subscribed agent or admin) must open the email notification in their normal workflow. Vulnerability exists because email bodies stored unsanitized and rendered unescaped in Blade templates using {!! $thread->body !!}. |
| Impact | This vulnerability presents a critical real-world risk with a CVSS score of 9.3, driven by network-based attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), and no authentication requirement (PR:N). The changed scope (S:C) indicates the vulnerability impacts resources beyond the vulnerable component itself, affecting all email recipients. While user interaction is required (UI:R), this occurs naturally as agents open support tickets as part of their normal workflow. The high confidentiality and integrity impacts (C:H/I:H) reflect potential for session hijacking and account takeover. The lack of EPSS data and absence from CISA KEV catalog suggests no known active exploitation yet, but the trivial exploitation requirement (simply sending an email) and the existence of a public advisory make this a high-priority patch candidate for organizations using FreeScout. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker sends a support email containing malicious JavaScript code embedded in HTML to the FreeScout helpdesk email address. When support agents receive the automatic email notification about the new ticket, the malicious code executes in their email client, potentially stealing session cookies or redirecting to phishing sites. Since the attack requires only sending an email with no authentication and affects all agents simultaneously through the notification system, this represents a highly scalable attack vector for targeting support teams. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 19, 2026
A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in FreeScout help desk software versions 1.8.208 and below, where malicious email content is stored unsanitized and executed when email notifications are sent to agents. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by simply sending a specially crafted email that executes malicious scripts when viewed by support staff in their email clients, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, and account takeover. The vulnerability has a critical CVSS score of 9.3 due to its ease of exploitation and broad impact across all notification recipients.
RemediationAI
Upgrade FreeScout to version 1.8.209 or later immediately, which includes the security fix documented in commit 3329379db38a86cf7069b0709061b95a7d38985b. The patched version is available at https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/releases/tag/1.8.209. Until patching is possible, consider implementing email content filtering at the mail server level to strip HTML content from incoming emails, though this may impact legitimate formatting. Additionally, ensure agents use email clients with robust XSS protections and disable automatic loading of external content in emails.
Affects your stack
Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
FreeScout is a PHP Laravel-based help desk application (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:freescout-help-desk:freescout:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) that processes incoming support emails and generates notification emails to agents. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of input during web page generation (CWE-79), specifically in the email notification template system where email bodies are rendered using Blade's raw output syntax {!! $thread->body !!} without proper sanitization. This allows HTML and potentially JavaScript code from incoming emails to be stored in the database and later executed in the context of email clients when notifications are sent, creating a stored XSS condition that affects all recipients of the notification emails.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory
DescriptionGitHub Advisory
FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Versions 1.8.208 and below are vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) through FreeScout's email notification templates. Incoming email bodies are stored in the database without sanitization and rendered unescaped in outgoing email notifications using Blade's raw output syntax {!! $thread->body !!}. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by simply sending an email, and when opened by any subscribed agent or admin as part of their normal workflow, enabling universal HTML injection (phishing, tracking) and, in vulnerable email clients, JavaScript execution (session hijacking, credential theft, account takeover) affecting all recipients simultaneously. This issue has been fixed in version 1.8.209.
Executive ViewAI
FreeScout help desk systems running version 1.8.208 or below are vulnerable to stored XSS attacks through email notifications, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious code that affects all staff members who open emails. This creates immediate risk of credential theft, account takeover, and phishing attacks targeting your entire support team and potentially customers interacting with your help desk.
Disable HTML rendering in email notification templates and force plain-text delivery; implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to strip or block script tags and event handlers in email body content before storage; restrict help desk staff email client capabilities to plain-text viewing only; segment help desk systems from critical infrastructure; disable external email notifications and use in-application notifications only; implement email gateway filtering to detect and block common XSS payloads in inbound mail.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory
File upload bypass in FreeScout 1.8.206 — patch bypass for CVE-2026-27636. PoC and patch available. CVSS 10.0.
Remote code execution in FreeScout prior to version 1.8.206 allows authenticated users to upload `.htaccess` files that
Predictable password reset tokens in FreeScout help desk before 1.8.206. Weak random number generation allows attackers
Anonymous account takeover in FreeScout help desk before 1.8.224 lets an unauthenticated attacker seize the lowest-id ac
FreeScout is a self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remot
FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this
FreeScout is a self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely
FreeScout is an open source help desk and shared inbox built with PHP. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerabilit
FreeScout is a free, self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is r
FreeScout is a free, self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is r
Arbitrary file write in FreeScout (prior to 1.8.215) allows authenticated administrators to achieve remote code executio
Unauthenticated account takeover in FreeScout versions prior to 1.8.217 allows remote attackers to gain permanent access
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
GitHub
VulDB
Exploit-DB