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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Send HTTP/1 request with absolute-form target
  2. Delivery
    Host header mismatches request-target authority
  3. Exploit
    Translation sets HTTP/2 :authority from mismatched value
  4. Execution
    Downstream routes/authorizes on forged authority
  5. Impact
    Request smuggling and access-control bypass

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V4 - API and Web Service HTTP request consistency
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a deployment where the affected component translates HTTP/1 requests into HTTP/2 (a reverse proxy, gateway, or protocol-bridging listener fronting HTTP/2 backends), and the attacker must send an HTTP/1 request whose absolute-form request-target authority deliberately differs from the Host header. Realistic impact further depends on a downstream service that routes or enforces authorization on the HTTP/2 :authority pseudo-header. Limiting factors: the vulnerable HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 translation path must actually be in use (not a default for every listed product), and classic request-smuggling exploitation typically needs a specific proxy/backend desync topology, which raises real-world complexity above the vendor's AC:L rating.

Impact

The vendor CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N = 8.2 High) describes a remote, unauthenticated, low-complexity request-smuggling flaw (CWE-444) whose dominant impact is integrity (I:H) with limited confidentiality exposure (C:L) and no availability effect. There is no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit code in the provided data, so this is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis' - a design/correctness flaw discovered and reported by Red Hat rather than an actively-exploited threat. No SSVC decision data was supplied. The high base score is driven by the unauthenticated network vector plus the I:H rating for authority confusion; in practice, real-world exploitability is gated by deployment topology (the affected component must translate HTTP/1 to HTTP/2, i.e. act as a fronting proxy/gateway), which is not reflected in the AC:L rating - a fronting-proxy desync arguably warrants AC:H and the smuggling could justify S:C. Treat as a genuine hardening priority for exposed HTTP/2-terminating gateways, but not an emergency absent exploitation signals.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends a crafted HTTP/1 request using an absolute-form request target whose authority disagrees with the Host header; the affected component translates this to the HTTP/2 :authority pseudo-header, overriding the intended request-target authority. A downstream service that routes or enforces access control on :authority can then be tricked into serving or forwarding the request to an attacker-chosen authority, enabling request smuggling and access-control bypass. No public exploit code was identified in the provided sources.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 18, 2026

Mismatched handling of the HTTP/1 absolute-form request authority in Red Hat build of Quarkus and other affected Red Hat middleware lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker smuggle requests across the HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 protocol boundary, overriding the :authority pseudo-header that downstream services use for routing and authorization. The vendor CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N = 8.2 High) rates integrity as the dominant impact (I:H) with limited confidentiality exposure (C:L) and no availability effect, consistent with a CWE-444 request-smuggling class defect. Exploitation is not confirmed actively exploited (no CISA KEV listing) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, although real-world exploitation requires a deployment that actually translates HTTP/1 requests into HTTP/2 and a downstream component that trusts :authority for routing or authorization decisions.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch version is identified in the provided intelligence; the Red Hat advisory at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-93569 and Bugzilla 2536962 should be monitored for fix errata, and updates should be applied across every listed product that terminates HTTP/1 or bridges to HTTP/2. Until fixed builds are available, the highest-value compensating control is to eliminate the vulnerable translation path: terminate HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 at the edge proxy and forward only HTTP/1.1 to these Red Hat backends (or disable absolute-form request-target acceptance entirely at the front end), accepting the trade-off of losing upstream HTTP/2 multiplexing and header-compression benefits. Additionally, reject or normalize any HTTP/1 request whose absolute-form request-target authority does not exactly match the Host header, and enforce host-based routing and authorization on the validated Host value rather than on the HTTP/2 :authority pseudo-header, which prevents the attacker-controlled authority from reaching authorization logic; this adds parsing and policy complexity at the gateway but does not remove the need to patch. Where a reverse proxy sits in front, enable strict normalization and reject ambiguous requests; these controls carry a small risk of breaking legitimate clients that send absolute-form targets, so they should be validated in staging and logged before enforcement.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause is CWE-444, Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests, the classic request-smuggling class. Under RFC 7230 section 5.3.2, an HTTP/1.1 client may send an absolute-form request-target such as GET http://internal.example/ HTTP/1.1 together with a separate Host header; the request-target authority and the Host header are supposed to be reconciled, and mismatches are typically rejected or normalized. When a proxy, gateway, or protocol-bridging listener translates that HTTP/1 request into HTTP/2 per RFC 9113, the authority information must be carried into the :authority pseudo-header. In the affected implementations the absolute-form request-target authority is translated into :authority, overriding whatever authority the original Host header (or the intended request target) carried. Any downstream service that performs host-based virtual-host routing, tenant isolation, redirect generation, or authorization keyed on :authority can therefore be made to act on an attacker-chosen authority that never matched the validated front-end Host value, enabling smuggling-style desync, ACL or virtual-host bypass, and information disclosure. The affected CPE set shows this shared Java HTTP stack is bundled across a wide range of Red Hat middleware: Quarkus, Camel (both the Quarkus 3 and Spring Boot 4 builds), Keycloak and the associated single sign-on line, Apicurio Registry 3, Debezium 3, Data Grid 8, AMQ Broker 7, Fuse 7, and JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 (with JBoss EAP 8 and Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 also tagged), so the flaw is reachable wherever those products sit behind or in front of an HTTP/2 endpoint rather than being limited to a single binary.

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Severity by source

Vendor (redhat) PRIMARY 8.2 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
vuln.today AI 8.2 HIGH

Remote unauthenticated authority confusion yields I:H (smuggling/authz bypass) with incidental C:L; S:C is defensible but I retain vendor S:U, and AC:H is arguable given required proxy topology.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE HIGH
Red Hat 8.2 HIGH

Primary rating from Vendor (redhat).

CVSS VectorVendor: redhat

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

HTTP/1 absolute-form Host mismatch is translated to HTTP/2 :authority, overriding the request-target authority

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A high-severity request-smuggling defect in Red Hat build of Quarkus and other affected Red Hat middleware can let a remote, unauthenticated attacker override routing and authorization decisions across the HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 boundary, affecting service integrity and potentially exposing limited data. No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, so leadership should prioritize reducing exposure in internet-facing or authorization-sensitive deployments while Red Hat prepares remediation.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: disable HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 translation where not required; enforce HTTP/2 end-to-end; reject absolute-form request targets and malformed or conflicting authority headers at edge proxies; ensure downstream routing and authorization do not trust client-supplied :authority; apply WAF rules; segment and monitor affected middleware.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 69% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
HTTP/2-translating middleware in widely-deployed Red Hat Java middleware, but proxy-topology-specific
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

41
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +41
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

HTTP request smuggling exploits inconsistencies in how front-end and back-end servers parse HTTP message boundaries.

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_amq_broker_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_4_for_quarkus_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_for_spring_boot_4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apicurio_registry_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_debezium_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_keycloak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_quarkus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_data_grid_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_fuse_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_single_sign-on_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2026-18963 CRITICAL POC
9.1 Aug 18

Account takeover in Red Hat Build of Keycloak allows an unauthenticated attacker to abuse the reset-credentials flow in

CVE-2026-16442 CRITICAL
9.8 Aug 05

Account takeover in Keycloak (Red Hat build of Keycloak, Red Hat Single Sign-On 7) arises because the IdP-initiated SAML

CVE-2026-16443 CRITICAL
9.1 Aug 05

Authentication bypass in Red Hat Build of Keycloak (and Red Hat Single Sign-On 7) lets an unauthenticated attacker forge

CVE-2026-15572 HIGH
8.8 Aug 05

Privilege escalation in Red Hat Build of Keycloak's Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) grants an attacker with low-privil

CVE-2026-9800 HIGH
8.1 Jun 25

Authorization bypass in the Keycloak Policy Enforcer allows any authenticated user to circumvent all enforced access con

CVE-2026-15573 HIGH
8.1 Aug 05

URI normalization bypass in Keycloak's Authorization Services PathMatcher allows authenticated low-privilege users to re

CVE-2026-16102 HIGH
8.1 Aug 05

Privilege escalation in Keycloak's Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) component allows attackers with standard user accou

CVE-2026-18214 HIGH
8.1 Jul 31

Token exchange in Keycloak bypasses Google Workspace domain allowlist restrictions, enabling any valid Google account ho

CVE-2026-11800 HIGH
8.1 Jun 25

Signature-verification bypass in Keycloak (and Red Hat's Keycloak-based products such as Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 and Re

CVE-2026-18215 HIGH
8.1 Jul 31

Tenant-restriction bypass in Keycloak's Microsoft identity provider integration allows attackers holding any valid Micro

CVE-2026-18967 HIGH
8.1 Aug 06

Session hijacking via SAML assertion replay in Keycloak's SAML broker component allows adjacent-network attackers to aut

CVE-2026-7504 HIGH
8.1 May 19

Open redirect in Red Hat build of Keycloak permits remote attackers to send victims to attacker-controlled hosts by abus

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Important
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS Fixed

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