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Vulnerability Assessment

Impact

CVSS score of 8.1 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, high complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: In CISA KEV with patch available.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) Patch available 100.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then:. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affected Packages

maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core fix: 2.3.35, 2.5.17

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace and similar to results, same possibility when using url tag which doesn't have value and action set and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace. Affected products include: Apache Struts, Netapp Active Iq Unified Manager, Netapp Oncommand Insight, Netapp Oncommand Workflow Automation, Netapp Snapcenter.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.1 HIGH
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Added to CISA KEV
Jul 14, 2026 - 04:22 CISA
CVE Published
Aug 22, 2018 - 13:29 nvd
HIGH 8.1

DescriptionNVD

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace and similar to results, same possibility when using url tag which doesn't have value and action set and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
100.0%
Top 0% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org CISA KEV EPSS POC (2) Exploit-DB GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV Yes
Public POC Yes
EPSS 100.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
In CISA KEV with patch available
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
Active
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
High

Priority Score

225
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: +50
EPSS: +100
CVSS: +40
PoC: +20
Weaponized: +15
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:active_iq_unified_manager:*:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:active_iq_unified_manager:*:*:*:*:*:vmware_vsphere:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_insight:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_workflow_automation:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapcenter:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_policy_management:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:enterprise_manager_base_platform:13.3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:enterprise_manager_base_platform:13.4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_monitor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_monitor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_monitor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/alert-cve-2018-11776-5072787.html PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2018-4428296.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html REF http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172830/Apache-Struts-Remote-Code-Execution.html REF http://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2018-005.txt REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105125 REF http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041547 REF http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041888 REF https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-057 REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6d03e45b81eab03580cf7f8bb51cb3e9a1b10a2cc0c6a2d3cc92ed0c%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E REF https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2018-0012 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180822-0001/ REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20181018-0002/ REF https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2018-11776 REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html

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