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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-20
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Input validation, allowlisting
Impact

CVSS score of 6.2 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.53%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

Successful exploitation could compromise the medium-severity affected system.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 1.5% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

In Apache Struts 2.5 to 2.5.14, the REST Plugin is using an outdated JSON-lib library which is vulnerable and allow perform a DoS attack using malicious request with specially crafted JSON payload. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.2), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affected Packages

maven org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin fix: 2.5.16

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-20. In Apache Struts 2.5 to 2.5.14, the REST Plugin is using an outdated JSON-lib library which is vulnerable and allow perform a DoS attack using malicious request with specially crafted JSON payload. Affected products include: Apache Struts, Netapp Oncommand Balance, Oracle Agile Plm Framework, Oracle Enterprise Manager For Virtualization, Oracle Financial Services Hedge Management And Ifrs Valuations.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.2 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

In Apache Struts 2.5 to 2.5.14, the REST Plugin is using an outdated JSON-lib library which is vulnerable and allow perform a DoS attack using malicious request with specially crafted JSON payload.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.5%
Top 19% exploitable
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 1.5%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

33
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +31
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_balance:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:agile_plm_framework:9.3.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:enterprise_manager_for_virtualization:13.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:enterprise_manager_for_virtualization:13.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:financial_services_hedge_management_and_ifrs_valuations:8.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:financial_services_hedge_management_and_ifrs_valuations:8.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:financial_services_market_risk_measurement_and_management:8.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:global_lifecycle_management_opatchauto:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jd_edwards_enterpriseone_tools:9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_order_broker:5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:6.5.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:7.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:15.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:16.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:webcenter_portal:12.2.1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:webcenter_portal:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:weblogic_server:12.2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:weblogic_server:12.2.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2018-3678067.html PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2018-4258247.html PATCH https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-054 REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102021 REF http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039946 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20171214-0001/

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