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F´ (F Prime) EUVDEUVD-2026-101406

| CVE-2026-92152 CRITICAL
Improper Validation of Array Index (CWE-129)
2026-10-14 GitHub_M
9.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: GitHub_M
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach GenericHub input/driver channel
  2. Delivery
    Send crafted hub packet with out-of-range port index
  3. Exploit
    Bypass missing output-port range check
  4. Execution
    Out-of-bounds output-port array dispatch
  5. Impact
    Corrupt heap and potentially execute code

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Array index validation
Exploitation Conditions

Requires a deployed Svc::GenericHub component (F´ 4.1.0-4.1.x) that receives hub packets from a remote or external source via fromBufferDriver, and the attacker must be able to deliver a crafted packet whose deserialized output-port field exceeds the configured output-port array bounds. The severe (heap corruption / RCE) outcome is LIMITED to builds compiled WITHOUT assertions enabled - on assert-enabled builds the same input triggers FW_ASSERT and aborts (availability impact only). Exploitation also presupposes attacker reachability to the hub's input channel/driver, which in F´ deployments is typically a mission radio link or inter-process transport rather than an open internet service.

Impact

The vendor-supplied CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H, 9.3 Critical) describes a remote, unauthenticated, low-complexity flaw with high confidentiality, integrity and availability impact - consistent with CWE-129 improper array index validation leading to potential RCE. However, several real-world risk signals temper this: EPSS is not provided, the vulnerability is NOT in CISA KEV (no active exploitation), and no public POC is referenced, so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' Critically, impact is build-dependent - the description states assert-enabled builds merely abort (a DoS/availability event), while only builds compiled WITHOUT assertions suffer out-of-bounds access, heap corruption and possible RCE; the full VC:H/VI:H/VA:H outcome therefore applies only to assertion-disabled (typically flight/release) builds. No CVSS 3.1 vector was supplied (only 4.0), so 3.1-based tooling comparisons rely on this analysis's independent assessment. Net: a genuinely high-severity memory-safety flaw in a reachable network dispatch path, but real-world urgency is bounded by the narrow deployment base (NASA F´ embedded/spaceflight systems) and absence of any observed exploitation or public exploit code - prioritize for affected F´ operators, not a broad internet emergency.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with access to the communication link or driver feeding a Svc::GenericHub (e.g., a radio/uplink or inter-process channel) sends a crafted hub packet whose embedded output-port index falls outside the configured output-port array. On assert-disabled flight/release builds the unchecked index is passed to serialOut_out/bufferOut_out/eventOut_out/tlmOut_out, causing an out-of-bounds array access and heap corruption that may escalate to remote code execution; on assert-enabled builds it instead aborts. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
Patch available 0.7% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

Out-of-bounds array access in the Svc::GenericHub component of NASA's F´ (F Prime) framework (4.1.0 through 4.1.x, fixed in 4.2.0) lets remote, unauthenticated attackers who can deliver a crafted hub packet via fromBufferDriver supply an output-port index outside the configured port array; assert-enabled builds abort (denial of service) while builds compiled without assertions can corrupt heap memory and potentially achieve remote code execution. No public exploit code exists and no exploitation has been confirmed in the wild - exploitation presupposes attacker reachability to the hub's input channel, which in F´ deployments is typically a mission radio link or inter-process transport rather than an internet-facing service. The vendor rates this CWE-129 improper array index validation flaw CVSS 4.0 9.3 (Critical), with high confidentiality, integrity and availability impact.

RemediationAI

Upgrade to F´ 4.2.0, the vendor-released patched version (release tag https://github.com/nasa/fprime/releases/tag/v4.2.0; upstream fix in PR https://github.com/nasa/fprime/pull/4929 and commit b56b53634fd4251ae84919f22dcff829ef9e0986), which adds type, size and output-port bounds validation before dispatching to serialOut_out, bufferOut_out, eventOut_out and tlmOut_out. If the upgrade cannot be applied immediately, the single most effective compensating control is to deploy assert-enabled builds of the affected component, because FW_ASSERT aborts on the malformed port index instead of corrupting the heap - the trade-off being that any crafted packet then becomes a denial-of-service against that component. Additional measures include validating or stripping the port index at the boundary driver so it can never leave the configured output-port array, disconnecting or removing unused output ports on GenericHub instances to shrink the attack surface, and restricting reachability of fromBufferDriver so untrusted peers cannot inject hub packets at all (in F´ deployments this normally means a mission radio link or inter-process transport rather than an internet-facing service). Because the flaw is reachable from any peer able to deliver a well-formed hub packet, network-level trust assumptions alone are not a sufficient substitute for applying the 4.2.0 fix. Full details are in the vendor advisory https://github.com/nasa/fprime/security/advisories/GHSA-vv4x-5pmf-m59g.

Affected VersionsENISA

fprime 4.1.0, < 4.2.0

Affected Packages

euvd fprime fix: 4.2.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

F´ (F Prime) is NASA's open-source flight-software framework for spaceflight and embedded applications; the affected component is Svc::GenericHub, a topology component that forwards serialized hub packets - a type field, a port index, a size field and a payload - between deployments over a driver such as fromBufferDriver. In versions 4.1.0 through 4.1.x the incoming buffer is deserialized into a HubType, an FwIndexType port value and a size value, and that port value is passed straight into serialOut_out, bufferOut_out, eventOut_out or tlmOut_out without being compared against the component's configured output-port count, which is the textbook CWE-129 improper validation of array index condition. The upstream fix in PR #4929 and commit b56b53634fd4251ae84919f22dcff829ef9e0986 adds a minimum-size check (returning FW_DESERIALIZE_SIZE_MISMATCH), validates the type against HUB_TYPE_MAX (returning FW_DESERIALIZE_INVALID_DATA), verifies the declared size matches the actual buffer length, and gates each dispatch behind getNum_*OutputPorts() and isConnected_*OutputPort() bounds checks (also tightening the FwBuffSizeType cast in send_data). Affected products are tracked under CPE cpe:2.3:a:nasa:fprime:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, and the vulnerable path is only reachable when the Svc::GenericHub instance is instantiated, wired to output ports, and exposed to attacker-supplied hub packets.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (GitHub_M) PRIMARY 9.3 CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 9.8 CRITICAL

Remote unauthenticated hub packet with no user interaction (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); heap corruption yields potential RCE giving full C:H/I:H/A:H, though worst-case impact assumes assertion-disabled builds.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).

CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 14, 2026 - 18:05 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 14, 2026 - 17:08 cve.org
CRITICAL 9.3

DescriptionCVE.org

F´ (F Prime) is a framework that enables development and deployment of spaceflight and other embedded software applications. From 4.1.0 until 4.2.0, Svc::GenericHub output-port dispatch is vulnerable because the deserialized port field is passed to serialOut_out, bufferOut_out, eventOut_out, or tlmOut_out without an explicit range check. When a remote hub packet supplies a port index outside the configured output-port array, assert-enabled builds abort, while builds without assertions can access an output-port array out of bounds, corrupt heap memory, and potentially allow remote code execution. This issue is fixed in version 4.2.0.

Technical POC Analysis

CWE-129, Improper Validation of Array Index, in Svc/GenericHub/GenericHub.cpp.

Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

NASA's F´ (F Prime) framework versions 4.1.0 through 4.1.x contain a critical out-of-bounds array access in the Svc::GenericHub component, fixed in version 4.2.0. A remote attacker with access to the hub's input channel-typically a mission radio link or inter-process transport rather than an internet-facing service-could trigger a denial of service on assert-enabled builds or heap corruption with potential remote code execution on non-assert builds, threatening mission availability and integrity. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but leadership should prioritize upgrading affected mission and ground-system deployments given the critical severity and potential for operational disruption.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.7%
Top 49% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
NASA F´ embedded/spaceflight framework; niche aerospace and research footprint
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.7%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

47
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +46
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

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