Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain legitimately signed PDF
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DeliveryAppend malicious incremental update altering visible content
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ExploitDeliver forged document to victim
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ExecutionVictim opens in Foxit, signature still shows valid
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ImpactVictim trusts spoofed content and acts on it
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Signature verification
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the attacker to obtain a genuinely signed PDF and craft an incremental update (PDF append/revision) that modifies visible document content without invalidating the existing digital signature, then deliver it to a victim who opens it in Foxit PDF Editor or Reader and relies on the signature-validity indicator. Limiting factors: the CVSS vector is PR:N (no authentication needed) but AC:H (crafting a non-invalidating incremental update is technically non-trivial) and UI:R (a victim must open the document and trust the signature UI); impact is confined to integrity/content-spoofing (I:H, C:N/A:N), so no data theft or crash results. Realistic risk is highest in signature-trust-dependent workflows (legal, financial, approval chains). |
| Impact | Signals are internally consistent and point to a genuine but moderate-severity integrity issue rather than a critical priority. The vendor CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N = 5.3) is well-formed for a signature-validation bypass: no authentication (PR:N) but high attack complexity (AC:H, reflecting the effort to craft an incremental update that visually alters content yet leaves the signature apparently valid) and required user interaction (UI:R - a victim must open and trust the document). Impact is integrity-only (I:H) - the flaw enables content spoofing on a signed document, with no confidentiality (C:N) or availability (A:N) impact, so the 'Information Disclosure' tag is misleading. A public POC exists (a GitHub gist tagged as exploit by cve-search), which raises practical concern, but POC availability is NOT active exploitation: there is no CISA KEV listing and no EPSS score provided. No SSVC decision data is supplied. Net: this is a real, credible integrity/trust-boundary weakness in a widely deployed reader, but the AC:H, UI:R, and integrity-only ceiling keep real-world risk moderate - prioritize patching in signature-trust-sensitive workflows (contracts, legal, financial approvals) over general fleets. Note: no affected version numbers or fixed build are provided in the input - the only reference is a generic Foxit security-bulletins landing page, so patch verification is not possible from this data. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker takes a legitimately signed PDF (e.g., an approved contract or invoice), appends a malicious incremental update that changes visible content such as a payment amount or payee, and redistributes it. Because the modified visible content does not invalidate the pre-existing signature, Foxit continues to display the document as validly signed, and a victim who opens it and relies on the signature indicator trusts the forged content. A public proof-of-concept exists demonstrating the incremental-update signature bypass, though the high attack complexity and required victim interaction limit mass exploitation. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 23, 2026
Content spoofing in Foxit PDF Editor and Foxit PDF Reader allows remote attackers to alter visible content in incrementally updated PDFs without invalidating an existing digital signature, so the document continues to appear validly signed. Publicly available exploit code exists for this CWE-347 signature verification flaw, but no active exploitation has been confirmed. The attack requires user interaction (opening the document) and is high complexity (AC:H) but unauthenticated (PR:N), yielding high integrity impact without confidentiality or availability loss.
RemediationAI
No specific patched version is provided in the available intelligence; consult the Foxit security bulletin at https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html for patch availability and exact fixed versions. Until a patch is confirmed, mitigate by not relying solely on Foxit PDF Editor/Reader's signature-validity indicator for documents from untrusted sources. Verify digital signatures using an independent tool that properly handles incrementally updated PDFs (e.g., Adobe Acrobat, pdfsig from Poppler, or a dedicated signature-validation service). This introduces additional workflow steps and may not be practical for high-volume environments. Alternatively, restrict the use of Foxit for signature-trust-dependent workflows (legal, financial, approval chains) until a patched version is available, and educate users that a 'valid signature' banner in Foxit may not guarantee content integrity.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
Foxit PDF Editor and Foxit PDF Reader (as identified by CPE: cpe:2.3:a:foxit_software_inc.:foxit_pdf_editor:* and cpe:2.3:a:foxit_software_inc.:foxit_pdf_reader:*) implement PDF digital signature validation. The vulnerability stems from improper verification of cryptographic signatures (CWE-347): when a PDF is incrementally updated, the signature applied to an earlier revision may not be invalidated even though visible content is altered. This allows an attacker to append a revision that changes the displayed document while the signature status still reports as valid. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R) indicates a remotely exploitable, unauthenticated attack that is technically difficult (AC:H) and requires a victim to open the file and rely on the signature UI (UI:R). Impact is limited to integrity (I:H) with no confidentiality or availability impact. The public exploit code (gist) demonstrates the feasibility of crafting such a document. The 'JWT Attack' tag appears to be a misclassification, as the flaw concerns PDF signature verification, not JSON Web Tokens.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Remotely delivered document (AV:N) requiring a crafted non-invalidating incremental update (AC:H) and victim opening/trusting it (UI:R); integrity-only content spoofing (I:H), no confidentiality or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (Foxit).
CVSS VectorVendor: Foxit
DescriptionCVE.org
A signature validation vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s handling of incrementally updated PDF documents. Changes to visible document content may not invalidate the existing signature, allowing attackers to alter signed content and potentially carry out content spoofing while the document continues to appear validly signed.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
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