Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessAuthenticate to router web admin
-
ExploitSend crafted formParentControl request
-
ExecutionOverflow deviceName stack buffer
-
ImpactExecute arbitrary code on device
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Stack buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires an authenticated session to the router's boa web management interface and access to the parental-control feature, specifically a crafted HTTP request to the formParentControl handler carrying an oversized 'deviceName' parameter that overflows a stack buffer. The primary limiting factor is the high privilege requirement (PR:H) - the attacker must hold valid administrator credentials, so realistic exploitation depends on default/weak admin passwords, credential reuse, or chaining with a separate authentication bypass. Risk rises sharply where the web admin interface is exposed to the WAN/internet rather than LAN-only. |
| Impact | This is a genuinely high-impact vulnerability but NOT a top-tier emergency, and the signals partially conflict with the headline 9.1 score. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) describes network-reachable, low-complexity arbitrary code execution, but critically requires high privileges (PR:H) - i.e. the attacker must already be an authenticated administrator of the router, which the description confirms ('authenticated HTTP request'). The 9.1 is inflated largely by the S:C (scope-changed) choice; on an embedded router where the boa web server IS the device's primary authority, a more conservative S:U assessment yields a High-but-not-Critical score. No EPSS probability, CISA KEV listing, or public POC is present in the provided data, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation. The practical risk is therefore moderated: exploitation presupposes credentialed admin access, which on consumer routers is most realistically obtained via default/weak credentials, credential reuse, or chaining with a separate authentication-bypass bug. Treat this as a credible device-takeover primitive worth patching on exposed/managed fleets, but not a drive-by unauthenticated internet worm risk on its own. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who has obtained administrative credentials to a TOTOLINK X2000R (e.g. via default passwords, phishing, or a chained auth bypass) sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the boa web server's formParentControl endpoint with an oversized deviceName value. The overlong value overflows a fixed-size stack buffer (CWE-121), overwriting the return address and leading to arbitrary code execution on the router, typically as a privileged process. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis, though Talos has documented the technical details. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 20, 2026
Authenticated stack-based buffer overflow in the TOTOLINK X2000R router (firmware TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327) allows a user holding administrator credentials on the boa web management interface to send a crafted HTTP request to the formParentControl handler with an oversized 'deviceName' parameter and achieve arbitrary code execution on the device. Talos rates the issue 9.1, while our reassessment keeps the high confidentiality/integrity/availability impact but scores scope as unchanged (S:U) rather than changed; the dominant limiting factor is PR:H, so real-world risk concentrates on routers reachable from the WAN with default or reused admin passwords or where an authentication bypass can be chained. No public exploit code was identified at the time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, so there is no confirmation of active exploitation.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified at the time of analysis and no fixed firmware version is published in the available data, so the primary action is to track the Talos advisory (https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2026-2393) and TOTOLINK's support channel for a corrected X2000R Gh firmware build and apply it as soon as it is released. Until then, apply specific compensating controls: disable WAN-side access to the boa management interface (block inbound TCP/80 and TCP/443 to the router at the upstream firewall, and turn off any 'remote management' option) - this breaks remote administration but removes the AV:N path; restrict administrative access to a dedicated management VLAN or trusted LAN hosts via firewall ACLs, accepting added operational friction for administrators; replace default or shared admin credentials with strong, unique passwords and, where supported, restrict the admin account to a non-default username, which reduces the PR:H leverage but does not fix the underlying overflow; and, if parental control is not operationally required, disable the feature to remove the formParentControl attack surface, at the cost of losing that functionality. Because exploitation requires an authenticated session, log and alert on repeated failed logins and on anomalous POST requests to formParentControl, and treat any router with default credentials exposed to the internet as high priority for immediate isolation.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affects your stack
Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The affected component is boa, a small embedded HTTP server widely used in consumer routers and IoT firmware, and the vulnerable code path is the formParentControl handler behind the device's parental-control feature. The root cause class is CWE-121 (stack-based buffer overflow): the 'deviceName' request parameter is copied into a fixed-size stack buffer without adequate length validation, so an overlong value overwrites adjacent stack memory - including saved registers and the return address - which can redirect execution and yield arbitrary code execution under the boa process's privileges. Because the weakness is a classic unbounded copy rather than an injection or logic error, exploitability depends on firmware build hardening (stack canaries, NX, ASLR) and on the attacker already holding a valid administrative session, consistent with the PR:H vector; the attack is network-reachable (AV:N) with no user interaction (UI:N) and low attack complexity (AC:L). The CPE entry cpe:2.3:a:totolink:totolink:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* is a wildcard vendor/product match rather than a version-pinned identifier, so defenders should verify firmware build strings directly rather than relying on CPE matching, and should note the CNA's scope-changed (S:C) vector versus our scope-unchanged (S:U) reassessment when prioritizing.
Know when TOTOLINK gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Network-reachable web server (AV:N) with simple overflow (AC:L); requires admin-only parental-control feature so PR:H; code execution gives full C/I/A:H within the device's single authority, so S:U.
Primary rating from Vendor (talos).
CVSS VectorVendor: talos
DescriptionCVE.org
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the boa formParentControl deviceName functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
Executive ViewAI
The TOTOLINK X2000R router, running firmware TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327, contains a critical authenticated buffer overflow that can allow an administrator-level attacker to execute arbitrary code on the device. Because exploitation requires high privileges and no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, near-term risk is concentrated in internet-exposed routers with default or reused administrator credentials; leadership should prioritize reducing WAN exposure and credential risk while no vendor patch is available.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Restrict the boa management interface to trusted VLANs or IP allowlists, disable WAN-side administration, enforce unique strong administrator credentials, segment affected TOTOLINK X2000R devices, monitor for anomalous formParentControl/deviceName requests, and replace or retire unsupported units.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
TOTOLINK X6000R router firmware V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207 contains an unauthenticated command injection in the sub_417D74
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOLINK A3002R V4.0.0-B20230531.1404 is vulnerable to Command Injection in /bin/boa via bandstr. Rated critical severit
TOTOlink EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via th
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOLINK A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FUN_00459fdc f
In Totolink A3100R V5.9c.4577, multiple pages can be read by curl or Burp Suite without authentication. Rated critical s
TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and V9.1.0u.6369_B20230113 contain a command insertion vulnerability in setting/s
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
The TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 were found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in th
EUVD-2026-105346
GHSA-97cf-wp6g-w5h6
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB