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Linux Kernel CVE-2025-38424

MEDIUM
2025-07-25 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Denial Of Service Linux Debian Red Hat Debian Linux Suse
5.5
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY
5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
vuln.today AI
5.5 MEDIUM

Local-only attack requiring perf_event permission (PR:L); no confidentiality or integrity impact; availability loss is a kernel crash scoped to the vulnerable system.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE
MEDIUM
qualitative
Red Hat
5.5 MEDIUM
qualitative

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Analysis Generated
Jul 30, 2026 - 08:52 vuln.today
CVE Published
Jul 25, 2025 - 15:15 nvd
MEDIUM 5.5

DescriptionNVD

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

perf: Fix sample vs do_exit()

Baisheng Gao reported an ARM64 crash, which Mark decoded as being a synchronous external abort -- most likely due to trying to access MMIO in bad ways.

The crash further shows perf trying to do a user stack sample while in exit_mmap()'s tlb_finish_mmu() -- i.e. while tearing down the address space it is trying to access.

It turns out that we stop perf after we tear down the userspace mm; a receipie for disaster, since perf likes to access userspace for various reasons.

Flip this order by moving up where we stop perf in do_exit().

Additionally, harden PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN and PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER to abort when the current task does not have an mm (exit_mm() makes sure to set current->mm = NULL; before commencing with the actual teardown). Such that CPU wide events don't trip on this same problem.

AnalysisAI

Kernel crash via use-after-teardown in the Linux perf subsystem allows a local low-privileged user to trigger a denial of service by exploiting a lifecycle ordering bug in do_exit(). Perf event sampling (PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN, PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER) occurs after exit_mmap() has already begun dismantling the process address space, causing the kernel to access unmapped or MMIO memory - confirmed on ARM64 as a synchronous external abort. Multiple stable kernel branches are affected, patches are available across eight upstream stable commits and Debian LTS; no active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and EPSS is 0.17% (7th percentile).

Technical ContextAI

The vulnerability resides in the Linux kernel's perf (Performance Events) subsystem, specifically in the do_exit() process teardown sequence. When a process exits, exit_mmap() invokes tlb_finish_mmu() to dismantle the process's virtual address space; only after this does do_exit() stop perf monitoring. This ordering means CPU-wide perf events can attempt PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN or PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER on a task whose mm has already been freed - exit_mm() sets current->mm = NULL before teardown commences. On ARM64, accessing memory in this state triggers a synchronous external abort, likely due to attempting to dereference MMIO-backed addresses. The fix inverts the shutdown order (stop perf before address space teardown) and adds a NULL mm guard in both callchain and user-stack sample paths. CWE is unassigned by NVD, but the root cause maps to a use-after-free/use-after-destruction pattern (analogous to CWE-416) combined with a lifecycle ordering race. Affected products per CPE: cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:* across multiple stable branches, with explicit entries for 6.16-rc1 and 6.16-rc2, and cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0.

RemediationAI

Apply the upstream kernel fix, available across eight stable-branch commits at git.kernel.org/stable/c/ (see references for full commit hashes targeting multiple stable series). Debian 11.0 LTS users should apply the patched kernel packages detailed in the Debian LTS security announcements at lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html and msg00008.html. No exact patched release version number is independently confirmed from the available data beyond the upstream commit references - consult your distribution's security tracker for the specific package version. If immediate patching is not feasible on ARM64 systems running perf profiling workloads, a compensating control is to set perf_event_paranoid to 3 (via sysctl kernel.perf_event_paranoid=3) to block unprivileged perf_event access entirely; this eliminates the non-root exploit path but also disables unprivileged performance monitoring across the system. Alternatively, avoid enabling CPU-wide perf events with user stack or callchain sampling on systems where kernel stability is critical until the patch is applied.

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Moderate
Product Status
Container suse/hpc/warewulf4-x86_64/sle-hpc-node:15.6.17.8.103 Image SLES15-SP6 Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-Aliyun Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-GDC Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-SAP-CCloud Image SLES15-SP6-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-EC2-ECS-HVM Image SLES15-SP6-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAP Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-GCE Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/base-os-container:2.1.3-7.44 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/base-os-container:2.2.1-5.27 Image SL-Micro Image SL-Micro-Azure Image SL-Micro-BYOS-Azure Image SL-Micro-BYOS-EC2 Image SL-Micro-BYOS-GCE Image SL-Micro-EC2 Image SLE-Micro Image SLE-Micro-Azure Image SLE-Micro-BYOS Image SLE-Micro-BYOS-Azure Image SLE-Micro-BYOS-EC2 Image SLE-Micro-BYOS-GCE Image SLE-Micro-EC2 Image SLE-Micro-GCE Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-Azure Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-GCE Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-Azure-llc Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-Azure-ltd Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-Azure Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-GCE Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-EC2-llc Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-EC2-ltd Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/kvm-os-container:2.1.3-6.67 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/kvm-os-container:2.2.1-5.29 Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/rt-os-container:2.1.3-7.76 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/rt-os-container:2.2.1-5.14 Affected
Image SLES-Azure-3P Image SLES-Azure-Basic Image SLES-Azure-Standard Image SLES-BYOS-Azure Image SLES-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES-BYOS-GCE Image SLES-CHOST-BYOS-Aliyun Image SLES-CHOST-BYOS-Azure Image SLES-CHOST-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES-CHOST-BYOS-GCE Image SLES-CHOST-BYOS-GDC Image SLES-CHOST-BYOS-SAP-CCloud Image SLES-EC2 Image SLES-EC2-ECS Image SLES-GCE Image SLES-GCE-3P Image SLES-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES-SAPCAL-GCE Affected

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CVE-2025-38424 vulnerability details – vuln.today
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