Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate to boa web admin
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DeliverySend crafted formIpv6Setup request
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ExploitOverflow stack buffer via static_ipv6
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ExecutionExecute arbitrary code on router
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ImpactFull device takeover
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Stack buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated session on the router's boa (httpd) web management interface, after which the attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the formIpv6Setup static network configuration handler with an oversized static_ipv6 parameter to overflow a stack buffer. Limiting factors: valid administrative credentials are required (CVSS PR:H), and the affected formIpv6Setup/static IPv6 configuration path must be reachable - in practice the management interface is often LAN-only unless remote administration is enabled. The practical barrier is weakened on consumer routers where default or weak admin passwords are common. Confirmed only for firmware build TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. |
| Impact | The input CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H, base 9.1) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw with full confidentiality/integrity/availability impact and a changed scope, which drives the Critical score. The decisive mitigating signal is PR:H: exploitation requires an already-authenticated session on the device's web management interface, so this is not a pre-auth internet worm candidate. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis' - the 9.1 is therefore a high-severity-but-privilege-gated issue rather than a confirmed widespread threat. Signals are broadly consistent, but two points warrant scrutiny: (1) the scope flag S:C is debatable, since the overflow executes code within the same boa web server/device authority rather than crossing into a separate security domain - this inflates the base score; and (2) on consumer SOHO routers like the X2000R, the PR:H barrier is frequently undermined by default or weak admin credentials and by internet-exposed management panels, so real-world attacker effort may be lower than PR:H implies. Net: genuine device-takeover risk where management access is obtainable, but not an unauthenticated mass-exploitation priority on current evidence. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who has obtained web-admin access to a TOTOLINK X2000R (via default/weak credentials, credential reuse, or an exposed management interface) submits a crafted HTTP request to the boa formIpv6Setup handler with an oversized static_ipv6 value, overflowing a stack buffer and executing arbitrary code on the router. No public exploit code was identified at the time of analysis, but the device typically runs its web server with high privilege, so successful exploitation yields full control of the router. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 20, 2026
Authenticated remote code execution affects TOTOLINK X2000R routers running firmware TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327, where an oversized static_ipv6 parameter sent to the boa formIpv6Setup handler overflows a stack buffer and can lead to arbitrary code execution. Exploitation requires valid administrative credentials on the router's web management interface (CVSS PR:H), which is typically reachable only from the LAN unless remote administration is enabled; default or weak admin passwords on consumer routers reduce that barrier. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis, so operators should apply compensating controls until a fixed firmware build is published. Disable remote administration on the WAN interface and restrict the boa management UI to trusted LAN segments or an isolated management VLAN; this prevents remote exploitation but blocks legitimate off-site administration. Replace default and weak administrative passwords with strong unique credentials and, where supported, enable multi-factor authentication to raise the PR:H barrier. If static IPv6 configuration is not required, disable the formIpv6Setup/static IPv6 feature or block malformed requests to that endpoint at a reverse proxy or WAF; the trade-off is loss of IPv6 static addressing functionality. Monitor HTTP logs for oversized static_ipv6 parameters and unexpected crashes or reboots of the boa service. Consult https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2026-2395 for the vendor's remediation guidance and watch for a patched firmware release for TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The affected component is the boa HTTP server (httpd) embedded in TOTOLINK X2000R firmware, specifically the formIpv6Setup handler for static IPv6 network configuration. CWE-121 (stack-based buffer overflow) indicates that the handler copies the user-supplied static_ipv6 parameter into a fixed-size stack buffer without adequate bounds checking, so an overlong value corrupts stack memory and can redirect execution to attacker-controlled code. The provided CPE cpe:2.3:a:totolink:totolink:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* is a wildcard product entry, and the Talos advisory TALOS-2026-2395 is the authoritative technical reference. The assessed CVSS 3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H confirms a network-reachable, low-complexity attack that requires high privileges and yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. This class of flaw is common in embedded router web interfaces, where management-plane parsers trust request parameters and lack memory-safe string handling.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Authenticated admin access is required so PR:H; code runs within the same device/web-server authority so S:U (not S:C), yielding full C/I/A impact on the router.
Primary rating from Vendor (talos).
CVSS VectorVendor: talos
DescriptionCVE.org
Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup static network configuration functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability concerns the static_ipv6 parameter.
Executive ViewAI
A critical authenticated remote code execution vulnerability affects TOTOLINK X2000R routers running firmware TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327 and could allow an attacker with administrative access to the router's web interface to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising network traffic and connected devices. Because these routers may sit at the edge of small or branch networks and may use weak default credentials, leadership should treat exposed or remotely administered units as high risk until mitigations are in place.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Restrict the web management interface to trusted administrative LANs/VLANs, disable WAN/remote administration, replace default or weak admin credentials with strong unique passwords, apply firewall ACLs to block untrusted access to the router UI, segment or isolate affected TOTOLINK X2000R devices, monitor for unauthorized configuration changes or logins, and contact TOTOLINK for fixed firmware or replace unsupported devices.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
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EUVD-2026-105342
GHSA-hgrq-mhqq-h62c
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB