Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain local low-privilege session
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DeliveryOpen handle to DirectIo64 device
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ExploitSend crafted IOCTL with target physical address and bit index
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ExecutionDriver calls MmMapIoSpace without validation
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PersistClear bit in kernel code page or page table entry
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ImpactExecute arbitrary code as SYSTEM
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Exposed IOCTL with insufficient ACL
|
| Exploitation Conditions | The vulnerable system must have one of the three PassMark products installed (PerformanceTest, BurnInTest, or OSForensics) in an unpatched version, which installs and loads the DirectIo64.sys kernel driver. The attacker must have local interactive access with low-privilege credentials sufficient to open a device handle - no administrative token, no special group membership, and no service account is required. Exploitation is limited to Windows systems (the driver is a Windows kernel module); non-Windows deployments are unaffected. The attack requires no network connectivity, no user interaction beyond the attacker's own session, and no non-default configuration changes. The only limiting factor is local user access to a machine where one of the three PassMark products is installed. |
| Impact | Despite a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, the real-world risk of this vulnerability is materially higher than the score suggests. The CVSS 4.0 vector AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H reflects only the direct write primitive and omits the full downstream confidentiality impact achievable once kernel code execution is established - kernel-level compromise inherently grants C:H. A low-privilege local user with no prerequisites beyond having one of the three affected PassMark products installed can obtain a device handle and immediately launch the attack; no elevated token, no special group membership, and no user interaction are required. The publicly available PoC at github.com/floppywiggler/directio64-disclosure reduces exploitation skill requirements significantly. No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV at time of analysis, limiting immediate threat actor pressure, but the combination of low-privilege local access, published PoC, and kernel-level impact makes this a high-priority patch for any system where PassMark tools are installed, particularly shared workstations, VDI environments, or forensic analyst machines where multiple users have local access. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A low-privileged user on a Windows workstation with any of the three PassMark tools installed opens a handle to the DirectIo64 device and sends a crafted IOCTL containing a 64-bit physical address pointing to a page table entry that controls the attacker's own user-mode page and a bit index targeting the supervisor/user privilege bit. The driver maps the physical PTE via MmMapIoSpace without validating the address and clears the privilege bit, promoting the attacker's page to kernel-accessible memory or directly modifying kernel code. A public PoC demonstrating this technique is available at https://github.com/floppywiggler/directio64-disclosure. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 04, 2026
Local privilege escalation to kernel in PassMark PerformanceTest, BurnInTest, and OSForensics allows a low-privileged local user to achieve arbitrary physical memory bit-clearing via an exposed, unvalidated IOCTL in the shared DirectIo64.sys kernel driver. By supplying a crafted 64-bit physical address and bit index to the driver, an attacker can invoke MmMapIoSpace to map and modify kernel code pages or page table entries, yielding full system compromise. A public proof-of-concept is available and patches have been released by PassMark across all three affected product lines.
RemediationAI
Upgrade to the patched builds immediately: PassMark PerformanceTest 11.1 build 1012 or later (https://www.passmark.com/products/performancetest/history.php), BurnInTest 11.1 build 1000 or later (https://www.passmark.com/products/burnintest/history.php), and OSForensics 11.1 build 1016 or later (https://www.osforensics.com/whats-new.html). If immediate patching is not possible, the primary compensating control is to restrict local access to the affected systems to trusted administrators only, since the vulnerability requires local interactive or terminal access. On systems where the PassMark tools are not in active use, uninstalling them removes the vulnerable driver entirely and is the most effective interim mitigation. If the software must remain installed but cannot be patched immediately, consider using a driver signing enforcement policy or application control tool (e.g., Windows Defender Application Control) to block loading of the vulnerable driver version, though this may break software functionality.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
DirectIo64.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver shipped by PassMark Software across three products (PerformanceTest, BurnInTest, and OSForensics) to facilitate low-level hardware access for benchmarking and forensic purposes. The driver exposes an IOCTL handler accessible to low-privileged users (CWE-782: Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control) that accepts caller-controlled 64-bit physical memory addresses without bounds or sanity validation. The handler calls the kernel API MmMapIoSpace to map the attacker-supplied physical address into kernel virtual address space, then clears a specific bit at that mapped location. Targeting page table entries (PTEs) with this primitive allows a user-mode process to escalate its own privilege bits or mark kernel code pages as writable and overwrite them - classic kernel exploitation techniques (DKOM/PTE abuse). The CPE strings cpe:2.3:a:passmark_software:performancetest:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, cpe:2.3:a:passmark_software:burnintest:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, and cpe:2.3:a:passmark_software:osforensics:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* confirm all versions prior to the fixed builds are affected across all three products.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Local low-privilege access to open device handle; scope changes to kernel upon PTE/code-page manipulation yielding full C/I/A.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
PassMark PerformanceTest before 11.1 build 1012, BurnInTest before 11.1 build 1000, and OSForensics before 11.1 build 1016 contain a privilege escalation vulnerability in DirectIo64.sys that allows local users to clear arbitrary bits at any physical memory address due to missing validation of the physical address parameter in an exposed IOCTL handler. Attackers can obtain a device handle and supply an arbitrary 64-bit physical address with a bit index to invoke MmMapIoSpace and clear bits in kernel code pages or page table entries, enabling local privilege escalation or system compromise.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.
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EUVD-2026-71684
GHSA-xw54-98c9-3f6v
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB