Freerdp CVE-2026-25955

CRITICAL

Use After Free (CWE-416)

2026-02-25 security-advisories@github.com

Use After Free Red Hat Freerdp Suse

Critical

Disputed · 9.8 NVD

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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

Access

Establish RDP connection
Exploit

Trigger RDPGFX surface deletion
Execution

Reuse freed surface buffer via cached XImage
Impact

Execute arbitrary code

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-416 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Memory lifecycle management MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Exploitation Conditions	FreeRDP versions prior to 3.23.0 with RDPGFX graphics pipeline enabled. Attacker must send RDP protocol messages that cause surface deletion followed by rendering operations that dereference the stale XImage pointer.
Impact	CVSS 9.8. Multiple UAFs in the same function indicate complex memory management issues.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	Alternative trigger for UAF during surface updates from malicious RDP server.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity + public POC available.

Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

Use-after-free in FreeRDP xf_AppUpdateWindowFromSurface before 3.23.0. Different code path from CVE-2026-25953. PoC and patch available.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:55 CVSS 9.8

Third FreeRDP UAF in surface-to-window update.

RemediationAI

Update FreeRDP to 3.23.0.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-416 UAF in a different code path of xf_AppUpdateWindowFromSurface.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Sources disagree (Medium–Critical)

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SUSE CRITICAL

Red Hat 4.3 MEDIUM

vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

3

PoC Detected

Feb 27, 2026 - 14:56 vuln.today

Public exploit code

Patch released

Feb 27, 2026 - 14:56 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Feb 25, 2026 - 21:16 nvd

CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xf_AppUpdateWindowFromSurface reuses a cached XImage whose data pointer references a freed RDPGFX surface buffer, because gdi_DeleteSurface frees surface->data without invalidating the appWindow->image that aliases it. Version 3.23.0 fixes the issue.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in FreeRDP allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code with minimal user interaction, potentially compromising any systems using this RDP client for remote access. Organizations must immediately identify and patch all FreeRDP installations to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive systems and data.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 79% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

CVE.org

EPSS Vendor

GitHub

VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity + public POC available

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

69

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +49

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Use After Free HIGH

Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated.

Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory

cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Use-after-free in FreeRDP xf_AppUpdateWindowFromSurface before 3.23.0. Surface-to-window update triggers memory corrupti

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Same weakness CWE-416 – Use After Free

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CVE-2019-0708 CRITICAL POC

CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC

CVE-2014-0322 HIGH POC

CVE-2012-4792 HIGH POC

CVE-2009-4324 HIGH POC

CVE-2015-0313 CRITICAL POC

CVE-2015-5122 CRITICAL POC

CVE-2013-2551 HIGH POC

Same technique Use After Free

View all

CVE-2012-4969 HIGH POC

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Critical

Product	Status
openSUSE Tumbleweed	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7	Fixed

References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1484-L1492 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1494-L1500 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1528 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/libfreerdp/gdi/gfx.c#L1224-L1227 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/169d358734509e82663a0d6a0085ae726d439d8e ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/347855

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