Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessVictim connects to malicious RD Gateway
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DeliveryGateway returns pre-auth consent/service message
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ExploitByte count misused as printf precision
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ExecutionClient reads twice the buffer size
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ImpactHeap memory leaked or client crashes
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, read limits
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Collection The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | A FreeRDP client on Windows at a version before 3.32.1 must initiate a connection through an RD Gateway that is attacker-controlled, compromised, or man-in-the-middle'd; the gateway then sends crafted pre-authentication consent or service messages that are processed by client_cli_present_gateway_message. No attacker authentication is required (PR:N) and no special client configuration beyond using gateway mode. LIMITING FACTORS: the client must be lured or network-redirected to the malicious gateway (not a server-side, internet-scannable exposure), the flaw is Windows-specific, and the impact is limited to heap memory disclosure or a client crash - no code execution or data integrity impact. |
| Impact | This is a moderate-severity, client-side information-disclosure/DoS flaw (CWE-125 heap out-of-bounds read) in FreeRDP's RD Gateway message handling. The input CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L) scores 6.9 and implies network, low-complexity, unauthenticated exploitation with low confidentiality and availability impact and no integrity impact - consistent with a memory leak plus crash. However, the vector's UI:N is questionable: the description's threat model is a MALICIOUS RD Gateway, meaning the victim client must first initiate a connection through the attacker-controlled (or MITM'd) gateway, which is effectively a required user/connection action - verify UI with the vendor advisory. There is no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit code referenced in the provided data, so this is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Net: a real but lower-tier priority - the impact is bounded (heap info leak or crash, not RCE, no integrity impact), and exploitation depends on steering a victim to a hostile gateway rather than broad internet-facing exposure. Patch opportunistically; it is not an emergency on the signals available. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker stands up or compromises an RD Gateway (or performs a man-in-the-middle on a gateway connection) and waits for a FreeRDP client on Windows (before 3.32.1) to connect. Before authentication, the gateway returns a crafted consent or service message whose byte count is misused as a wide-character printf precision, causing the client to read roughly twice the buffer size and leak adjacent heap memory or crash. No public exploit code was identified in the provided data; exploitation requires network vector with low complexity but hinges on the victim connecting to the hostile gateway. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026
Heap out-of-bounds read in FreeRDP clients on Windows before 3.32.1 allows a malicious or compromised RD Gateway to leak client heap memory or crash the client through crafted pre-authentication consent or service messages. The defect is in client_cli_present_gateway_message, where a byte count is misused as a wide-character printf precision, causing roughly twice the intended buffer to be read. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and exploitation requires the client to connect through an attacker-controlled gateway, for example via lure or network redirection.
RemediationAI
Upgrade FreeRDP to version 3.32.1 or later (vendor-released patch: 3.32.1), using the vendor advisory at https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-c49c-xm94-5qf3 and the VulnCheck advisory at https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-before-3.32.1-heap-out-of-bounds-read-via-rd-gateway-consent-message for tracking. If upgrading cannot be done immediately, disable RD Gateway mode in the FreeRDP client or restrict gateway connections to an explicit allowlist of trusted hosts, accepting loss of gateway-based remote access or added administrative overhead. Users should also avoid opening RDP configuration files or following links that direct the client to untrusted gateways, though this depends on user awareness and can be bypassed by network redirection.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
FreeRDP is an open-source implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol, and RD Gateway mode lets an RDP client tunnel connections through a gateway service. During gateway connection setup, client_cli_present_gateway_message processes consent or service messages from the gateway before normal session establishment. The flaw is CWE-125, an out-of-bounds read: a byte count is passed as the precision for a wide-character printf conversion, so the formatter can read up to twice the intended number of bytes from a heap buffer. That can disclose adjacent heap contents or crash the client; the advisory is specific to Windows. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* identifies the FreeRDP product family, while the before-3.32.1 version bound comes from the advisory rather than the wildcard CPE.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Attacker-controlled gateway needs no privileges (PR:N) and low complexity (AC:L), but the victim must connect to the hostile gateway (UI:R); impact is a bounded heap leak (C:L) and crash (A:L) with no integrity effect.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
FreeRDP before 3.32.1 on Windows contains a heap out-of-bounds read in client_cli_present_gateway_message that passes a byte count as wide-character printf precision. A malicious RD Gateway can send pre-authentication consent or service messages, causing the client to read twice the buffer size, leaking heap memory or crashing.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
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EUVD-2026-106992
GHSA-36q6-xhpr-84hc
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB