Local File Inclusion
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application accepts user-controlled input to specify which file should be loaded or executed, typically through functions like PHP's `include()`, `require()`, or `fopen()`.
How It Works
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application accepts user-controlled input to specify which file should be loaded or executed, typically through functions like PHP's include(), require(), or fopen(). The attacker manipulates file path parameters—often using directory traversal sequences like ../ or absolute paths—to access files outside the intended directory. For example, a URL parameter ?page=dashboard might be vulnerable if changed to ?page=../../../../etc/passwd.
Modern LFI exploitation extends beyond simple file reading. Attackers leverage PHP wrappers like php://filter to apply encoding filters that bypass content restrictions. The php://filter/convert.base64-encode wrapper allows reading PHP source code without execution, exposing credentials and logic flaws. More sophisticated attacks chain multiple filters together to construct executable PHP code from seemingly harmless character transformations.
Log poisoning escalates LFI to remote code execution by injecting malicious PHP code into log files (access logs, error logs, email logs), then using the LFI vulnerability to include and execute those logs. Attackers can also abuse data wrappers (data://text/plain,<?php system($_GET['cmd']);?>) or expect:// protocol handlers depending on server configuration.
Impact
- Source code disclosure — exposing application logic, API keys, database credentials, and proprietary algorithms
- Configuration file access — reading database connection strings, encryption keys, cloud service credentials from config files
- Sensitive data extraction — accessing
/etc/passwd, SSH keys, user data files, session tokens - Remote code execution — through log poisoning, wrapper abuse, or including uploaded files containing malicious code
- Lateral movement preparation — gathering internal network details, service configurations, and authentication mechanisms
Real-World Examples
The osTicket CVE-2022-22200 vulnerability demonstrated advanced filter chain exploitation where attackers injected a PHP filter chain into a ticket's CSS style attribute. The malicious payload bypassed the htmLawed HTML sanitizer using strategic whitespace, then exploited mPDF's processing of php:// wrappers after URL-decoding. This allowed arbitrary file reading that escalated to RCE through chained filter operations.
phpMyAdmin has experienced multiple LFI vulnerabilities where attackers manipulated theme selection or language file parameters to include arbitrary files, often combining this with session file poisoning to achieve code execution. Content management systems like WordPress plugins frequently expose LFI through template loading mechanisms where developers fail to validate file path inputs properly.
Mitigation
- Eliminate dynamic file inclusion — use routing tables or switch statements mapping IDs to hardcoded file paths instead of concatenating user input
- Strict allowlisting — maintain explicit arrays of permitted files; validate user input against this list, never use input directly in paths
- Disable dangerous PHP wrappers — set
allow_url_include=0andallow_url_fopen=0in php.ini; disableexpect://,phar://, anddata://wrappers - Implement path canonicalization — resolve paths with
realpath(), verify they remain within allowed directories usingstrpos()checks - Apply least privilege — run web applications with minimal file system permissions, preventing access to sensitive system files
- Input validation — reject any input containing
../, absolute paths, null bytes, or protocol specifiers
Recent CVEs (1266)
The SportsPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.26 via shortcodes 'template_name' attribute. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level and above permissions, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where php file type can be...
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Talemy Spirit Framework allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Spirit Framework: from n/a through 1.2.13. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in fuelthemes Werkstatt werkstatt allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Werkstatt: from n/a through < 4.8.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in fuelthemes North north-wp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects North: from n/a through <= 5.7.5. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Malta malta allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Malta: from n/a through <= 1.3.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Hobo hobo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hobo: from n/a through <= 1.0.10. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Modern Housewife modernhousewife allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Modern Housewife: from n/a through <= 1.0.12. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Yolox yolox allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Yolox: from n/a through <= 1.0.15. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Pearson Specter pearsonspecter allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Pearson Specter: from n/a through <= 1.11.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Piqes piqes allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Piqes: from n/a through <= 1.0.11. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Prider prider allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Prider: from n/a through <= 1.1.3.1. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes TanTum tantum allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects TanTum: from n/a through <= 1.1.13. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Tornados tornados allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tornados: from n/a through <= 2.1. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Muji muji allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Muji: from n/a through <= 1.2.0. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Tails tails allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tails: from n/a through <= 1.4.12. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Indoor Plants indoor-plants allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Indoor Plants: from n/a through <= 1.2.7. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Snow Mountain snowmountain allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Snow Mountain: from n/a through <= 1.4.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Pets Land petsland allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Pets Land: from n/a through <= 1.2.8. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Weedles weedles allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Weedles: from n/a through <= 1.1.12. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes MoveMe moveme allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects MoveMe: from n/a through <= 1.2.15. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes uReach ureach allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects uReach: from n/a through <= 1.3.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes DiveIt diveit allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects DiveIt: from n/a through <= 1.4.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes PartyMaker partymaker allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects PartyMaker: from n/a through <= 1.1.15. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Edge-Themes Eldon eldon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Eldon: from n/a through <= 1.0. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Edge-Themes Overworld overworld allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Overworld: from n/a through <= 1.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Töbel tobel allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Töbel: from n/a through <= 1.6. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in magentech MaxShop sw_maxshop allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects MaxShop: from n/a through <= 3.6.20. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WebGeniusLab iRecco Core irecco-core allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects iRecco Core: from n/a through <= 1.3.6. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Vango vango allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Vango: from n/a through <= 1.3.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Rashy rashy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Rashy: from n/a through <= 1.1.3. [CVSS 8.2 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Lindo lindo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Lindo: from n/a through <= 1.2.5. [CVSS 8.2 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Dekoro dekoro allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Dekoro: from n/a through <= 1.0.7. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Bfres bfres allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Bfres: from n/a through <= 1.2.1. [CVSS 8.2 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Bailly bailly allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Bailly: from n/a through <= 1.3.4. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Hyori hyori allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hyori: from n/a through <= 1.3.6. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in goalthemes Pippo pippo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Pippo: from n/a through <= 1.2.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Search & Go search-and-go allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Search & Go: from n/a through <= 2.8. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
XpeedStudio Bajaar - Highly Customizable WooCommerce WordPress Theme bajaar is affected by php remote file inclusion (CVSS 8.1).
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in zozothemes Miion miion allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Miion: from n/a through <= 1.2.7. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in temash Barberry barberry allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Barberry: from n/a through <= 2.9.9.87. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in jegtheme JNews - Pay Writer jnews-pay-writer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects JNews - Pay Writer: from n/a through <= 11.0.0. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeGoods Photography photography allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Photography: from n/a through < 7.7.5. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in TangibleWP Listivo Core listivo-core allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Listivo Core: from n/a through <= 2.3.77. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in TangibleWP MyHome Core myhome-core allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects MyHome Core: from n/a through <= 4.1.0. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in scriptsbundle AdForest adforest allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects AdForest: from n/a through <= 6.0.11. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes The Aisle theaisle allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects The Aisle: from n/a through < 2.9.1. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Powerlift powerlift allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Powerlift: from n/a through < 3.2.1. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Biagiotti biagiotti allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Biagiotti: from n/a through < 3.5.2. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in BZOTheme Mella mella allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Mella: from n/a through <= 1.2.29. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in bslthemes Myour myour allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Myour: from n/a through <= 1.5.1. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in fuelthemes WerkStatt Plugin werkstatt-plugin allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WerkStatt Plugin: from n/a through <= 1.6.6. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
A WordPress plugin has a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability (CWE-98) that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary remote PHP code on the server.
A WordPress plugin has a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability allowing attackers to include malicious remote PHP files for unauthenticated code execution.
A WordPress plugin has a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability (CWE-98) enabling unauthenticated remote code execution through crafted include paths.
A WordPress plugin has a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability allowing unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary remote PHP files on the server.
Quick.Cart is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion and Path Traversal issues in the theme selection mechanism. Quick.Cart allows a privileged user to upload arbitrary file contents while only validating the filename extension. [CVSS 7.2 HIGH]
GeoVision GeoWebServer 5.3.3 contains multiple vulnerabilities including local file inclusion, cross-site scripting, and remote code execution through improper input sanitization. [CVSS 6.2 MEDIUM]
News and Blog Designer Bundle for WordPress (through 1.1) has LFI via the template parameter, enabling unauthenticated arbitrary PHP file inclusion and execution.
mPDF 7.0 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows attackers to read arbitrary system files by manipulating annotation file parameters. Attackers can generate URL-encoded or base64 payloads to include local files through crafted annotation content with file path specifications. [CVSS 5.5 MEDIUM]
YouPHPTube <= 7.8 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to access arbitrary files by manipulating the 'lang' parameter in GET requests. [CVSS 5.5 MEDIUM]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Hendon hendon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hendon: from n/a through < 1.7. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Curly curly allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Curly: from n/a through < 3.3. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Optimize optimizewp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Optimize: from n/a through < 2.4. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Wellspring wellspring allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Wellspring: from n/a through < 2.8. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in zozothemes Corpkit corpkit allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Corpkit: from n/a through <= 2.0. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Neo Ocular WordPress theme (before 1.2) allows PHP Local File Inclusion through improper filename control in include/require statements.
