Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessGain local user session on target Windows host
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DeliveryConfirm DirectIo64.sys driver is loaded
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ExploitOpen device handle via CreateFile
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ExecutionCraft IOCTL request targeting sensitive hardware I/O port
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PersistWrite to CPU reset (0xCF9) or PS/2 (0x64) or CMOS (0x70) port
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ImpactTrigger forced system reset or hardware-level manipulation
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Exposed IOCTL with insufficient ACL
|
| Exploitation Conditions | The attacker must hold an authenticated local Windows session on a host where at least one of the three affected PassMark products is installed with the DirectIo64.sys driver loaded and its device object accessible (default post-install state). No elevated privileges are required - a standard, low-integrity Windows user account suffices, consistent with the CVSS PR:L metric. No special software configuration or feature flag is needed beyond the default product installation. Exploitation is strictly local: remote unauthenticated exploitation is not possible; a prior foothold yielding an interactive or command-line session is a prerequisite. Patched versions (PerformanceTest ≥ 11.1 build 1012, BurnInTest ≥ 11.1 build 1000, OSForensics ≥ 11.1 build 1016) are not affected. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H, score 6.9) accurately characterises the threat: local access required, low privilege, no attack prerequisites, no confidentiality impact, but high integrity and availability impact. Real-world risk is moderate-to-elevated for environments where any of the three PassMark products is installed alongside untrusted or compromised local user accounts - a realistic scenario on shared workstations, IT labs, forensics investigation machines, or enterprise endpoints subject to lateral movement. The attack is mechanically trivial: any process can obtain a device handle with a single CreateFile call and issue the malicious IOCTL via DeviceIoControl, requiring no exploit sophistication beyond knowledge of the IOCTL code, which is now publicly documented. The public disclosure repository and technical write-up (dkom.dev/posts/directio64-disclosure) make weaponisation straightforward. The sole limiting factor is AV:L - the attacker must already hold an interactive or command-shell session as a standard user on a host running the affected software; unauthenticated remote exploitation is not possible. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A standard Windows user on a host with any affected PassMark product installed calls CreateFile targeting the DirectIo64 device object, then issues a DeviceIoControl call with the port-access IOCTL specifying I/O port 0xCF9 - the CPU hard-reset port - as the target, triggering an immediate forced system reboot with no warning. The public disclosure repository at github.com/floppywiggler/directio64-disclosure and the accompanying dkom.dev technical write-up document the IOCTL interface in sufficient detail to reproduce the attack without additional reverse engineering. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 04, 2026
Privilege escalation through the DirectIo64.sys kernel driver affects three PassMark products - PerformanceTest before build 1012, BurnInTest before build 1000, and OSForensics before build 1016 - allowing any local Windows user with low privileges to issue arbitrary x86 IN/OUT instructions to hardware I/O ports via exposed IOCTLs that lack allowlist or port-range validation. From a standard user account an attacker can write to PS/2 controller, CPU reset, CMOS configuration, and interrupt controller ports, triggering an immediate forced system reset or persistent hardware-level manipulation. A public technical disclosure repository (github.com/floppywiggler/directio64-disclosure) and accompanying blog post exist; no CISA KEV listing is present and no EPSS score was provided.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patches are available: upgrade PassMark PerformanceTest to version 11.1 build 1012 or later, BurnInTest to 11.1 build 1000 or later, and OSForensics to 11.1 build 1016 or later using the respective patch history pages linked in the references. For environments where an immediate upgrade is not feasible, a compensating control is to block user-space access to the DirectIo64 device object via endpoint security policy or a kernel filter driver that restricts CreateFile calls to the device path; this prevents any unprivileged process from obtaining the handle required to issue the malicious IOCTLs, at the trade-off of breaking the hardware diagnostic functionality of the PassMark product. Alternatively, uninstalling or temporarily disabling the affected PassMark product removes DirectIo64.sys from the system entirely and eliminates the attack surface until patching is possible. Restricting only the PassMark executable is insufficient - the IOCTL exposure lives in the installed kernel driver, not the user-mode application.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
DirectIo64.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver bundled with all three PassMark products to facilitate hardware-level benchmarking and diagnostics. The driver exposes IOCTL dispatch routines that directly invoke the x86 privileged IN and OUT ring-0 instructions on caller-specified port numbers without any port-range check, allowlist, or privilege verification beyond possessing a valid device handle. CWE-782 (Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control) precisely describes the root cause: ring-3 (user-space) code cannot issue IN/OUT instructions directly on Windows, but the driver lends ring-0 authority to any process that opens a handle to its device object, bypassing Windows mandatory-integrity controls. Sensitive x86 I/O ports reachable through this path include 0x64 (PS/2 controller and keyboard reset), 0xCF9 (CPU hard-reset control), 0x70-0x71 (CMOS RTC configuration), and 0x20/0xA0 (PIC interrupt controller). CPE strings confirm the vulnerability across all three passmark_software product families: performancetest, burnintest, and osforensics.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Low-privilege local user reaches ring-0 hardware via driver IOCTL, constituting a scope change; no confidentiality impact, full integrity and availability loss.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
PassMark PerformanceTest before 11.1 build 1012, BurnInTest before 11.1 build 1000, and OSForensics before 11.1 build 1016 contain a privilege escalation vulnerability in DirectIo64.sys that allows local users to issue arbitrary IN and OUT instructions to any x86 I/O port due to missing allowlist or port validation on exposed IOCTLs. Attackers can obtain a device handle and write to sensitive ports including the PS/2 controller port, CPU reset ports, CMOS configuration ports, and interrupt controller ports to cause an immediate system reset or other hardware-level manipulation from a standard user account.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
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What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.
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EUVD-2026-71688
GHSA-p6jp-vch5-mc54
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB