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Microsoft Office Word EUVDEUVD-2026-29678

| CVE-2026-40421 MEDIUM
External Control of File Name or Path (CWE-73)
2026-05-12 microsoft GHSA-m493-43x7-h3mj
Medium
Disputed · 4.3 Vendor: microsoft
Temporal: 3.8
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Craft document with attacker-controlled UNC path
  2. Delivery
    Deliver document via phishing or shared storage
  3. Exploit
    Victim opens Word document
  4. Execution
    Word resolves external file path automatically
  5. Persist
    Outbound SMB/WebDAV request to attacker server
  6. Impact
    Attacker captures NTLM hash or file metadata

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V5 - File Handling File name/path control
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the victim user to open or preview a specially crafted Word document (UI:R per CVSS vector) - exploitation cannot occur without this user interaction, and the attack is confirmed not automatable per SSVC assessment. The attacker must be able to deliver the document to the target (e.g., via email attachment, download link, or shared drive) and must have network reachability to receive the outbound connection triggered by the malicious file path reference. No attacker authentication to the target system is required (PR:N per CVSS vector). No non-default configuration appears required - the flaw affects standard Word installations across all listed product versions. Exploitation is limited by: the mandatory user interaction (opening the file), the absence of code execution capability (information disclosure only), and network controls blocking outbound SMB/WebDAV to untrusted hosts. These limiting factors make this a lower-priority item despite the broad Office deployment footprint.

Impact

The CVSS 3.1 base score of 4.3 (Medium) with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N reflects a low-complexity, network-reachable attack requiring no attacker authentication but mandating user interaction - the victim must open or preview the malicious document. Confidentiality impact is limited (C:L) with no integrity or availability consequences. These signals are internally consistent: the SSVC assessment independently confirms exploitation status as 'none,' the attack is not automatable, and technical impact is partial only. EPSS at 0.05% (14th percentile) is very low, indicating this flaw is not being actively scanned or exploited at scale. No POC has been identified and CISA KEV listing is absent. Despite the ubiquitous deployment footprint of Microsoft Office, real-world priority is low-to-moderate: this is a targeted, user-interaction-gated information disclosure, not a wormable or remote code execution class vulnerability. The main risk elevation scenario is credential-theft (NTLM relay) when combined with attacker-controlled network infrastructure, which could increase impact beyond the raw CVSS score suggests if chained with lateral movement.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends a phishing email to a target employee containing a malicious Word document with an embedded UNC path (e.g., \\attacker.example.com\share\lure.docx) referencing an attacker-controlled SMB server. When the victim opens the document, Word automatically attempts to resolve the path, triggering an outbound SMB authentication request that delivers the victim's NTLM hash to the attacker's server, which can then be cracked offline or used in an NTLM relay attack. No public proof-of-concept code has been identified at time of analysis, but this UNC-coercion technique is a well-documented Office attack class requiring no special tooling.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 23, 2026

External control of file name or path (CWE-73) in Microsoft Office Word enables network-based information disclosure when a victim opens a specially crafted document, affecting Word 2016, Office 2019, LTSC 2021/2024, and Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this to coerce Word into resolving an attacker-controlled file path - likely a UNC path - causing an outbound network request that leaks sensitive data such as NTLM credentials. No active exploitation is confirmed (not listed in CISA KEV), and the EPSS score of 0.05% at the 14th percentile indicates negligible real-world exploitation activity at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

The primary fix is to apply Microsoft's security update for the affected Office product. For Microsoft Word 2016, update to build 16.0.5552.1000 or later - this is the only product for which a specific confirmed fix build number is available from EUVD data. For Microsoft Office 2019, LTSC 2021, LTSC 2024, and Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise, apply the patches documented at https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases as directed by the Microsoft Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-40421. As a compensating control prior to patching, administrators can disable automatic resolution of external content in Word via Trust Center settings (File → Options → Trust Center → Trust Center Settings → External Content → Disable all external content), which will prevent Word from initiating outbound file-path resolution; the trade-off is that legitimate linked content and external data connections in documents will also be blocked. Additionally, network-level blocking of outbound SMB (TCP 445) and WebDAV (TCP 80/443) to untrusted external hosts will limit the data exfiltration path, though this may impact legitimate business workflows.

Affected VersionsENISA

Microsoft Word 2016 16.0.1 <16.0.5552.1000
Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 16.0.0 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 16.0.1 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
Microsoft Office 2019 19.0.0 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 16.0.1 <https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases

Affected Packages

microsoft 365_apps_for_enterprise_https_aka_ms_officesecurityreleases fix: Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise for 32-bit Systems https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases, Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise for 64-bit Systems https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
microsoft office_2019_editions_https_aka_ms_officesecurityreleases fix: Microsoft Office 2019 for 32-bit editions https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases, Microsoft Office 2019 for 64-bit editions https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
microsoft office_ltsc_2021_editions_https_aka_ms_officesecurityreleases fix: Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 for 32-bit editions https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases, Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 for 64-bit editions https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
microsoft office_ltsc_2024_editions_https_aka_ms_officesecurityreleases fix: Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 for 32-bit editions https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases, Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 for 64-bit editions https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
microsoft word_2016_32_bit_edition_16_0_5552_1000 fix: Microsoft Word 2016 (32-bit edition) 16.0.5552.1000
microsoft word_2016_64_bit_edition_16_0_5552_1000 fix: Microsoft Word 2016 (64-bit edition) 16.0.5552.1000
euvd microsoft_word_2016 fix: 16.0.5552.1000

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 7 packages in microsoft, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-73 (External Control of File Name or Path) describes a weakness where an application constructs file paths using externally-supplied input without adequate neutralization, allowing an attacker to redirect file resolution to unintended locations. In Microsoft Office Word, this class of flaw is classically exploited via crafted document objects (e.g., OLE links, embedded objects, or template references) that embed attacker-controlled UNC paths (e.g., \\attacker-server\share\file), causing the application to initiate an SMB or WebDAV connection to an external host. This outbound connection can expose the victim's NTLM authentication hash or confirm file system metadata. The affected products are confirmed via CPE: cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:microsoft_word_2016, cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:microsoft_office_2019, cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:microsoft_office_ltsc_2021, cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:microsoft_office_ltsc_2024, and cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:microsoft_365_apps_for_enterprise, spanning the full currently-supported Microsoft Office on-premises and subscription portfolio.

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Severity by source

Sources disagree (Low–High)
Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 4.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
ENISA EUVD HIGH
CIRCL (temporal) 3.8 LOW
vuln.today AI 4.3 MEDIUM

Network-delivered via crafted document with no attacker privileges; user must open the file; impact is limited to partial confidentiality disclosure with no integrity or availability consequence.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

External control of file name or path in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 86% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Microsoft Office installed across virtually all enterprise environments worldwide
Threat Intel
1
1 sources
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

27
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +22
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: +5

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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