Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft PDF with malformed Cloudy Circle annotation
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DeliveryDeliver file to victim via email/download
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ExploitVictim opens PDF in Foxit
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ExecutionTrigger heap out-of-bounds write during rendering
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ImpactMemory corruption enabling crash or code execution
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, write limits
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires the victim to open a specially crafted PDF in Foxit PDF Editor or Reader that contains a Circle annotation with a malformed Cloudy appearance stream whose geometry passes insufficient validation. Exploitation is gated by mandatory user interaction (UI:R) - the file must be opened/rendered - and is local (AV:L), not remotely triggerable against a service. There is no privileged access requirement (PR:N), but the dependence on a user action and a non-standard, deliberately malformed annotation structure substantially limits practical, widespread exploitation. |
| Impact | This is a client-side, file-format memory-corruption bug (CWE-787 heap out-of-bounds write) triggered when Foxit PDF Editor/Reader renders a Circle annotation carrying a malformed 'Cloudy' appearance stream. The vendor CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H = 7.8) correctly models this as local, low-complexity, unauthenticated but user-interaction-gated (the victim must open a crafted PDF). Note an internal tension in the data: the description only asserts 'memory corruption and application crashes' (an availability/DoS outcome), yet the vector claims full C:H/I:H/A:H. Heap OOB writes are a classic RCE primitive, so the high C/I ratings are plausible in principle, but the described impact is not independently corroborated as code execution - treat C:H/I:H as vendor-asserted potential rather than demonstrated. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so there is no evidence of active or imminent exploitation. Real-world risk is moderate: exploitation depends entirely on social-engineering a user into opening a malicious document, and no weaponized exploit is known. Priority should be driven by Foxit's large install base rather than by any exploitation signal. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts a PDF containing a Circle annotation whose Cloudy appearance stream has malformed geometry and delivers it via email or a download link. When the victim opens the file in Foxit PDF Editor or Reader, the rendering path performs an out-of-bounds heap write, corrupting memory and at minimum crashing the application, with potential for attacker-controlled code execution. No public exploit code is currently identified, and successful exploitation requires the user to open the crafted file. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 23, 2026
Memory corruption in Foxit PDF Editor and Reader arises from a heap-based out-of-bounds write (CWE-787) that occurs when the application renders a Circle annotation with a malformed 'Cloudy' appearance stream inside a crafted PDF. The flaw stems from insufficient validation of the annotation's appearance geometry during rendering, requiring the victim to open a malicious file (UI:R) with no privileges needed (PR:N). CVSS is 7.8, but no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the need for user interaction plus a deliberately malformed annotation structure limits practical, widespread exploitation.
RemediationAI
The provided data does not specify a fixed version; consult the Foxit security bulletins page at https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html for the latest patched release of Foxit PDF Editor and Reader and apply it as soon as it is available. Because the vulnerability is triggered only when a user opens a crafted PDF, immediate compensating controls should focus on attack surface reduction: open untrusted or unsolicited PDFs only in a sandboxed or virtualized viewer with no access to sensitive data, the host file system, or the network. Trade-off: this adds operational overhead and may disrupt workflows, but it prevents a viewer compromise from reaching the host. Ensure host-level exploit mitigations (ASLR, DEP, CFG) are enabled to raise the difficulty of turning the memory write into code execution, and train users not to open unexpected PDF attachments. No public exploit has been identified, so patching remains the definitive fix.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affects your stack
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Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
At its core, this is a PDF annotation rendering flaw in Foxit PDF Editor and Reader. PDF annotations can carry an 'appearance stream' that defines exactly how the annotation is drawn, and the 'Cloudy' border effect introduces a wavy, cloud-like outline for Circle annotations. When the application processes a crafted appearance stream, insufficient validation of the geometry parameters - such as coordinates, dimensions, or path data - allows the renderer to compute an incorrect buffer size or offset, resulting in a heap-based out-of-bounds write (CWE-787). The affected components are identified by the CPEs cpe:2.3:a:foxit_software_inc.:foxit_pdf_editor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* and cpe:2.3:a:foxit_software_inc.:foxit_pdf_reader:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, covering all versions of Foxit PDF Editor and Reader per the wildcard. The vulnerability requires local user interaction (AV:L/UI:R) and no authentication (PR:N), making it a client-side exploit that corrupts memory, crashes the application, or potentially enables code execution with the user's privileges.
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Severity by source
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
File-open triggers it, so AV:L/UI:R/PR:N; heap OOB write can yield code execution (C:H/I:H/A:H), though the description directly confirms only crashes.
Primary rating from Vendor (Foxit).
CVSS VectorVendor: Foxit
DescriptionCVE.org
A heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s rendering of Circle annotations with malformed Cloudy appearance streams in specially crafted PDF files. Insufficient validation of the appearance geometry can result in memory corruption and application crashes.
Executive ViewAI
A memory corruption flaw in Foxit PDF Editor and Reader can be triggered when an employee opens a specially crafted PDF containing a malformed Circle annotation, potentially allowing an attacker to crash the application or execute code in the user's context. Because the vulnerability is unauthenticated and no vendor patch is currently available, every workstation with Foxit installed remains exposed until a fix ships, and a single malicious document delivered by email or web download is enough to attempt exploitation. Leadership should treat this as a manageable but time-sensitive endpoint risk that depends heavily on user awareness and email hygiene rather than on network defenses.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: change the default PDF handler to a fully patched alternative viewer (e.g., Adobe Acrobat Reader or a browser-native PDF renderer) where business processes allow; block PDFs from untrusted external senders at the email and web gateway and quarantine those containing Circle annotations with malformed appearance streams; enforce user awareness guidance against opening unsolicited PDF attachments; monitor Foxit processes with EDR for crashes, anomalous child processes, and unexpected network connections following document opens; and maintain expedited patching cadence so the vendor fix can be deployed immediately upon release.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.
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EUVD-2026-85119
GHSA-9vcg-w84f-mxjf
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB