Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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ReconObtain local user session on target Windows host
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DeliveryLocate DirectIo64.sys on disk, extract embedded 8-byte key
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ExploitCompute valid MD5 IOCTL authentication tag
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InstallSend bit-clear IOCTL to disable MAC/size/Vendor ID verification
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C2Issue arbitrary physical memory write IOCTLs
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ExecuteOverwrite kernel memory structures
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ImpactAchieve kernel-level code execution (SYSTEM)
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Key management, no hard-coded keys
|
| Exploitation Conditions | The three PassMark products (PerformanceTest, BurnInTest, or OSForensics) must be installed on the Windows host, which causes DirectIo64.sys to be present on the system. The attacker requires a local user account (PR:L) - no administrative privileges are needed to open the driver and send IOCTLs assuming default device object permissions on the vulnerable builds. No specific non-default configuration is required beyond software installation; the vulnerability exists in the default shipped state of the driver. Exploitation is limited to Windows (kernel driver .sys); the attack cannot be performed remotely or without at least local interactive or remote-desktop-equivalent session access. Version constraint: builds at or above PerformanceTest 11.1 build 1012, BurnInTest 11.1 build 1000, and OSForensics 11.1 build 1016 contain the vendor-released fix. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.5 (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) accurately captures the severity: low-privilege local access plus trivial exploitation complexity is sufficient to achieve full physical memory control. Arbitrary physical memory writes on Windows translate directly to kernel-level code execution - overwriting kernel data structures, injecting shellcode into kernel space, or disabling security products. This is effectively a local privilege escalation to SYSTEM and beyond. A publicly available PoC on GitHub lowers the exploitation barrier substantially; a skilled attacker could weaponize this within hours of reading the disclosure. The EPSS score is not provided in the input data, but given the PoC availability and the clear technical primitives, even a mid-sized municipal IT team in olsztyn should treat this as urgent if any of the three PassMark products are deployed on Windows endpoints or workstations with shared or untrusted user access. The CVSS scope metrics (SC:N/SI:N/SA:N in the provided 4.0 vector) arguably understate the real-world blast radius: arbitrary physical memory writes inherently compromise the host OS kernel, not just the PassMark application - a limitation worth noting when comparing against the provided vector. No KEV listing exists, so confirmed active exploitation is not established, but the PoC materially elevates real-world risk above what base CVSS alone communicates. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A threat actor with a standard local user account on a Windows host where any of the three PassMark products are installed downloads the published PoC from https://github.com/floppywiggler/directio64-disclosure. The attacker runs the tool, which extracts the hardcoded 8-byte key from DirectIo64.sys, computes a valid MD5 authentication tag, then sends a single bit-clear IOCTL to permanently disable all driver-side validation. The attacker then issues unrestricted physical memory write IOCTLs to overwrite kernel code or data structures, achieving kernel-level code execution and full system compromise. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 04, 2026
Arbitrary physical memory write via a hard-coded cryptographic key in the shared Windows kernel driver DirectIo64.sys affects PassMark PerformanceTest (before 11.1 build 1012), BurnInTest (before 11.1 build 1000), and OSForensics (before 11.1 build 1016). An attacker with local low-privilege access can extract the 8-byte key embedded as a hardcoded literal in the distributed binary, compute valid MD5 authentication tags for arbitrary IOCTL write requests, and additionally use the driver's own bit-clear IOCTL to permanently disable all MAC verification, size checks, and Vendor ID checks - enabling unrestricted writes to arbitrary physical memory locations. A publicly available proof-of-concept exploit exists on GitHub; no confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though the published PoC significantly lowers the exploitation bar.
RemediationAI
Update PassMark PerformanceTest to version 11.1 build 1012 or later, BurnInTest to version 11.1 build 1000 or later, and OSForensics to version 11.1 build 1016 or later; patched builds are available directly from Passmark Software via the changelogs at https://www.passmark.com/products/performancetest/history.php, https://www.passmark.com/products/burnintest/history.php, and https://www.osforensics.com/whats-new.html. Where immediate patching is not possible, restrict which users can interact with the DirectIo64.sys driver by tightening IOCTL access via Windows Discretionary ACLs on the device object - this reduces but does not eliminate risk if lower-privilege users retain any driver interaction rights. Uninstalling the PassMark products entirely removes the exposed driver from the kernel and eliminates the attack surface; this is the appropriate interim measure on shared-access systems or forensics workstations accessible to untrusted users. Note that blocking the driver via a software blocklist (e.g., Windows Defender Application Control WDAC policy) prevents loading of the vulnerable driver version even if the installer binary remains present.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
DirectIo64.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (ring-0) bundled with three PassMark Software products - PerformanceTest, BurnInTest, and OSForensics (CPEs: cpe:2.3:a:passmark_software:performancetest:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, cpe:2.3:a:passmark_software:burnintest:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, cpe:2.3:a:passmark_software:osforensics:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*). The driver exposes IOCTL interfaces intended to be protected by an MD5-based authentication scheme tied to an 8-byte symmetric key. CWE-321 (Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key) describes the root cause: the key is embedded as a plaintext literal in the shipped binary rather than being dynamically generated or loaded from a protected store. Because the key is recoverable from the binary by any user with read access, the authentication scheme provides no real security boundary. A second exploitation path compounds the risk: the driver itself exposes a bit-clear IOCTL that, when applied to the gating instruction's displacement byte, permanently disables all subsequent authentication and bounds-checking logic, meaning an attacker need not keep re-computing HMAC tags once this self-bypass is exercised.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Local low-privilege access to a kernel driver enabling arbitrary physical memory writes changes scope to compromise the host OS kernel (S:C), justifying C:H/I:H/A:H.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
PassMark PerformanceTest before 11.1 build 1012, BurnInTest before 11.1 build 1000, and OSForensics before 11.1 build 1016 contain a hard-coded credentials vulnerability in DirectIo64.sys that allows local attackers to perform arbitrary physical memory writes by extracting an 8-byte key embedded as a hardcoded literal in the distributed binary and computing valid MD5 authentication tags for arbitrary IOCTL write requests. Attackers can additionally bypass a secondary validation gate by using the driver's own bit-clear IOCTL to clear a single bit in the gating instruction's displacement byte, causing all subsequent write requests to skip MAC verification, size checks, and Vendor ID checks entirely.
Technical POC Analysis
The flaw is CWE-321 (hard-coded cryptographic key) combined with CWE-287 (improper authentication) in the signed kernel helper DirectIo64.sys, write IOCTL 0x8011E044 with Flag 1, dispatched through w…
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Latest POC
1 PoC candidate from github (unverified)
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Executive ViewAI
PassMark PerformanceTest, BurnInTest, and OSForensics contain a local privilege escalation vulnerability allowing any user to gain system-level control and install malware or steal credentials. With public exploit code available, every affected machine is at risk. Organizations using these diagnostic tools-particularly IT operations, QA teams, and facilities management-must patch all systems promptly to prevent potential compromise.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
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EUVD-2026-71685
GHSA-v97v-xg2j-qq42
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB