Prototype pollution in n8n's Edit Fields (Set) node allows any authenticated user with workflow execution permissions to corrupt a shared global in the main Node.js process, triggering an instance-wide denial of service that locks out all users until a manual process restart. Affected are all n8n releases before 1.123.67, 2.31.5, and 2.32.1 across the 1.x and 2.x branches. The attack requires only a low-privilege authenticated account and no special configuration, making this a high operational priority for any multi-user or shared n8n deployment; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
MongoDB Server's query subsystem contains a type confusion flaw (CWE-843) that allows any authenticated user holding read privileges to crash the server process by submitting a specially formed query filter, resulting in a denial of service. The CVSS 4.0 score of 7.1 with VA:H and PR:L reflects the realistic threat: any legitimate database user - including service accounts or compromised low-privilege credentials - can take the database offline with no attack complexity. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the low exploitation bar warrants prompt patching once available.
Credential authorization bypass in n8n's HTTP Request node allows an authenticated member with edit access to a shared workflow to silently exfiltrate or use another user's credential by setting the credential type field via a dynamic expression. The pre-execution permission check evaluates the unresolved expression string rather than its runtime-resolved value, causing the ownership check to be skipped entirely while the actual credential is loaded at execution time. Versions 1.123.67, 2.31.5, and 2.32.1 contain the fix; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
MongoDB Server crashes under certain authenticated query operations against time-series collections, allowing any low-privileged user with write access to terminate the mongod process and cause a denial of service. Affected across three active release lines (7.0, 8.0, 8.3), this flaw is rooted in CWE-617 (Reachable Assertion), where a malformed query predicate against a collection's metaField violates an internal invariant and aborts the server. No public exploit code exists and no active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV); vendor-released patches are available for all affected branches.
MongoDB Server's query execution engine contains a use-after-free condition (CWE-416) that authenticated users with read and write privileges can trigger by running specific queries against time-series collections. The dereferencing of a freed internal pointer results in either a full server crash - denying service to all connected clients - or partial disclosure of freed heap memory contents within query results. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis, though the network-accessible, low-complexity attack path elevates practical urgency for deployments relying on time-series collections.
Atlas Vector Search in MongoDB Server exposes a horizontal authorization bypass allowing an authenticated low-privileged user to read documents from a view they are not authorized to access, crossing view-level access control boundaries within the same underlying collection. The flaw arises from MongoDB Server insufficiently validating user-supplied fields before forwarding internal requests to the search process, enabling the search backend to return documents outside the scope of the caller's authorized view. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Unauthorized cross-workspace Google Sheets credential exposure in Typebot prior to version 3.17.0 allows any authenticated user to call the `POST /api/sheets/getSheets` endpoint with an arbitrary workspace ID, bypassing membership checks entirely. The handler decrypts and returns the target workspace's stored Google Sheets OAuth tokens along with spreadsheet metadata (sheet names, IDs, and column headers), constituting a direct credential theft vector against any workspace with a Google Sheets integration configured. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, but the low exploitation complexity makes this a credible insider or multi-tenant threat.
Out-of-bounds read in MongoDB Server's geospatial query processing permits an authenticated user with write privileges to store malformed geometry documents that bypass validation at ingestion time, with the memory access violation occurring later during query execution. Affected deployments span all tracked versions per NVD CPE data (cpe:2.3:a:mongodb:mongodb_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*), and the dual impact - server crash and limited process memory disclosure - makes this a moderate-to-high priority for any MongoDB deployment where untrusted authenticated users have write access. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds memory read in MongoDB Server's aggregation framework allows an authenticated attacker to crash the database server or expose limited memory contents by submitting a specially crafted numeric parameter within a specific aggregation pipeline stage. The CVSS 4.0 score of 7.1 reflects dual impact: high availability loss from server crash (VA:H) and low-level confidentiality exposure from adjacent memory leakage (VC:L). Self-reported by MongoDB (responsible disclosure), with no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.
Stored SQL injection in Koha library management software allows authenticated staff holding the items_batchmod permission to plant unsanitized SQL inside the 'automatic item modifications by age' configuration tool, which is later executed verbatim by the scheduled cron job through C4::Items::ToggleNewStatus. Successful exploitation exposes the entire Koha database - including patron personally identifiable information and staff password hashes - and lets the attacker manipulate which library items the batch modification job processes. No CISA KEV listing and no public exploit code have been identified at time of analysis; the deferred, cron-triggered execution model decouples the attacker's action from the database impact, complicating real-time detection.
Cross-workspace credential injection in Typebot's Google Sheets OAuth callback allows an authenticated attacker to plant Google Sheets credentials into workspaces they do not own, and - if target IDs are known - attach those credentials to blocks inside victim Typebots. The root cause is that the OAuth callback decodes and blindly trusts a client-supplied, unprotected base64 JSON state parameter without verifying the authenticated user holds write access to the referenced workspaceId or typebotId. All Typebot versions prior to 3.17.0 are affected; no public exploit has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
ORM injection in NetBox 4.5.8's WritableNestedSerializer allows any authenticated user - including those holding only read-only API tokens - to extract sensitive field values across all application modules via boolean-based blind data leakage. By supplying crafted Django ORM lookup expressions as JSON dictionary keys in REST API write requests, attackers bypass object-level permission controls across dcim, ipam, tenancy, virtualization, circuits, and extras. No CISA KEV listing exists, but VulnCheck reported the issue and an upstream fix commit is available; no confirmed public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Path traversal in Adobe's Content Credentials toolkit - spanning the c2patool CLI, the c2pa Rust SDK, and the @contentauth/c2pa-web JavaScript/WASM SDK - enables arbitrary file-system reads outside intended directory boundaries on the local host. Affected versions include c2patool ≤ v0.27.5, c2pa-rs ≤ v0.90.5, and @contentauth/c2pa-web ≤ 0.12.0, with patched releases available for all three. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the scope-changed flag in the CVSS vector indicates that successful exploitation can reach resources beyond the vulnerable component's own security domain.
Craft CMS exposes arbitrary environment variables and secrets to authenticated control panel users due to premature interpolation of ${ENV_VAR} patterns in the elementId parameter before Twig sandbox evaluation - a design flaw that bypasses the sandbox entirely because substitution occurs outside the renderer. Affected versions span both the 4.x and 5.x release lines from their respective RC1 milestones through just before 4.18.2 and 5.10.6. An attacker holding any control panel account can exfiltrate CRAFT_SECURITY_KEY and all other configured secrets via a blind, error-based extraction loop, enabling session forgery, privilege escalation, and theft of database, SMTP, API, and blob storage credentials; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Passkey authentication in Craft CMS before 5.10.5 is vulnerable to WebAuthn assertion replay, enabling an attacker who obtains a captured login request body to create additional authenticated sessions for a victim account without possessing the passkey device. The root cause is a dual failure at the `users/login-with-passkey` endpoint: the server accepts client-supplied `PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions` - bypassing server-generated challenge binding - and never persists the updated credential counter after assertion validation, leaving it permanently stale. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, though the GHSA advisory documents a complete step-by-step attack scenario; organizations with passkey authentication enabled in Craft CMS 5.x should treat the vendor-released patch (5.10.5) as urgent.
Denial of service in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software for Windows stems from a null pointer dereference (CWE-476) in the Ring 2 device driver layer, allowing an adjacent unauthenticated attacker to crash the affected system with no user interaction required. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VA:H) confirms low-complexity exploitation from the same network segment, resulting in high availability impact to the vulnerable system and residual low availability impact to subsequent systems. No public exploit code or CISA KEV entry has been identified at time of analysis, though the absence of authentication and interaction requirements makes this trivially triggerable by any adjacent network adversary.
SQL injection in Koha's acquisition module enables authenticated staff to blindly extract the entire database - including patron PII, staff bcrypt password hashes, and two-factor authentication secrets - via a crafted ORDER BY direction token in the acqui/parcels.pl endpoint. All active Koha release branches are affected through versions 24.11.17, 25.05.12, 25.11.06, and 26.05.01, meaning any library running a current release is exposed. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, but successful exploitation yields credentials that could cascade into full staff account takeover.
Credential exfiltration in n8n's AI and LLM workflow nodes allows low-privileged users with use-only access to shared credentials to bypass the 'Allowed HTTP Request Domains' allowlist and redirect credential secrets to attacker-controlled infrastructure. Affected are all n8n npm installations before version 2.31.5 and the 2.32.0 release (fixed in 2.32.1), where at least one credential has domain restrictions configured and is shared with non-owner users. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, but the attack is low-complexity for any insider or compromised low-privilege account.
Privilege escalation in MongoDB Server's aggregation framework allows any authenticated read-only user to perform unauthorized write operations against collections they lack write access to. The root cause is an internal-use aggregation stage reachable by external clients without an authorization check on its embedded operations (CWE-862: Missing Authorization). No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, though the low privilege bar makes any compromised or malicious read-only account a viable threat actor.
Insecure direct object reference in Attendize's bulk attendee import endpoint allows authenticated event organizers to inject attendee records into events owned by arbitrary third-party accounts. The postImportAttendee endpoint resolves target events by ID alone, without validating that the requesting organizer has ownership of the referenced event. All Attendize deployments through commit 9289acb are affected; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but exploitation requires only a valid organizer account.
Insecure direct object reference in Attendize through commit 9289acb enables any authenticated event organiser to inject attendees and fraudulent orders into events belonging to other accounts via the postInviteAttendee endpoint. The root cause is a missing account-ownership check in the event lookup query - the endpoint resolves events by ID alone without verifying the requesting organiser's ownership. Exploitation allows an attacker to corrupt cross-account financial records and event data, with no public exploit identified and no CISA KEV listing at time of analysis.
Sensitive credential leakage in Red Hat insights-client exposes cloud.openshift.com pull-secret tokens through application log files on Advanced Cluster Management hub clusters. When insights-client receives any non-200 HTTP response from the Red Hat cloud endpoint, it writes the full request headers - including the long-lived pull-secret bearer token - to pod logs readable by local cluster users. An attacker who harvests this token can authenticate against Red Hat cloud services without possessing their own credentials. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and multiple vendor-released errata patch the behavior.
Denial of service in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software for Windows stems from improper buffer restrictions (CWE-119) in the Ring 2 device driver layer, exploitable by an adjacent network attacker without authentication or user interaction. An attacker within Wi-Fi range or on the same network segment can trigger a driver-level crash by sending crafted wireless input, resulting in high availability impact on the target system and low availability impact on subsequent systems, with no confidentiality or integrity consequences. No public exploit code has been identified and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis.
Null pointer dereference in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software for Windows at the Ring 2 device driver layer enables denial of service by an unauthenticated adjacent-network attacker. Disclosed by Intel in advisory INTEL-SA-01422, the flaw affects all currently indexed versions of the software and can be triggered at low complexity with no user interaction or special attack prerequisites. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Denial of service in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software device drivers (Ring 2) allows an unauthenticated adjacent-network attacker to crash or disable the wireless subsystem on affected systems. The flaw stems from an improper conditions check (CWE-754) within the WiFi driver stack, meaning edge-case or malformed network input is not handled safely, leading to complete availability loss of the vulnerable system. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis, though the low-complexity, zero-privilege attack vector makes this straightforward to trigger from WiFi range.
Out-of-bounds write in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software for Windows device drivers (Ring 2) allows adjacent network attackers to trigger a denial of service condition without authentication or user interaction. Unauthenticated attackers on the same network segment can exploit this CWE-787 buffer overflow flaw with low complexity, causing high availability impact to the affected Windows system and low residual availability impact on subsequent systems. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing exist at time of analysis.
Denial-of-service in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software for Windows (Ring 2 device driver layer) allows an unauthenticated adjacent-network attacker to crash or disable the wireless driver with no user interaction. The flaw stems from an improper conditions check (CWE-754) in the driver, yielding complete loss of wireless availability on the affected system and minor downstream availability impact on subsequently connected systems. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, and Intel has published an advisory at INTEL-SA-01422.
Path traversal (CWE-23) in Zoom VDI Client and Plugins exposes authenticated local users to information disclosure and potential file integrity impact by allowing directory escape via crafted path input. Affected are all tracked versions under cpe:2.3:a:zoom_communications:zoom_vdi. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the High confidentiality and integrity impact ratings warrant prompt patching in VDI environments where insider or post-compromise scenarios are relevant threats.
Queryable Encryption maintenance operations in MongoDB Server 8.0.x and 8.3.x fail to validate request parameters against the collection's encrypted field configuration due to an integer underflow (CWE-191), allowing an authenticated user with readWrite privileges to crash the server or induce excessive internal writes. The practical impact is availability loss and integrity degradation through corruption of encrypted index data - a particularly damaging outcome given that encrypted index corruption may be non-trivially recoverable. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Privilege escalation in MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher) allows a local low-privileged attacker to gain elevated file ownership on the host system. When the MRTG daemon is launched as root and then drops privileges, a CWE-59 symlink-following flaw in PID file handling lets an attacker pre-place or manipulate a symlink at the expected PID file path, causing the root process to change ownership of an arbitrary existing file to the daemon user. Affected platforms include Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 through 10; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software for Windows allows local unprivileged code operating within the Ring 2 privileged process boundary to elevate access rights due to improper privilege management (CWE-269), yielding high availability impact and limited confidentiality and integrity exposure on both the vulnerable and subsequent systems. The attack is constrained to local access and requires high complexity, but no prior authentication or user interaction is needed from the attacker. Intel has published advisory INTEL-SA-01468 to address this flaw; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Integer overflow in Vim's text-property subsystem (prior to 9.2.0841) allows a crafted file to wrap a uint16_t line-property counter from 0xffff to zero, causing prop_add_one() in src/textprop.c to copy existing text-property records into a heap allocation sized for zero entries. The resulting heap corruption can yield high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability consequences on the local user's process. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the CVSS 4.0 score of 7.1 (AV:L/AC:H) reflects meaningful risk for users who open untrusted files in Vim.
Missing authorization in OpenIM Server v3.8.3 allows any authenticated user to invoke admin-only REST API endpoints and enumerate the entire platform's user and group data. The GetPaginationUsers, GetAllUserID, and GetGroups RPC handlers in internal/rpc/user/user.go and internal/rpc/group/group.go lack the required authverify.CheckAdmin() guard, meaning a regular bearer token is sufficient to harvest all user IDs, nicknames, manager-level flags, and full group listings including private groups the caller has never joined. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity makes opportunistic exploitation trivial for any credentialed platform user.
Privilege escalation in MongoDB Server's applyOps command allows authenticated users holding specific non-default privileges to perform data-definition operations - such as dropping or modifying collections - against collections they are not authorized to access. The flaw (CWE-863, Incorrect Authorization) stems from an inconsistency in collection resolution between the authorization check and the actual execution path within applyOps, a mechanism typically used for oplog replay and atomic multi-operation writes. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and no CISA KEV listing exists; however, the CVSS 4.0 score of 7.0 with VI:H and VA:H signals meaningful data integrity and availability risk for deployments with shared or loosely governed privilege models.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (afd.sys) allows a low-privileged local attacker to gain full system control through a use-after-free memory corruption condition. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) confirms the attack is constrained to local access with high complexity, meaning exploitation is non-trivial and likely requires precise timing or race condition triggering. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis, though the tags indicate Denial of Service is also a potential impact alongside privilege escalation.
Privilege escalation in Windows Telephony Service (TAPI) via a use-after-free memory corruption flaw enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to gain SYSTEM-level access on affected hosts. The vulnerability spans a broad range of Microsoft Windows versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and multiple Windows Server 2022/2025 builds, confirmed by Microsoft MSRC and catalogued under EUVD-2026-56640. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the pervasive Windows deployment footprint makes patch deployment a meaningful operational priority.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free memory corruption in the Windows Telephony Service (TAPI) affects virtually every supported Windows desktop and server release, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. An authorized local attacker with low-privilege credentials can exploit a race condition to corrupt freed memory within the telephony service process, achieving full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No active exploitation is confirmed by CISA KEV, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected platforms.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Telephony Service (TAPI) allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged attacker to gain full system-level control via a use-after-free memory corruption flaw. The vulnerability spans a wide range of Windows versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows versions and the availability of a vendor patch make patching urgent in environments where Telephony Service is active.
Use-after-free in Windows Winlogon enables a locally authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level across a broad range of Windows desktop and server editions spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. The CVSS 7.0 score (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) reflects that exploitation requires an existing low-privileged foothold and high attack complexity, placing this squarely in the post-compromise privilege escalation category rather than an initial access vector. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches covering all affected build branches.
