SQL injection in CloudClassroom-PHP Project v1.0 exposes the application to remote, unauthenticated database manipulation via the `viewid` parameter. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) confirms zero prerequisites - any internet-accessible instance is directly exploitable without credentials. A publicly available proof-of-concept exists on GitHub, though EPSS at 0.31% (23rd percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability at time of analysis, consistent with the obscure deployment footprint of this niche educational PHP application. No active exploitation is confirmed in CISA KEV.
Stored cross-site scripting in tawk.to Live Chat 1.6.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject persistent JavaScript payloads via the chat widget, which execute in the browsers of support agents or site administrators who view the tainted transcripts. The CVSS 3.1 Scope:Changed metric confirms the injected script executes in the victim's browser origin, enabling session hijacking or credential theft against the hosting site - not merely the chat platform. A public proof-of-concept is available on GitHub; no CISA KEV listing exists and EPSS sits at 0.43% (35th percentile), indicating low current mass-exploitation but a meaningful attacker-accessible entry point given the lowered skill bar from the POC.
SQL injection in ABC Courier Management System 1.0 allows remote attackers to inject malicious SQL via the reciver_name parameter in /Add_reciver.php. Publicly available exploit code exists, though no active exploitation has been reported and EPSS probability is low (0.07%). The vulnerability can lead to
SQL injection in Church Donation System 1.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries via the Username parameter in /admin/index.php. A public exploit is available, and the vulnerability is confirmed by vendor disclosure.
Remote root access in Gardyn Home Kit Firmware via SSH private key compromise allows authenticated remote attackers with high privileges to execute arbitrary commands as root on affected devices. The vulnerability stems from improper cryptographic key management (CWE-321) and carries a CVSS score of 6.6; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been independently confirmed at the time of analysis.
Server-Side Request Forgery in Apwide Golive 10.2.0 for Jira allows an attacker to abuse the plugin's test webhook function to induce the server to issue HTTP requests to arbitrary internal or external hosts. The vulnerability carries a scope-changed CVSS vector (S:C), meaning requests escape the plugin's trust boundary and can reach internal network resources invisible to the attacker. With an EPSS of 0.29% (20th percentile) and no active exploitation confirmed in CISA KEV, real-world risk is currently low, but the SSRF primitive could enable internal service enumeration or SSRF-chained attacks against cloud metadata endpoints on Jira-hosting infrastructure.
HTTP denial-of-service in Kron Technologies Kron PAM (all versions before 3.7) allows a low-privileged authenticated remote attacker to exhaust server resources through unthrottled HTTP request processing. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) confirms the attack is network-reachable at low complexity, requiring only a valid user account, with full availability impact and no scope change. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability has not been added to the CISA KEV catalog; EPSS sits at 0.28% (52nd percentile), indicating low-to-moderate real-world exploitation probability at time of analysis.
Stored Cross-Site Scripting in Kron Technologies Kron PAM (versions before 3.7) allows a highly privileged authenticated attacker to inject persistent malicious scripts into the application that execute in the browsers of other users who view the affected content. Despite the high privilege required to plant the payload, the impact is rated High on both confidentiality and integrity - a realistic concern in Privileged Access Management platforms where session hijacking or credential harvesting against super-administrators carries severe downstream risk. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low at 0.18% (40th percentile).
Incorrect DMA unmap length in the Linux kernel bnxt_en driver during XDP_REDIRECT packet transmission triggers kernel warnings and potential availability disruption on systems with IOMMU enabled. Systems running Broadcom NetXtreme Ethernet adapters with IOMMU active and XDP_REDIRECT workloads are affected across multiple stable kernel branches. No public exploit exists and EPSS sits at 0.17% (7th percentile), marking this as a stability and correctness bug rather than a targeted security threat; no active exploitation has been identified.
Kernel crash via use-after-teardown in the Linux perf subsystem allows a local low-privileged user to trigger a denial of service by exploiting a lifecycle ordering bug in do_exit(). Perf event sampling (PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN, PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER) occurs after exit_mmap() has already begun dismantling the process address space, causing the kernel to access unmapped or MMIO memory - confirmed on ARM64 as a synchronous external abort. Multiple stable kernel branches are affected, patches are available across eight upstream stable commits and Debian LTS; no active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and EPSS is 0.17% (7th percentile).
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel ACPICA interpreter crashes the system when platform firmware AML calls a method with fewer arguments than its definition requires. Local attackers with low privileges on systems running such buggy firmware can trigger a kernel panic, resulting in a denial of service. No public exploit code exists and EPSS sits at 0.17% (6th percentile), reflecting the narrow firmware-dependent trigger condition and limited exploitation interest.
NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel ATM CLIP subsystem's to_atmarpd() function causes local denial of service via kernel panic. Systems running the ATM CLIP networking subsystem are affected across a broad range of kernel versions dating back to 2.6.12. A local, low-privileged attacker can trigger the flaw by causing neighbor solicitation (clip_neigh_solicit) to invoke to_atmarpd() without the required RTNL lock, allowing a race window where atmarpd can be dereferenced while NULL or concurrently freed. No public exploit exists and EPSS is 0.16% (6th percentile), reflecting the niche deployment footprint of ATM networking.
NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel SCSI target subsystem crashes the kernel when processing a malformed SCSI-3 Persistent Reservation SPEC_I_PT command. A local, low-privileged user with access to SCSI target infrastructure can trigger the bug by issuing a PR SPEC_I_PT operation that fails to locate the destination target port group, causing `core_scsi3_decode_spec_i_port()` to call `core_scsi3_lunacl_undepend_item()` with a NULL `dest_se_deve` pointer. Impact is limited to a denial-of-service kernel panic; no exploitation is confirmed in CISA KEV, and EPSS sits at the 5th percentile, indicating very low real-world exploitation probability.
Kernel denial-of-service on RISC-V Linux systems stems from a flawed optimization to the access_ok() boundary check that allowed invalid addresses between TASK_SIZE and LONG_MAX to pass validation. Commit ad5643cf2f69 set TASK_SIZE_MAX to LONG_MAX for performance, but get_user_pages_fast() - invoked by syscalls such as futex() - trusts access_ok() and does not rely on hardware-level rejection of those addresses, triggering kernel faults. A local low-privileged user on an affected RISC-V system can cause a kernel crash; no public exploit is identified and EPSS probability is 0.16% (5th percentile), consistent with RISC-V's limited deployment footprint.
Denial of service in the Linux kernel's dell-wmi-sysman platform driver allows a local low-privileged user to crash the system by triggering an invalid pointer dereference in sysfs callbacks. The driver fails to validate WMI data block pointers after retrieval before dereferencing them, affecting Dell hardware running unpatched kernel versions including the 6.16-rc series and Debian Linux 11.0. No active exploitation has been confirmed - EPSS sits at the 5th percentile and the vulnerability is absent from CISA KEV, making this a low-urgency patch for most environments.
Btrfs log replay in the Linux kernel crashes due to use of an uninitialized variable in extended reference (extref) iteration, causing a kernel denial of service for local users. In `__inode_add_ref()`, a `goto` jump skips the initialization of `victim_name.len`, so the next loop iteration reads an undefined stack value and performs an invalid memory access. No public exploit code exists and EPSS places exploitation probability at 0.16% (5th percentile), confirming negligible active-exploitation risk; this is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Race condition in the Linux kernel's MHI (Mobile Host Interface) endpoint driver allows a local low-privileged user to trigger data corruption by exploiting a premature read pointer update in mhi_ep_ring_add_element. Specifically, rd_offset is advanced before the ring buffer element is fully written, allowing the remote host to read uninitialized or incomplete data from the MHI ring - resulting in data corruption and potential availability loss. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; four stable-branch patches are available at kernel.org.
Continuous kernel memory exhaustion in the Linux nvmet (NVMe-over-Fabrics target) subsystem leaks kmalloc-128 slab entries via bio->bi_integrity on every NVMe command with metadata, eventually degrading or denying service on affected target systems. Systems running Linux kernel through 6.16-rc4 as NVMe-oF targets and processing metadata-bearing I/O commands are affected. No public exploit code exists and EPSS is 0.15% (5th percentile), indicating low near-term exploitation probability; this is a correctness regression from a kernel block-layer change rather than a security-targeted attack surface.
Incorrect frame length validation in the Linux kernel's virtio-net XDP socket (AF_XDP/XSK) receive path allows a local low-privileged attacker to trigger a kernel availability failure. The `buf_to_xdp` function incorrectly permits the first receive buffer's frame data to reach `xsk_pool_get_rx_frame_size() + vi->hdr_len` bytes, when the virtio header already occupies space within that first buffer, capping valid data at `xsk_pool_get_rx_frame_size()`. No public exploit code has been identified and EPSS sits at the 5th percentile, reflecting low real-world exploitation probability at this time.
Kernel crash via NULL pointer dereference in the KVM SVM subsystem affects Linux systems running AMD SEV or SEV-ES confidential computing workloads when intra-host VM migration and vCPU creation race concurrently. A local attacker with KVM ioctl access can trigger the race to produce an SEV-ES VM containing a non-SEV-ES vCPU, causing a kernel page fault when that vCPU is freed - crashing the host and all running guests. No public exploit has been identified and EPSS sits at 0.15% (5th percentile), reflecting the narrow, specialized deployment conditions required.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel's DRM/GEM graphics subsystem allows a local user to crash the kernel by prematurely releasing a GEM handle while its buffer object remains attached to a DRM framebuffer, freeing the underlying dma-buf. Drivers using shadow planes to vmap the dma-buf during page flips (notably drm_gem_shmem-based drivers) then dereference the freed pointer during mode-setting, producing a kernel OOPS or WARNING and a denial of service. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis; EPSS at 0.15% (4th percentile) confirms exploitation is rare and targeted rather than opportunistic.
