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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Attacker crafts malicious Office document
  2. Delivery
    Delivers file to target via phishing or shared storage
  3. Exploit
    Target user opens document locally
  4. Execution
    Out-of-bounds read triggered in Office parser
  5. Impact
    Adjacent memory contents disclosed

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, read limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Collection

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that a target user locally open a specially crafted Office document - user interaction (UI:R) is mandatory and cannot be bypassed remotely. The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning the malicious file must already be present on or delivered to the target system; direct network-based exploitation without file delivery is not possible. No authentication or elevated privileges are required from the attacker's perspective (PR:N), but the attacker must successfully socially engineer the target into opening the file. Impact is limited to low confidentiality disclosure (C:L); no integrity or availability impact is possible from this vulnerability. Exploitation is further constrained by the non-automatable SSVC rating, meaning mass automated exploitation is not feasible. Protected View or Application Guard configurations in Office would block the vulnerable code path for documents from untrusted sources.

Impact

All available signals converge on very low real-world risk. CVSS 3.3 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) reflects a local, low-complexity attack requiring user interaction with impact limited to partial confidentiality loss. EPSS scores this at 0.36% exploitation probability in the 28th percentile, consistent with a low-severity information-disclosure class that rarely attracts weaponization effort. SSVC explicitly rates exploitation as none, automatable as no, and technical impact as partial - all low-tier signals. The vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV and no POC has been identified. The one potential amplifier is product prevalence: Microsoft Office is ubiquitous, meaning the absolute number of potentially exposed endpoints is large even when individual risk is low. However, the attack's requirement for local file execution and user interaction creates a meaningful barrier to mass exploitation. There are no conflicting signals between data sources.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends a target a malicious Office document - via email attachment, shared drive, or web download - crafted to trigger an out-of-bounds read in the Office parser. When the victim opens the file, the parser reads beyond a buffer boundary and exposes a small region of process memory, which the attacker could potentially extract through a side channel embedded in the document's output behavior. No public POC exists; the CVSS local vector means this scenario requires the attacker to get the file onto the target system and have the user open it, limiting scalability compared to network-exploitable flaws.

Monitor Track and reassess. Why: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9).
Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 22, 2026

Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office exposes a limited portion of process memory to a local attacker when a user opens a specially crafted document. Affected products span Office 2016 through LTSC 2024 on both Windows and macOS, with impact confined to low-severity information disclosure and no integrity or availability consequence. No public exploit code exists and CISA has not listed this in KEV; SSVC confirms exploitation status as none and the vulnerability is assessed as non-automatable, collectively placing this in the lowest real-world risk tier despite broad product coverage.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch is available. For Windows builds of Office 2016, upgrade to version 16.0.5561.1000 or later. For Office 2019, LTSC 2021, LTSC 2024, and Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise on Windows, apply the latest cumulative update via Microsoft Update or the Office Deployment Tool, referencing the current release table at https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases. For all Mac variants (Office 365 for Mac, LTSC for Mac 2021, LTSC for Mac 2024), upgrade to version 16.111.26071215 or later through Microsoft AutoUpdate or the Mac App Store. The Microsoft MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-55139 is the authoritative source for patch availability per channel. If immediate patching is not feasible, the most effective compensating control is to configure Protected View or Application Guard in Office to open untrusted documents in an isolated environment, which prevents the vulnerable parser from executing in the user's primary context. Mark-of-the-Web enforcement (ensuring downloaded files retain their MOTW flag) also causes Office to open suspect files in Protected View by default, partially mitigating the attack path without requiring configuration changes.

Affected VersionsENISA

Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 16.0.1 <16.111.26071215
Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 16.0.1 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
Microsoft Office 2016 16.0.0 <16.0.5561.1000
Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 16.0.0 <16.111.26071215
Microsoft Office 2019 19.0.0 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 16.0.1 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
Microsoft Office 365 for Mac 1.0.0 <16.111.26071215
Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 16.0.0 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases

Affected Packages

euvd microsoft_office_2016 fix: 16.0.5561.1000
euvd microsoft_office_365_for_mac fix: 16.111.26071215
euvd microsoft_office_ltsc_for_mac_2021 fix: 16.111.26071215
euvd microsoft_office_ltsc_for_mac_2024 fix: 16.111.26071215

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 4 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) describes a memory safety defect in which a parsing routine reads beyond the bounds of an allocated buffer, potentially exposing adjacent memory contents. In this case the flaw resides within Microsoft Office's document processing subsystem - consistent with the local attack vector and user-interaction requirement, which strongly imply a file-format parser triggered when a crafted document is opened. CPE strings confirm the affected surface spans cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:microsoft_office_2016, microsoft_office_2019, microsoft_office_ltsc_2021, microsoft_office_ltsc_2024, microsoft_365_apps_for_enterprise, and their Mac counterparts (microsoft_office_365_for_mac, microsoft_office_ltsc_for_mac_2021, microsoft_office_ltsc_for_mac_2024). The 'Buffer Overflow' tag is a mislabeling common in CVE tagging pipelines - the root cause is a read overflow, not a write overflow, so code execution is not implied by the CWE.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY MEDIUM
NVD 3.3 LOW
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CIRCL (temporal) 4.8 MEDIUM
vuln.today AI 3.3 LOW

Local file-open trigger (AV:L, UI:R), no privilege required to open a document (PR:N), impact limited to partial memory read (C:L) with no integrity or availability consequence.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

4
Severity Changed
Jul 16, 2026 - 16:07 NVD
MEDIUM LOW
CVSS changed
Jul 16, 2026 - 16:07 NVD
5.5 (MEDIUM) 3.3 (LOW)
CVE Published
Jul 14, 2026 - 17:09 cve.org
MEDIUM 5.5
CVE Published
Jul 14, 2026 - 17:09 nvd
LOW 3.3

DescriptionNVD

Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 72% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Microsoft Office deployed across virtually all enterprise and consumer environments worldwide
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity LOW
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

16
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +16
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

CVE-2026-55033 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Word (and Office/SharePoint components that render Word content) stems from an integer

CVE-2026-55038 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Arbitrary code execution in Microsoft Office Word (and the broader Office/365/SharePoint family) arises from a stack-bas

CVE-2026-55132 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Word (part of Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019, Office LTSC 2021/2024, and Office for M

CVE-2026-55120 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Arbitrary code execution in Microsoft PowerPoint (and the broader Microsoft Office/365 suite on Windows and macOS) arise

CVE-2026-55123 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Office PowerPoint (including Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019, Office LTSC 2021/2024, a

CVE-2026-55043 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Office PowerPoint (CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow) lets an unauthorized attacker r

CVE-2026-55127 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Word (and the wider Microsoft Office / Microsoft 365 Apps family) lets an unauthorized

CVE-2026-55130 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Word (Office 2016/2019, Microsoft 365 Apps, Office LTSC 2021/2024) arises from a heap-

CVE-2026-55128 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Office Word (CWE-416 use-after-free) allows an unauthorized attacker to run arbitrary

CVE-2026-55134 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Office Word (Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019/LTSC 2021/2024, Word 2016, and the macOS

CVE-2026-55055 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Office Word (via a stack-based buffer overflow, CWE-121) lets an attacker run arbitrar

CVE-2026-55032 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Local code execution in Microsoft Office Word (across Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019/LTSC 2021/2024, Office for Mac, an

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