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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-94
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 7.2 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, high privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could inject and execute arbitrary code within the application by sending crafted requests to the affected application.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%.
Patch available 22.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Lodash versions prior to 4.17.21 are vulnerable to Command Injection via the template function. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Never evaluate user-controlled input as code. Use sandboxing, disable dangerous functions, apply strict input validation.

Affected Packages

npm lodash fix: 4.17.21, 4.18.0
npm lodash-amd fix: 4.18.0
npm lodash-es fix: 4.17.21, 4.18.0
npm lodash-rails fix: 4.17.21
npm lodash-template no fix
npm lodash.template fix: 4.18.0
rubygems lodash fix: 4.17.21
rubygems lodash-es fix: 4.17.21
rubygems lodash-rails fix: 4.17.21
rubygems lodash-template no fix
rubygems lodash.template no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 6 packages in npm, rubygems

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94), which allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application. Lodash versions prior to 4.17.21 are vulnerable to Command Injection via the template function. Affected products include: Lodash, Oracle Banking Corporate Lending Process Management, Oracle Banking Credit Facilities Process Management, Oracle Banking Extensibility Workbench, Oracle Banking Supply Chain Finance. Version information: prior to 4.17.21.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.2 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

Lodash versions prior to 4.17.21 are vulnerable to Command Injection via the template function.

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact
† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth
  • 224 npm packages depend on lodash (119 direct, 110 indirect)
  • 38 npm packages depend on lodash-template (13 direct, 25 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 4.0.0 and other introduced versions.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
22.4%
Top 3% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS POC (1) GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 22.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

78
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +22
CVSS: +36
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS Command Injection CRITICAL

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

Code Injection CRITICAL

Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:lodash:lodash:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_extensibility_workbench:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_extensibility_workbench:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_extensibility_workbench:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_trade_finance_process_management:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_trade_finance_process_management:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_trade_finance_process_management:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_cloud_native_core_binding_support_function:1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_cloud_native_core_policy:1.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_design_studio:7.4.2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_services_gatekeeper:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 28 more

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Same weakness CWE-94 – Code Injection

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CVE-2023-3519 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2021-44529 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2014-6287 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-7494 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2013-3906 HIGH POC
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CVE-2017-9822 HIGH POC
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Same technique RCE

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CVE-2021-44228 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2022-47966 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-637483.pdf PATCH https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html REF https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/ddfd9b11a0126db2302cb70ec9973b66baec0975/lodash.js%23L14851 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210312-0006/

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