Kernel warning triggering denial of service in the Linux SMB client subsystem affects systems using SMB multichannel. During channel reconnection in smb2_reconnect_server(), a dummy tcon structure with an uninitialized ->query_interface pointer is incorrectly passed to smb2_reconnect(), which then calls queue_delayed_work() on the invalid struct, firing a WARN_ON in the kernel workqueue at __queue_delayed_work+0x1d2/0x200. The result is potential kernel instability or crash on any Linux host using CIFS multichannel mounts; no active exploitation is confirmed, EPSS is 0.15% (4th percentile), and upstream patch commits are available across multiple stable branches.
Kernel denial-of-service in the Linux kernel TCP write path allows local, low-privileged users to corrupt the socket's forward memory allocation counter, potentially triggering a kernel panic or system instability. The flaw stems from a signedness mismatch in the skb remaining-space calculation where implicit C type promotion causes a large unsigned wraparound value to be zero-extended into a signed 64-bit variable, driving sk_forward_alloc toward INT_MAX. No public exploit identified at time of analysis beyond a Syzkaller fuzzer reproducer; EPSS of 0.15% (4th percentile) reflects low near-term exploitation probability and CISA KEV does not list this CVE.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel io_uring msg_ring subsystem allows a local, low-privileged attacker to crash the kernel via denial of service. Specifically, io_kiocb request objects allocated by msg_ring are freed immediately rather than deferred through an RCU grace period, creating a race where task_work addition races against premature object reclamation. Confirmed by KASAN via syzbot on 6.16-rc4; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is negligible at 0.14% (4th percentile).
Unsafe XArray access in the Linux kernel's RDMA mlx5_ib driver causes a lockdep warning and potential kernel panic on systems using Mellanox/NVIDIA InfiniBand hardware with implicit On-Demand Paging (ODP). The non-locking xarray variants __xa_store() and __xa_erase() were called inside the mlx5 page fault handler pagefault_mr() without holding the required XArray spinlock, violating RCU protection invariants. A local low-privilege user on an affected system can trigger this condition via RDMA page fault events, causing kernel denial of service. No public exploit exists and EPSS is at the 4th percentile, indicating this is a kernel stability concern rather than an imminent exploitation target.
Vector register context corruption in the Linux kernel's RISC-V xtheadvector extension causes registers v8-v31 to be damaged during context save/restore operations, breaking userspace processes that rely on those registers. Affected systems must be running RISC-V hardware with the T-Head (xtheadvector) vendor extension and a Linux kernel prior to the stable tree fix. No public exploit exists and EPSS is extremely low (0.14%, 4th percentile), reflecting both the narrow hardware scope and the local-only attack vector; no active exploitation confirmed.
Out-of-bounds heap write in the Linux kernel's spi-qpic-snand driver corrupts kernel memory on Qualcomm NAND-equipped devices, resulting in kernel panics, swiotlb mapping failures, and spinlock corruption. The flaw triggers whenever NAND flash operations require more than one codeword - a quantity determined by the chip's page size that is unknown at probe time - causing the BAM transaction buffer, allocated for only a single codeword, to be overrun. Real-world impact is denial of service via kernel crash; EPSS is 0.13% (3rd percentile), no public exploit exists, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in Linux kernel nfsd (NFS server daemon) allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system by triggering undefined behavior in nfsd4_spo_must_allow() when non-v4 compound RPC requests are processed. The vulnerability stems from missing validation that incoming RPC procedures are NFSv4 COMPOUND requests before examining internal state structures, causing memory access violations and system unavailability.
Linux kernel uprobes implementation allows local privileged users to cause denial of service by placing probes at invalid instruction boundaries, exploiting variable-length instruction decoding and mixing of data in text segments on architectures like ARM64. The vulnerability requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability, limiting exposure to privileged local attackers. Patch available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.16-rc1 through rc4 and earlier versions).
A null pointer dereference vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel's interrupt simulation (genirq/irq_sim) subsystem where uninitialized pointers in the work context can be dereferenced, leading to kernel denial of service. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions including 6.16-rc1 and 6.16-rc2, and potentially earlier stable releases. A local attacker with unprivileged user privileges can trigger a kernel crash by invoking interrupt simulation functionality, causing system unavailability. Patches are available from the Linux kernel stable repositories, and exploitation probability is low (EPSS 0.02%, percentile 6%) despite the moderate CVSS score of 5.5.
Linux kernel RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) header validation in the AMD GPU driver (amdgpu) lacks input sanitization, allowing a local authenticated attacker to trigger denial of service through excessive memory allocation when reading corrupted EEPROM data. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions with the vulnerable amdgpu driver code path and requires local access with standard user privileges. No public exploit code has been identified; the EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low real-world exploitation probability despite the moderate CVSS 5.5 rating.
Integer wraparound in Linux kernel netlink socket receive buffer accounting allows local authenticated attackers to exhaust kernel memory by bypassing receive buffer limits via integer overflow in sk_rmem_alloc comparison. An attacker with local access can set SO_RCVBUFFORCE to INT_MAX, causing the receive buffer check to always evaluate false and permitting unlimited socket buffer allocation until out-of-memory conditions occur. CVSS 5.5 indicates local denial of service with potential system-wide impact; no active exploitation confirmed but vulnerability affects all Linux distributions.
Denial of service in Linux kernel traffic control (qdisc) subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system by creating or modifying queue disciplines with invalid parent class references. When certain qdiscs (fq, hhf, choke, etc.) invoke qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog during initialization with a null parent class, they trigger an unhandled null pointer dereference. No active exploitation confirmed (KEV not listed), but CVSS 5.5 reflects local privilege requirement with high availability impact.
A general protection fault (GPF) in the Linux kernel's md-bitmap module affects the bitmap_get_stats() function when reading bitmap statistics for RAID devices with external bitmaps. Local users with sufficient privileges can trigger a kernel panic by accessing bitmap statistics through the /proc interface, causing denial of service. The vulnerability stems from incomplete validation of bitmap storage configuration introduced by a prior fix that failed to properly check superblock validity for both internal and external bitmap modes.
Linux kernel DRM scheduler fails to signal scheduled fences when killing job entities, causing dependent applications to hang indefinitely waiting for unresolved dependencies. Authenticated local users can trigger this denial of service by terminating applications whose job dependencies are not properly cleared during entity kill operations. The vulnerability affects multiple Linux kernel versions and has been patched upstream.
Linux kernel NFS subsystem fails to clean up /proc/net/rpc/nfs directory when nfs_fs_proc_net_init() encounters a memory allocation failure, causing a warning when rpc_proc_exit() later attempts to remove the non-empty parent directory. The vulnerability affects kernel versions 6.16-rc1 through 6.16-rc3 and likely earlier versions, and requires local privileges to trigger via fault injection or memory pressure. While marked as availability impact (DoS via kernel warning), the practical severity is limited as it primarily causes a procfs resource leak rather than direct system compromise.
Null pointer dereference in Linux kernel maple_tree memory allocator causes denial of service when the MA_STATE_PREALLOC flag is incorrectly managed during node allocation requests. Local authenticated attackers can trigger this via memory operations that request large numbers of nodes, such as VMA merges during mmap_region() calls, leading to WARN_ON() messages followed by kernel crash. Affects Linux kernel versions including 6.16 release candidates and is confirmed patched in stable branches.
Btrfs in the Linux kernel contains a race condition between same-directory rename operations and directory inode logging that can cause permanent, unrecoverable file loss after a crash or power failure. When a rename removes the old directory entry but has not yet inserted the new one, a concurrent fsync of a related inode can log the parent directory in this transient, inconsistent state and persist it to the log tree. If a power failure occurs immediately after that log flush, log replay on the next mount deletes the renamed file entirely, with no remaining hard links to recover it. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; the EPSS score of 0.11% (2nd percentile) reflects low opportunistic exploitation probability, though the impact for affected btrfs deployments is severe and permanent.
Kernel denial-of-service in the Linux vsock subsystem allows a local low-privileged user to crash the system by winning a race between transport assignment and module unload, causing a stale pointer dereference in `vsock_assign_transport()`. The impact is limited strictly to availability - a kernel panic/oops - with no confidentiality or integrity loss. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and EPSS at 0.11% (2nd percentile) reflects the high attack complexity required to reliably win the race condition.
NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's mlx5e Ethernet driver (mlx5_core module) causes kernel panic on systems equipped with Mellanox/NVIDIA ConnectX NICs. The race condition between DIM (Dynamic Interrupt Moderation) teardown and concurrent NAPI polling allows a local attacker with low privileges to crash the system, resulting in a complete denial of service. No public exploit code exists and EPSS is 0.11% (1st percentile), indicating near-zero opportunistic exploitation risk; however, the crash can also be triggered spontaneously on production systems under heavy NIC load during DIM reconfiguration.
Race condition in Linux kernel NFSv4/pNFS layout draining allows local authenticated users to trigger denial of service through system hangs in writeback operations. The vulnerability exists in pnfs_update_layout() where a waiter on the NFS_LAYOUT_DRAIN bit can race with the waker when plh_outstanding count reaches zero, causing threads to block indefinitely on page locks. Patch available from upstream kernel stable branches.