Freerdp CVE-2026-25952

CRITICAL

Use After Free (CWE-416)

2026-02-25 security-advisories@github.com

Windows Red Hat Freerdp Suse

Critical

Disputed · 9.8 NVD

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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

Access

Connect to vulnerable FreeRDP server via RDP
Delivery

Send RAIL window operations
Exploit

Trigger race condition in window deletion
Execution

Dereference freed pointer
Impact

Execute arbitrary code

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-416 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Memory lifecycle management MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Exploitation Conditions	FreeRDP versions prior to 3.23.0 with RAIL (Remote Applications Integrated Locally) channel enabled. Attacker must establish RDP connection to target running vulnerable FreeRDP with RAIL support, which is enabled by default in standard deployments.
Impact	CVSS 9.8. First of five FreeRDP UAFs in this batch. FreeRDP is the most widely used open-source RDP client.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	Malicious RDP server sends window management messages that trigger UAF in the FreeRDP client, achieving code execution on the client machine.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity + public POC available.

Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

Use-after-free in FreeRDP xf_SetWindowMinMaxInfo before version 3.23.0. X11 client window management triggers memory corruption. PoC and patch available.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:55 CVSS 9.8

UAF in FreeRDP X11 client window management.

RemediationAI

Update FreeRDP to 3.23.0 or later.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-416 UAF in xf_SetWindowMinMaxInfo. The X11 FreeRDP client's window size handling dereferences freed memory.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Sources disagree (Medium–Critical)

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SUSE CRITICAL

Red Hat 6.4 MEDIUM

vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

3

PoC Detected

Feb 27, 2026 - 14:55 vuln.today

Public exploit code

Patch released

Feb 27, 2026 - 14:55 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Feb 25, 2026 - 21:16 nvd

CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xf_SetWindowMinMaxInfo dereferences a freed xfAppWindow pointer because xf_rail_get_window in xf_rail_server_min_max_info returns an unprotected pointer from the railWindows hash table, and the main thread can concurrently delete the window (via a window delete order) while the RAIL channel thread is still using the pointer. Version 3.23.0 fixes the issue.

Technical POC Analysis

xfrailserverminmaxinfo in client/X11/xfrail.c obtains a raw xfAppWindow from xfrailgetwindow and passes it to xfSetWindowMinMaxInfo.

Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.

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Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical vulnerability in FreeRDP (CVSS 9.8) allows remote code execution with minimal user interaction, potentially enabling attackers to gain complete control of affected systems. Organizations using FreeRDP for remote access or terminal services face immediate risk of compromise, data breach, and lateral movement within the network.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is impossible: implement network segmentation to restrict FreeRDP access to authorized users only, disable RDP/FreeRDP services where not business-critical, enforce multi-factor authentication for remote access, deploy WAF/IPS rules to block known exploit patterns, and monitor for suspicious RDP connection attempts and process execution.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 75% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

CVE.org

EPSS Vendor

GitHub

VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity + public POC available

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

69

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +49

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory

cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Same weakness CWE-416 – Use After Free

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CVE-2019-0708 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2014-0322 HIGH POC

CVE-2012-4792 HIGH POC

CVE-2009-4324 HIGH POC

CVE-2015-0313 CRITICAL POC

CVE-2015-5122 CRITICAL POC

CVE-2013-2551 HIGH POC

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Critical

Product	Status
openSUSE Tumbleweed	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7	Fixed

References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_rail.c#L1167 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_rail.c#L1174 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_rail.c#L1178 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_rail.c#L1230-L1238 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_rail.c#L643 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1111 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1128 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1394 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1428 PATCH https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/1994e9844212a6dfe0ff12309fef520e888986b5 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8432-1 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/347860

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