Typify WordPress theme (through 3.0.2) allows PHP Local File Inclusion via improper filename control.
Mitech WordPress theme (through 2.3.4) allows PHP Local File Inclusion through improper filename control in include/require statements.
Moody WordPress theme (through 2.7.3) allows PHP Local File Inclusion through improper filename control.
Atlas WordPress theme (through 2.1.0) allows PHP Local File Inclusion through improper filename control in PHP include statements.
Navian WordPress theme (through 1.5.4) allows PHP Local File Inclusion through improper filename control.
Brook WordPress theme (through 2.8.9) allows PHP Local File Inclusion via improper filename control in PHP include statements.
AeroLand WordPress theme (through 1.6.6) allows PHP Local File Inclusion through improper filename control. Unauthenticated RCE possible via include chain.
Oshine WordPress theme (through 7.2.7) allows PHP Local File Inclusion via improper filename control in include/require statements.
OchaHouse WordPress theme (through 2.2.8) allows PHP Local File Inclusion via improper filename control. Same vulnerability class as CVE-2025-12549.
Rozy Flower Shop WordPress theme (through 1.2.25) allows PHP Local File Inclusion through improper filename control in include/require statements. Unauthenticated RCE possible.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Group Hope charity-is-hope allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hope: from n/a through 3.0.0. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in JanStudio Gecko allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Gecko: from n/a through 1.9.8. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mojoomla WPCHURCH allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WPCHURCH: from n/a through 2.7.0. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CodexThemes TheGem Theme Elements (for Elementor) thegem-elements-elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects TheGem Theme Elements (for Elementor): from n/a through <= 5.11.0. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in VanKarWai Calafate calafate allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Calafate: from n/a through <= 1.7.7. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Jwsthemes Issabella allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Issabella: from n/a through 1.1.2. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Frappé allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Frappé: from n/a through 1.8. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in jwsthemes FreeAgent allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FreeAgent: from n/a through 2.1.2. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Local file inclusion vulnerability in MadrasThemes MAS Videos WordPress plugin versions up to 1.3.4 allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files from the affected server through improper control of filename parameters in PHP include/require statements. The vulnerability affects the masvideos plugin and has been tracked by Patchstack with an EPSS score of 0.17% (38th percentile), indicating low exploitation probability despite the presence of information disclosure risk.
Local file inclusion in the Lekker WordPress theme (all versions through 1.8) by Qodeinteractive allows a remote attacker without authentication to supply a crafted filename parameter that reaches an unsanitized PHP include or require statement, potentially exposing arbitrary server-side files. The CVSS 3.1 vector rates impact as C:H/I:H/A:H, though the primary real-world impact is confidentiality loss through file read (e.g., wp-config.php, .env files containing database credentials). No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, and EPSS sits at 0.06% (20th percentile), indicating very limited observed exploitation activity.
Local file inclusion in WebCodingPlace Responsive Posts Carousel Pro plugin for WordPress allows authenticated attackers to read arbitrary files on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution. The vulnerability affects versions <= 15.1 and requires low-privilege user authentication. At time of analysis, no public exploit code is known and exploitation probability is low based on EPSS (0.12%).
Local file inclusion in Edge-Themes Cinerama WordPress theme versions ≤2.9 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary server files through PHP file inclusion weaknesses. Despite the CVSS critical rating of 9.8, EPSS probability is low (0.17%, 38th percentile) with no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The vulnerability allows server-side file reading which could expose configuration files, credentials, and sensitive data without authentication requirements.
Local file inclusion in the Aora WordPress theme (<=1.3.15) allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to read arbitrary files on the server. The high attack complexity and lack of known public exploit code currently limit widespread abuse, but the high CVSS impact scores indicate a potential to escalate to code execution if combined with other techniques. This vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV and has a very low EPSS (0.17%), suggesting it is not currently a priority target for mass exploitation.
Local file inclusion in the Puca WordPress theme (versions ≤2.6.39) allows authenticated attackers with low-privilege access to include arbitrary local PHP files. Successful exploitation can lead to sensitive data exposure or code execution, but requires high attack complexity. No public exploit or active exploitation has been reported.
Quick Facts
- Typical Severity
- HIGH
- Category
- web
- Total CVEs
- 1266