Privilege escalation in Windows Installer (msiexec) on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 allows a locally authenticated low-privileged user to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by exploiting a use-after-free memory corruption condition. Affected builds span Windows 11 versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1, as well as Windows Server 2025 including Server Core deployments. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available from Microsoft.
Privilege escalation via double-free memory corruption in the Windows Network Connection Broker (NCBroker) service affects a broad swath of Microsoft Windows desktop and server releases spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. An authenticated local attacker with low-privilege access can exploit heap corruption induced by the double-free condition (CWE-415) to elevate privileges to SYSTEM level. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the exceptionally wide scope of affected Windows versions substantially broadens the attack surface for organizations with unpatched endpoints.
Local code execution in the Windows DHCP Client exposes Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 systems to privilege escalation by authorized local users via a use-after-free memory corruption condition. The flaw (CWE-416) requires high attack complexity - consistent with race-condition-dependent UAF exploitation - and an existing local foothold (PR:L, AV:L), limiting its practical reach compared to its full C:H/I:H/A:H impact triad. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released a vendor-confirmed patch.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Graphics Kernel exposes a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions to a use-after-free memory corruption flaw (CWE-416). An attacker holding a low-privileged local account who can satisfy a race condition in the kernel graphics subsystem can gain SYSTEM-level control of the affected host. Microsoft has released patches across all identified product lines; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver affects Windows 10, 11, and Server 2016 through 2025, enabling a low-privileged local attacker to achieve full kernel-level control via a use-after-free memory corruption in a kernel-mode driver. The CVSS AC:H rating indicates the exploit path likely requires precise timing - consistent with a race condition in driver memory management - which reduces but does not eliminate real-world risk. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch from Microsoft is available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows LUAFV (Layered User Access Filter Volume) kernel driver enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged user to escalate to full SYSTEM-level privileges across a wide range of Windows desktop and server releases. Microsoft has released patches covering Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, with exact fix builds published via MSRC and ENISA EUVD-2026-56287. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, though the AC:H constraint limits opportunistic exploitation rather than eliminating risk from determined actors who already hold a foothold.
Token content validation bypass in SAP Approuter (node.js package < 23.0.0) enables an unauthenticated remote attacker to exfiltrate sensitive credential material to an attacker-controlled destination by submitting a specially crafted token. The flaw, classified as CWE-601 (Open Redirect), exploits insufficient URL or destination validation within the Approuter's token-processing logic under specific non-default configurations, yielding high confidentiality impact and low integrity and availability impact. No public exploit or active exploitation is confirmed at time of analysis; vendor patch is available via SAP Approuter 23.0.0 per SAP Security Note 3786038.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free in Windows Win32K (win32k.sys) affects Windows 11 versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1, as well as Windows Server 2025 in both full and Server Core installations. An authenticated local attacker exploiting CWE-416 memory corruption in the Win32K kernel subsystem can elevate from low-privileged user to SYSTEM-level access. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; however, Microsoft has released a patch addressing all affected build ranges.
Privilege escalation in Windows Autopilot on Windows 11 (versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1) is caused by a use-after-free memory corruption flaw (CWE-416) that allows a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to achieve SYSTEM-level access. The CVSS 7.0 score reflects full CIA impact offset by a strictly local attack vector and high attack complexity, consistent with a race condition or heap manipulation requirement rather than a trivial trigger. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Windows Autopilot on Windows 11 versions 24H2 and 25H2 arises from a use-after-free memory corruption flaw, enabling a local low-privileged attacker to achieve full SYSTEM-level access with complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. High attack complexity (AC:H) constrains opportunistic exploitation, making this most relevant to insider threat and post-breach lateral movement scenarios rather than broad automated attacks. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability has not been added to the CISA KEV catalog.
Privilege escalation via use-after-free in the Windows Win32K kernel subsystem affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases from 2016 through 2025. An authorized local attacker with low-level authenticated access can exploit memory corruption in Win32K's kernel pool to elevate to SYSTEM-level privileges. CVSS rates this 7.0 with high attack complexity (AC:H); no CISA KEV listing or public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis.