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Hugging Face CVE-2024-11394

HIGH
Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502)
2024-11-22 zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com GHSA-hxxf-235m-72v3
8.8
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Safe deserialization, type allowlists
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

CVSS score of 8.8 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through malicious serialized objects by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 2.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Hugging Face Transformers Trax Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Avoid deserializing untrusted data. Use safe serialization formats (JSON). Implement integrity checks and type allowlists.

Affected Packages

pypi transformers fix: 4.48.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in pypi

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code through malicious serialized objects. Hugging Face Transformers Trax Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Hugging Face Transformers. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of model files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in deserialization of untrusted data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25012. Affected products include: Huggingface Transformers.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.8 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

Hugging Face Transformers Trax Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Hugging Face Transformers. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the handling of model files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in deserialization of untrusted data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25012.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
2.4%
Top 18% exploitable
Threat Intel
1
1 source
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 2.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

66
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +44
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Insecure deserialization occurs when an application converts serialized data (a stream of bytes representing an object's state) back into a living object without proper validation.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:huggingface:transformers:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2024-3568 CRITICAL POC
9.6 Apr 10

The huggingface/transformers library is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution through deserialization of untrusted data

CVE-2026-25874 CRITICAL POC
9.3 Apr 23

Unauthenticated remote code execution in HuggingFace LeRobot (versions 0 through 0.5.1) stems from pickle.loads() being

CVE-2026-33625 HIGH POC
8.8 Sep 18

Arbitrary Python code execution in LMDeploy 0.12.1 through 0.12.2 lets an attacker who publishes a malicious model on Hu

CVE-2023-6730 HIGH POC
8.8 Dec 19

Deserialization of Untrusted Data in GitHub repository huggingface/transformers prior to 4.36. Rated high severity (CVSS

CVE-2026-57845 HIGH POC
8.7 Oct 23

Deserialization of attacker-supplied pickle data in the deprecated pandas packaged builder of Hugging Face Datasets (all

CVE-2023-7018 HIGH POC
7.8 Dec 20

Deserialization of Untrusted Data in GitHub repository huggingface/transformers prior to 4.36. Rated high severity (CVSS

CVE-2025-3262 HIGH POC
7.5 Jul 07

A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability was discovered in the huggingface/transformers repository,

CVE-2025-6921 HIGH POC
7.5 Sep 23

The huggingface/transformers library, versions prior to 4.53.0, is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (R

CVE-2026-66007 MEDIUM POC
6.9 Jul 24

Path traversal in Hugging Face Datasets up to 5.0.0 allows attackers to read arbitrary local files when a victim process

CVE-2026-63086 MEDIUM POC
6.9 Jul 16

Server-side request forgery in HuggingFace text-generation-inference through version 3.3.7 enables unauthenticated remot

CVE-2026-69112 MEDIUM POC
6.9 Aug 10

Path traversal in Hugging Face Accelerate through 1.14.0 exposes two distinct attack outcomes when a user loads a crafte

CVE-2025-1194 MEDIUM POC
6.5 Apr 29

A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability was identified in the huggingface/transformers library, spe

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